scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY AND FOOD SAFETY OF VEGETABLE OILS PRODUCED IN VARIOUS REGIONS OF KAZAKHSTAN

REPORTS ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Gulnar Aidarkhanova ◽  
Zhuldyz Satayeva ◽  
Marita Dzhakanova ◽  
Тulegen Seilkhanov
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Permissible Limits

Vegetable oils are a valuable multivitamin raw material for the food and pharmaceutical industry due to the content of effective biologically active organic components and mineral substances. To assess the quality and food safety of unrefined vegetable oils obtained from sunflower seeds and flax of Kazakhstan agro-formations by the method of «cold pressing,» we studied the basic indicators of their qualitative and quantitative composition. It was found that the organoleptic characteristics (transparency, color, smell and taste) of the tested vegetable oils correspond to unrefined sunflower oil of the highest grade, unrefined linseed oil of the first grade. Studies of the physicochemical parameters of sunflower and linseed oils: colored number (14,40 mg of iodine), acid number (1,4-1,5 mg KOH/g), weight fraction of phosphoruscontaining substances (0,18% and 0,5%), humidity (0,13%; 0,17%), peroxide number (6,7 and 9,0 mmol of active O2/g), iodine number (132 and 176 gJ2/100) and saponification number (188 and 187 mg/g) also correspond the requirements of regulatory documents and standards. In sunflower oil samples, the amount of oleic acid is 52,21%, linoleic acid 28,97% is determined, which are within the normal range, although they are adjacent to the levels of higher limits. Analysis of linseed oil fatty acids showed that samples contain linolenic acid 50,1%, All other fatty acids are noted within the permissible limits, and oleic acid 14,13%, linoleic acid 17,9% are close to the upper limits of permissible limits. NMR spectroscopy confirmed that the optimal ratio of ω-6 andω-3 of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the composition of the studied vegetable oils correspond to their name in the ratio of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids.

scholarly journals Assessment of quality and food safety of vegetable oils produced on the base of wild berries of Kazakhstan`s forest areas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Аidarkhanova ◽  
◽  
Z. Satayeva ◽  
A. Ebel ◽  
М. Jakanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Oil Mixtures ◽  
Wild Berries

Many species of forest plants in combination with vegetable oils are the sources of new types of functional products with increased biological efficiency. In respect that the high demand for vegetable oils among the population and industry, the growing anthropogenic pressure on various components of the natural environment, the goal of the research was to create oil mixtures based on sunflower oil and wild berries selected in the forest areas of Kazkhstan`s regions, assess their quality and food safety. The base of the oil mixture was sunflower oil obtained from sunflower seeds by the "cold squeeze" method. Wild berries selected from forest areas of northern (Elaeagnusrhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson) and eastern (Rosa majalisHerrm.,Vacciniummyrtillis L.) of Kazakhstan were used as bio-additives. In the obtained oil mixtures, the basic parameters of their qualitative and quantitative composition were studied. It was found that by density (917-918), refractive index (1,473), acid number (1,4 mg KOH/g), iodine number (130-132 g J2/100), saponification number (188 mg/g) of the tested oil mixtures they correspond to unrefined vegetable oil of higher grade. The content of heavy metals (Pb, As, Cd, Cu, Zn, Mg) and radionuclides (90Sr, 137Cs) does not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations and meets the requirements of regulatory documents and standards. In samples of vegetable oils, the amount of oleic acid (52,21%), linoleic acid (28,97%) is determined, which are within the normal range, although they are adjacent to the levels of the upper limits. NMR spectroscopy confirmed that the optimal ratio of ω-6 and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the composition of the studied vegetable oils correspond to their name in the ratio of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids.

scholarly journals Development of farmed fish: a nutritionally necessary alternative to meat

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Sargent ◽  
A. G. J. Tacon
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Fish Feeds

The projected stagnation in the catch from global fisheries and the continuing expansion of aquaculture is considered against the background that fishmeal and fish oil are major feed stocks for farmed salmon and trout, and also for marine fish. The dietary requirement of these farmed fish for high-quality protein, rich in essential amino acids, can be met by sources other than fishmeal. However, the highly-polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) present in high concentrations in fish oil are essential dietary constituents for marine fish and highly-desirable dietary constituents for salmonids. Currently, there is no feasible alternative source to fish oil for these nutrients in fish feeds. Vegetable oils rich in linoleic acid (18:2n-6) can partially substitute for 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 in salmonid and marinefish feeds. However, this is nutritionally undesirable for human nutrition because the healthpromoting effects of fish-derived 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 reflect a very high intake of 18:2n-6 relative to linolenic acid (18:3n-3) in Western diets. If partial replacement of fish oils in fish feeds with vegetable oils becomes necessary in future, it is argued that 18:3n-3-rich oils, such as linseed oil, are the oils of choice because they are much more acceptable lrom a human nutritional perspective, especially given the innate ability of freshwater fish, including salmonids, to convert dietary 18:3n-3 to 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3. In the meantime, a more judicious use of increasinglyexpensive fish oil in aquaculture is recommended. High priorities in the future development of aquaculture are considered to be genetic improvement of farmed fish stocks with enhanced abilities to convert C18 to C20 and C22n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, enhanced development of primary production of 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 by single-cell marine organisms, and continuing development of new species.

