scholarly journals Effect of Vegetable Oil Fortified Feeds on the Content of Fatty Acids in Breast and Thigh Muscles in Broiler Chickens

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. S21-S28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tereza Krejčí-Treu ◽  
Eva Straková ◽  
Pavel Suchý ◽  
Ivan Herzig
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Thigh Muscles

The main objective of this work was to compare the effect of six vegetable oils added to feeding mixtures that were administered to broiler chickens on the content of major fatty acids in chicken meat. The experiment started with 90 one-day-old Ross 308 meat hybrid male chickens that were divided into six groups. Chickens were fed complete feeding mixtures for the prefattening (BR1), fattening (BR2), and post-fattening (BR3) of broiler chickens. The BR1 feeding mixture was administered to chickens aged 1-10 days, the BR2 feeding mixture was given from Day 11 to Day 30, and the BR3 feeding mixture was then administered until Day 42. The BR1 feeding mixture that was administered to all six groups during the first ten days of the experiment was supplemented with soybean oil. BR2 and BR3 feeding mixtures used to feed chickens aged 11-42 days were fortified with soybean oil (SO Group), rapeseed oil (RO Group), sunflower oil (SFO Group), flaxseed oil (FO Group), olive oil (OO Group), and evening primrose oil (EPO Group). The vegetable oils used differed by the composition of fatty acids, particularly by the content of oleic acid, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid. The use of the above-described experimental diets in young broilers from Day 11 to 42 had a significant effect on the content of fatty acids in the fat from breast and thigh muscles. The content of α-linolenic acid in breast and thigh muscles of broilers that received the feed containing flaxseed oil (21.16 g/100 g of oil and 17.13 g/100 g of oil, respectively) significantly increased (p ⪬ 0.01). The highest content of linoleic acid (p ⪬ 0.01) in breast and thigh muscles was found in chickens that were fed the feed containing primrose oil (59.13 g/100 g and 51.71 g/100 g). A significant increase (p ⪬ 0.01) in the level of oleic acid was detected in both breast and thigh muscles of broilers that received olive oil fortified feed (52.44 g/100 g and 43.70 g/100 g of oil). No significant variation was found in the content of palmitic acid and palmitooleic acid. The levels of oleic acid, linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid in feeding mixtures correlated with those found in breast and thigh muscles (r = 0.88; 0.94 and 0.99; r = 0.99; 0.98 and 0.99).

scholarly journals Inhibition of steroid 5α-reductase by specific aliphatic unsaturated fatty acids

1992 ◽  
Vol 285 (2) ◽  
pp. 557-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Liang ◽  
S Liao
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Binding Assay ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Undecylenic Acid ◽  
Gamma Linolenic Acid ◽  
Enzymic Assay

Human or rat microsomal 5 alpha-reductase activity, as measured by enzymic conversion of testosterone into 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone or by binding of a competitive inhibitor, [3H]17 beta-NN-diethulcarbamoyl-4-methyl-4-aza-5 alpha-androstan-3-one ([3H]4-MA) to the reductase, is inhibited by low concentrations (less than 10 microM) of certain polyunsaturated fatty acids. The relative inhibitory potencies of unsaturated fatty acids are, in decreasing order: gamma-linolenic acid greater than cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid = cis-6,9,12,15-octatetraenoic acid = arachidonic acid = alpha-linolenic acid greater than linoleic acid greater than palmitoleic acid greater than oleic acid greater than myristoleic acid. Other unsaturated fatty acids such as undecylenic acid, erucic acid and nervonic acid, are inactive. The methyl esters and alcohol analogues of these compounds, glycerols, phospholipids, saturated fatty acids, retinoids and carotenes were inactive even at 0.2 mM. The results of the binding assay and the enzymic assay correlated well except for elaidic acid and linolelaidic acid, the trans isomers of oleic acid and linoleic acid respectively, which were much less active than their cis isomers in the binding assay but were as potent in the enzymic assay. gamma-Linolenic acid had no effect on the activities of two other rat liver microsomal enzymes: NADH:menadione reductase and glucuronosyl transferase. gamma-Linolenic acid, the most potent inhibitor tested, decreased the Vmax. and increased Km values of substrates, NADPH and testosterone, and promoted dissociation of [3H]4-MA from the microsomal reductase. gamma-Linolenic acid, but not the corresponding saturated fatty acid (stearic acid), inhibited the 5 alpha-reductase activity, but not the 17 beta-dehydrogenase activity, of human prostate cancer cells in culture. These results suggest that unsaturated fatty acids may play an important role in regulating androgen action in target cells.

scholarly journals FATTY ACIDS COMPOSITION OF TOCTE (JUGLANS NEOTROPICA DIELS) WALNUT FROM ECUADOR

