scholarly journals Rawls e Marx: apontamentos em torno da “divisão do trabalho”

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-145
Author(s):  
Paulo Fernando Rocha Antunes
Keyword(s):  
John Rawls ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Justice As Fairness

O móbil do presente artigo é dado a partir do subponto 52 da obra Justice as Fairness: A Restatement (2001) de John Rawls – “Addressing Marx’s Critique of Liberalism” –, mais precisamente quanto à objeção que o autor destaca de Karl Marx em relação à “divisão do trabalho” sob o capitalismo. Rawls considera que tal “divisão”, pelo menos da maneira como foi apontada por Marx, seria “superada” no âmbito dos princípios de justiça. Assim, através da Kritik des Gothaer Programms e de uma famosa Lettre de Marx (acerca de Proudhon), procuramos uma confrontação com as considerações avançadas por Rawls.

High Liberalism

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Tomasi
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
John Rawls ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Justice As Fairness ◽  
Economic Liberty ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
Equal Sharing

This chapter discusses high liberalism, starting with its conception of equality based on an equal sharing of material goods. Compared to the classical liberal ideal pursued by Americans, the European vision of liberal equality saw property rights not as guardians of equality but obstacles to its realization. This notion of property rights extends back at least to Jean-Jacques Rousseau. The chapter first considers the high liberalist views on property and equality, focusing on the arguments advanced by Rousseau, Karl Marx, and John Stuart Mill, before discussing the rise of social justice and the decline of economic liberty. It then examines John Rawls' idea of justice as fairness and the emergence of libertarianism as the leading philosophical alternative to high liberalism. It also explores the fundamental ideas of high liberals with regard to economic liberty and the role of the state in regulating economic affairs in pursuit of the distributional requirements of social justice.

The State’s Role in Ensuring Fair Income Distribution in Vietnam Today: Some Issues from the Theory of Justice as Fairness by John Rawls

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-195
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
John Rawls ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Social Equality ◽  
Justice As Fairness ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Economic Philosophy ◽  
The Relationship

Fairness in income distribution is a factor that both motivates employees and contributes to maintaining social stability. In Vietnam, fair income distribution has been studied from various perspectives. In this article, through the analysis and synthesis of related documents and evidence, and from the perspective of economic philosophy, the author applies John Rawls’s Theory of Justice as Fairness to analyze some issues arising from the implementation of the state’s role in ensuring fair income distribution from 1986 to present. These are unifying the perception of fairness in income distribution; solving the relationship between economic efficiency and social equality; ensuring benefits for the least-privileged people in society; and controlling income. On that basis, the author makes some recommendations to enhance the state’s role in ensuring fair income distribution in Vietnam. Received 11thNovember 2019; Revised 10thApril 2020; Accepted 20th April 2020

Justice as Fairness: For Groups?

1975 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 607-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vernon Van Dyke
Keyword(s):  
John Rawls ◽  
Homogeneous State ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
Justice As Fairness ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
The Social ◽  
Principles Of Justice ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Almost All

In A Theory of Justice, John Rawls assumes that the principles of justice are for individuals in a society, and in general he assumes that the society is an ethnically homogeneous state. He thus follows the tradition associated with the dominant form of the social contract theory, which focuses on the individual and the state. His assumptions neglect the fact that almost all states are ethnically plural or heterogeneous, and that many of them confer special status and rights on ethnic groups as collective entities; for example, many of them confer special status and rights on indigenous groups, on groups disadvantaged by prior discrimination, and on minorities and other groups conceded a right to survive as distinct cultural entities. Status and rights for groups necessarily mean differentiation among individuals depending on their membership; and this in turn means that a theory of justice that focuses on the individual and neglects the group both fails to account for existing practices and fails to give guidance where the practices are at issue.

scholarly journals Liberdade, liberalismo e intervenção do estado: perspectivas teóricas de autores modernos

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-380
Author(s):  
Sávia Lorena Barreto Carvalho De Sousa
Keyword(s):  
John Rawls ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Jürgen Habermas ◽  
Jurgen Habermas ◽  
Anthony Giddens ◽  
Friedrich Hayek