scholarly journals The incorporation of linolenic and linoleic acids into the plasma lipids of sheep given intra-abomasal infusions of linseed oil, maize oil or linoleic acid

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Moore ◽  
R. C. Noble ◽  
W. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Cholesteryl Esters ◽  
Plasma Triglycerides ◽  
Maize Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

1. The fatty acid compositions of the plasma cholesteryl esters, phospholipids, triglycerides and unesterified fatty acids were determined in three sheep at various times after they had been given intra-abomasal infusions of emulsions of linseed oil, maize oil or linoleic acid.2. The concentrations of linolenic acid or linoleic acid in the plasma triglycerides began to increase 1.5 h after infusion of the emulsions had begun. As the concentration of linolenic or linoleic acids in the plasma triglycerides increased, the concentrations of palmitic and stearic acids decreased, hut there were no appreciable changes in the concentrations of oleic acid.3. The concentrations of linolenic or linoleic acid in the plasma phospholipids and cholesteryl esters did not begin to increase until 8–9 h and 24–25 h respectively after the infusions of the emulsions had begun.4. It is suggested that, after absorption from the small intestine of the sheep, linolenic and linoleic acids are transported in triglyceride form to the liver where the triglycerides are partially or completely hydrolysed. These C18 polyunsaturated acids are then preferentially utilized for the synthesis of phospholipids and cholesteryl esters but not for the re-synthesis of triglycerides.

scholarly journals Effect of Vegetable Oil Fortified Feeds on the Content of Fatty Acids in Breast and Thigh Muscles in Broiler Chickens

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. S21-S28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tereza Krejčí-Treu ◽  
Eva Straková ◽  
Pavel Suchý ◽  
Ivan Herzig
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Thigh Muscles

The main objective of this work was to compare the effect of six vegetable oils added to feeding mixtures that were administered to broiler chickens on the content of major fatty acids in chicken meat. The experiment started with 90 one-day-old Ross 308 meat hybrid male chickens that were divided into six groups. Chickens were fed complete feeding mixtures for the prefattening (BR1), fattening (BR2), and post-fattening (BR3) of broiler chickens. The BR1 feeding mixture was administered to chickens aged 1-10 days, the BR2 feeding mixture was given from Day 11 to Day 30, and the BR3 feeding mixture was then administered until Day 42. The BR1 feeding mixture that was administered to all six groups during the first ten days of the experiment was supplemented with soybean oil. BR2 and BR3 feeding mixtures used to feed chickens aged 11-42 days were fortified with soybean oil (SO Group), rapeseed oil (RO Group), sunflower oil (SFO Group), flaxseed oil (FO Group), olive oil (OO Group), and evening primrose oil (EPO Group). The vegetable oils used differed by the composition of fatty acids, particularly by the content of oleic acid, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid. The use of the above-described experimental diets in young broilers from Day 11 to 42 had a significant effect on the content of fatty acids in the fat from breast and thigh muscles. The content of α-linolenic acid in breast and thigh muscles of broilers that received the feed containing flaxseed oil (21.16 g/100 g of oil and 17.13 g/100 g of oil, respectively) significantly increased (p ⪬ 0.01). The highest content of linoleic acid (p ⪬ 0.01) in breast and thigh muscles was found in chickens that were fed the feed containing primrose oil (59.13 g/100 g and 51.71 g/100 g). A significant increase (p ⪬ 0.01) in the level of oleic acid was detected in both breast and thigh muscles of broilers that received olive oil fortified feed (52.44 g/100 g and 43.70 g/100 g of oil). No significant variation was found in the content of palmitic acid and palmitooleic acid. The levels of oleic acid, linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid in feeding mixtures correlated with those found in breast and thigh muscles (r = 0.88; 0.94 and 0.99; r = 0.99; 0.98 and 0.99).

scholarly journals Effect of feeding linseed on the fatty acid composition of milk

2013 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Ágnes Süli ◽  
Béla Béri ◽  
János Csapó ◽  
Éva Vargáné Visi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Myristic Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids