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilcacundo E ◽  
Alvarez M ◽  
Silva M ◽  
Carpio C ◽  
Morales D ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition

 Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the fatty acids composition in a tocte seeds oil (Juglans neotropica Diels) sample cultivated in Ecuador.Methods: Tocte oil was obtained from tocte seeds using the cold pressing method. Fatty acids analysis was carried out using the gas chromatography method with a mass selective detector (GC/MSD) and using the database Library NIST14.L to identify the compounds.Results: Methyl esters fatty acids were identified from tocte (J. neotropica Diels) walnut using the GC–MS analytical method. The total lipid content of tocte walnuts seeds of plants cultivated in Ecuador was of 49.01% of the total lipid content on fresh weight. Fatty acids were analyzed as methyl esters on a capillary column DB-WAX 122-7062 with a good separation of palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid. The structure of methyl esters fatty acids was determined using the GC–MS. Tocte walnut presents 5.05% of palmitic acid, 2.26% of stearic acid, 19.50% of oleic acid, 65.81% of linoleic acid, and 2.79% linolenic acid of the total content of fatty acids in tocte oil. Fatty acids content reported in this study were similar to the data reported for other walnuts seeds.Conclusions: Tocte seeds are a good source of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Tocte oil content oleic acid and with a good content of ɷ6 α-linoleic and ɷ3 α-linolenic. Tocte walnut can help reduce risk cardiovascular diseases in Ecuador for their good composition of fatty acids.

scholarly journals Variation in fatty acids in chicken meat as a result of a lupin-containing diet

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Straková ◽  
P. Suchý ◽  
I. Herzig ◽  
P. Hudečková ◽  
Š. Ivanko
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Thigh Muscles ◽  
Chicken Muscles

This study was designed to verify the effect of diets containing lupin meal on the composition of fat in meat from fattened broiler chickens. It follows from the results that an increasing level of lupin meal (E1 and E2) resulted in a gradual decrease in the average level of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) in fat in breast and thigh muscles from experimental chickens as compared to the control group. This decrease was characterized by a significant (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05) to highly significant (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.01) reduction in the level of palmitic acid, which is the most common fatty acid. Diets containing lupin meal showed an increase in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). Particularly oleic acid contributed significantly to an overall increase in MUFAs (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.01). Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) from the n-6 group showed only a slight decrease in fat in meat from chickens in the experimental group. Linoleic acid as the most common PUFA found in the fat from chicken muscles showed a significantly lower level in breast muscles in the E2 group (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05) as compared to the control and the E1 group. A similar trend was also observed for &gamma;-linolenic acid in fat from breast muscles. The level of arachidonic acid in fat from muscles in experimental groups also decreased. The levels of PUFAs n-3 in fat from chicken muscles were found to increase in experimental groups. Of all PUFAs n-3 examined in fat from breast and thigh muscles, &alpha;-linolenic acid was found at the highest levels. Its levels in fat from muscles varied with an increasing amount of lupin meal in a diet. However, a highly significant increase (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.01) was confirmed only in thigh muscles. A rise in PUFAs n-3 which is associated with the dietary supplementation of lupin meal is particularly beneficial as it affected the &Sigma; PUFAs n-3:&Sigma; PUFAs n-6 ratio, thereby enhancing the nutritional value of chicken meat with regard to human nutrition.

Milk production and milk composition of dairy cows fed Lac100® or whole flaxseed

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. B. Cavalieri ◽  
G. T. Santos ◽  
M. Matsushita ◽  
H. V. Petit ◽  
L. P. Rigolon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Calcium Salts

Cows were fed whole flaxseed or calcium salts of soybean oil as a fat source. Cows fed flaxseed had lower (P < 0.01) milk yield and higher (P < 0.01) percentages of fat and protein than cows fed calcium salts. Feeding whole flaxseed and calcium salts of soybean oil increased, respectively, the concentrations of alpha-linolenic acid and conjugated linoleic acid in milk. Key words: Flaxseed, fatty acids, fat supplement

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Selected Vegetable Oils or Vitamin E on Fatty Acid Composition of Hen Egg Yolks

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-188
Author(s):  
Magdalena Franczyk-Żarów ◽  
Beata Szymczyk ◽  
Renata B. Kostogrys
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Egg Yolks