Este ensaio teórico de base analítica visa entender criticamente aspectos do liberalismo e da intervenção do Estado. Com o objetivo central de resgatar questões trabalhadas por autores modernos da Ciência Política a respeito das formas que uma sociedade pode ser mais justa e combater as desigualdades no mundo, o questionamento principal se desdobra em reflexões sobre como conciliar a liberdade com a atuação dos mercados e a respeito dos limites da democracia neste contexto, discutidos em uma problematização de pensadores como Adam Smith, Alex de Tocqueville, Stuart Mill, Max Weber e Karl Marx em diálogo com teóricos mais contemporâneos, como Friedrich Hayek, John Rawls, Jürgen Habermas e Anthony Giddens. Conclui-se a urgência de um processo de fortalecimento dos Parlamentos, com políticas públicas de inclusão social que permitam uma sociedade mais igualitária e uma educação que abra portas para formar um cidadão crítico, que compreenda as diferenças dentro do campo do respeito ao Outro e às liberdades de escolha. A proposta de contínuo aprimoramento das instituições e juízos através de sistemas de consultas, reformas e revisões jurídicas e políticas, é cada vez mais necessária em um mundo de constantes mudanças.

Philosophers-Citizens

In Our Name ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Beerbohm
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
John Rawls ◽  
Democratic Theory ◽  
Justice As Fairness ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
Life Of The Mind ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Ideal

This chapter challenges an account of citizenship that treats us as political philosophers or perennial deliberators and instead proposes the model of the philosopher-citizen who exhibits a computationally intense life of the mind. It first describes the ideal of the philosopher-citizen before considering how a theory of justice is to be employed by well-intentioned citizens by taking into account the views of John Rawls. It argues that the model of the philosopher-citizens tends to be monistic, collapsing the diversity of moral achievements that citizens can make in a democracy, and that this ideal should be separated from an account of the citizen's decision-making obligations. The chapter also examines the principles for citizens and for representatives in the context of Justice as Fairness and concludes by outlining the essential assumptions of a nonideal democratic theory.

Feasibility, Normativity, and Institutional Guarantees

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Tomasi
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
John Rawls ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Ideal Theory ◽  
General View ◽  
Justice As Fairness ◽  
Economic Liberty ◽  
Democratic Regimes ◽  
Market Democracy

This chapter considers John Rawls' conception of ideal theory, with particular emphasis on the implications of problems of feasibility for normative political philosophy and market democracy's institutional guarantees. It defends Rawls' general view of ideal theory, first by explaining why the objection to market democracy—that even if market democratic institutional forms appear attractive in theory, they are unlikely to deliver the goods in practice and so are defective for that reason—has little force when applied against the idealism of left liberalism. It then examines why such arguments are equally ineffective when trained against the idealism of free market fairness. It also analyzes Rawls' idea of “realistic utopianism” before concluding by asking whether market democratic regimes that treat economic liberty as constitutionally basic can realize all the requirements of justice as fairness.

O Liberalismo em John Rawls e a Resposta aos Comunitaristas

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (30) ◽  
pp. 61-82
Author(s):  
Denis Coitinho Silveira ◽  
Keyword(s):  
John Rawls ◽  
Political Liberalism ◽  
Ethical Theories ◽  
Justice As Fairness ◽  
Theory Of Justice

The aim of this article is to characterize the John Rawls’s theory of justice as fairness developed in A Theory of Justice (1971), Political Liberalism (1993), Replay to Habermas (1995) and Justice as Fairness: A Restatement (2001), with a view to identifying the convergent points between deontological conception with teleological characteristics and identify a substantive conception of justice, not purely procedural, which is universalist albeit not transcendental, making possible an approach between communitarian and liberal ethical theories.

scholarly journals Posição original e equilíbrio reflexivo em John Rawls: o problema da justificação

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-157
Author(s):  
Denis Coitinho Silveira
Keyword(s):  
John Rawls ◽  
Political Liberalism ◽  
Justice As Fairness ◽  
Theory Of Justice

O objetivo deste artigo é estabelecer algumas considerações sobre o papel dos procedimentos de posição original e equilíbrio reflexivo na teoria da justiça como equidade de John Rawls, nas obras A Theory of Justice, Political Liberalism e Justice as Fairness: A Restatement. Eu pretendo mostrar que Rawls faz uso de um modelo coerentista-pragmático de justificação dos princípios de justiça em um âmbito público, que é não-fundacionalista em razão da interconexão entre estes procedimentos.

Review of Justice as Fairness: A Restatement, by John Rawls

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
Martin Benjamin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
John Rawls ◽  
Justice As Fairness

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