In the last decades many researches were made to change the animal product food’s composition. The production of better fat-compound milk and dairy products became a goal in the name of health conscious nutrition. These researches were motivated by the non adequate milk fat’s fatty acid composition. There have been made researches in order to modify the milk’s fatty acids’ composition to reach the expectations of functional foods. With the optimal supplement of the feed can be increased the proportion of the polyunsaturated fatty acids and can decreased the saturated fatty acids. Row fat content of milk was not decreasing in the course of examination neither of the cold extruded linseed nor the whole linseed supplement as opposed to observations experienced by other authors. In case of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids when supplementing with cold extruded linseed the most significant change was observable in the concentration of the elaidic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, alfa-linolenic acid, conjugated linoleic acid. In case of saturated fatty acids the quantity of palmitic acid and myristic acid lowered considerably. When observating the feeding with whole linseed the concentration of many fatty acids from the milkfat of saturated fatty acids lowered (caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid). The quantity of some unsaturated fatty acids was showing a distinct rise after feeding with linseed, this way the oleic acid, alfa-linolenic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, eicosadienoic acid. The aim of the study was to produce food which meets the changed demands of customers as well. The producing of milk with favourable fatty acid content from human health point of view can give scope propagate the products of animal origin.  

scholarly journals Nutritional encephalomalacia in the chick: an exposure of the vulnerable period for cerebellar development and the possible need for both ω6- and ω3-fatty acids

1987 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Budowski ◽  
M. J. Leighfield ◽  
M. A. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Oleic Acid Concentration ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Treatments

1. Cockerels (1-d-old) received over a period of 4 weeks, a balanced diet containing either safflower oil (diet S) or linseed oil (diet L) as a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Body-weight, and weights of cerebrum and cerebellum increased at similar rates in the two dietary groups. The total fatty acids (FA) of the cerebellum differed from the cerebral FA by their higher PUFA and oleic acid contents and their lower stearic acid level. During the 3rd week of life there was a spurt in accretion of PUFA in the cerebellum, but not in the cerebrum. At the end of the experimental period phosphatidylethanolamine was present at twice the concentration in the cerebellum, compared with the cerebrum.2. Diets S and L resulted in extensive mutual replacement of ω6- and ω3-FA in brain, without any significant change in the total PUFA. Brain oleic acid concentration was higher in the diet-L group than in the diet-S group, but saturated FA were not affected by the dietary treatments.3. These results may be relevant to basic brain biology and to chick nutritional encephalomalacia (NE). This disease, which specifically affects the cerebellum and is readily induced by diets supplying linoleic acid but deficient in vitamin E, usually reaches its highest incidence during the 3rd week of life and may thus be related to the cerebellar PUFA spurt that occurs at that time. The fact that NE was induced by linoleic acid, while α-linolenic acid exerted a protective action, points to an overproduction of arachidonic-derived eicosanoids as a factor in the etiology of the cerebellar lesion and possibly a structural change due to a loss of docosahexaenoic acid and gain of arachidonic acid in the chicks given diet S.

Significance of phenolic compounds in tropical forages for the ruminal bypass of polyunsaturated fatty acids and the appearance of biohydrogenation intermediates as examined in vitro

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuraga Jayanegara ◽  
Michael Kreuzer ◽  
Elizabeth Wina ◽  
Florian Leiber
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Tropical Forages

The purpose of the present study was to assess the influence of phenol-rich tropical ruminant feeds on the extent of ruminal biohydrogenation (BH) of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Samples of 27 tropical forages (mainly tree and shrub leaves), characterised by different phenolic profiles, were incubated in vitro (n = 4 replicates) with buffered rumen fluid for 24 h using the Hohenheim gas test method. Linseed oil was added as a rich source of PUFA. In the plants, total extractable phenols (TEP), non-tannin phenols, condensed tannins, and fatty acids were determined. After terminating incubation, the fatty acid profile present in fermentation fluid (total syringe content) was analysed by gas chromatography. The relationship between TEP and the disappearance of α-linolenic acid from the incubation fluid was negative (R2 = 0.48, P < 0.001), indicating that TEP reduced the ruminal BH of this PUFA. Similarly, TEP were negatively related with the disappearances of linoleic acid (R2 = 0.52, P < 0.001) and oleic acid (R2 = 0.58, P < 0.001). The appearance of rumenic acid, an important conjugated linoleic acid isomer, was positively correlated with TEP (R2 = 0.30, P < 0.01), while the opposite result was seen with stearic acid (R2 = 0.22, P < 0.05). Leaves of avocado (Persea americana) were particularly interesting, because they changed the BH pattern at a moderate TEP content of 73 g/kg DM. It is concluded that, in the tropical feedstuffs investigated, TEP have an impact on ruminal fatty acid BH and are associated with an increased bypass of PUFA and the generation of conjugated linoleic acid.

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