AbstractThe objective of this study was to produce eggs enriched with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and ameliorate their fatty acid profile using the appropriate combination of dietary CLA with or without vegetable oils (olive oil or rapeseed oil) and vitamin E. In Experiment 1, 25-week-old laying hens were randomly distributed into eight groups of nine. Birds were fed with a standard diet with four different levels of CLA (0.0, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0%) and vegetable oils (olive oil or rapeseed oil, both in the amount of 1.46%). In Experiment 2, hens were randomly distributed into 12 groups of nine. The same four levels of CLA with three doses of vitamin E (0, 150, 300 mg/kg of diet) were applied. In both experiments, eggs were collected twice (at 4 and 8 weeks) for fatty acid profiling using GCMS. The differences between treatment means were considered significant at P<0.05. CLA treatments significantly increased the content of CLA, saturated fatty acids (SFA), and significantly decreased the content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in the egg yolk, whereas levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were unaffected. The vegetable oils used did not prevent the negative effects of CLA effectively. Only after eight weeks of experiment 1 SFA levels were significantly lower, but MUFA levels were significantly higher in groups fed with rapeseed oil compared to groups fed with olive oil. In experiment 2, the addition of vitamin E to the hen diet did not have an essential influence on the lipid profile of egg yolks.

scholarly journals Methyl jasmonate vapors affect the composition and peroxidation of major fatty acids in common buckwheat seedlings

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Józef Klocek ◽  
Magdalena Szwed ◽  
Danuta Koczkodaj ◽  
Joanna Mitrus ◽  
Marian Saniewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Linoleic Acid Content ◽  
Common Buckwheat ◽  
Fatty Acid Peroxidation

The effect of methyl jasmonate (MJ) vapors on the composition and peroxidation of major fatty acids in the organs of common buckwheat seedlings was investigated. The composition of fatty acids in the hypocotyl and cotyledons of seedlings changed significantly under exposure to MJ vapors in closed jars. Four-day exposure to MJ led to a significant reduction in the concentrations of stearic, linoleic, and linolenic acids in the hypocotyl, whereas oleic acid levels increased approximately 3.5-fold. A decrease in stearic acid levels and an increase in the content of linolenic acid were noted in cotyledons, whereas oleic acid levels decreased in roots. Seven-day exposure to MJ vapor caused a further reduction in stearic acid content and an increase in oleic acid and linoleic acid levels in the hypocotyl. At the same time, the linoleic acid content of roots and linolenic acid levels in cotyledons were doubled, but a 5-fold reduction in linolenic acid concentrations was observed in roots. Methyl jasmonate intensified fatty acid peroxidation in cotyledons after 4 and 7 days and in roots after 4 days of exposure. Peroxidation was inhibited in the hypocotyl and roots after 7 days. The noted changes in the composition and peroxidation of fatty acids are probably indicative of senescence in buckwheat seedlings under the influence of MJ. Senescence seems to proceed faster in cotyledons than in other organs of buckwheat seedlings.

scholarly journals Flax Seed

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 01-02
Author(s):  
Hayriye Alp
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Flax Seed ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Flax Oil ◽  
Secoisolariciresinol Diglycoside

Flax sed also known as flax oil and linseed oil, is derived from the seeds of the plant Linium usitatissimum. Flax seed oil is a very rich source of alpha-linolenic acid. Alpha-linolenic acid concentration in flaxseed oil ranges from approximately 40 to 60%.lower amounts of linoleic acid and oleic acid (each about 15%) are also present in flaxseed oil.ın addition, flaxseed contains varying amounts of the lignan, secoisolariciresinol diglycoside (SDG).

scholarly journals (174) Determination of Fatty Acid Composition in 120 Korean Native Rice Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1082D-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoung-Shim Cho ◽  
Hyun-Ju Kim ◽  
Jae-Ho Lee ◽  
Jung-Hoon Kang ◽  
Young-Sang Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Arachidic Acid ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivars

Fatty acid is known as a physiologically active compound, and its composition in rice may affect human health in countries where rice is the major diet. The fatty acid composition in brown rice of 120 Korean native cultivars was determined by one-step extraction/methylation method and GC. The average composition of 9 detectable fatty acids in tested rice cultivars were as followings: myristic acid; 0.6%, palmitic acid; 21.2%, stearic acid; 1.8%, oleic acid; 36.5%, linoleic acid; 36.3%, linolenic acid; 1.7%, arachidic acid; 0.5%, behenic acid; 0.4%, and lignoceric acid; 0.9%. Major fatty acids were palmitic, oleic and linoleic acid, which composed around 94%. The rice cultivar with the highest linolenic acid was cv. Jonajo (2.1%), and cvs. Pochoenjangmebye and Sandudo showed the highest composition of palmitic (23.4%) and oleic acid (44.8%), respectively. Cultivar Pochuenjangmebye exhitibed the highest composition of saturated fatty acid (28.1%), while cvs. Sandudo and Modo showed the highest mono-unsaturated (44.8%) and poly-unsaturated (42.4%) fatty acid composition, respectively. The oleic acid showed negative correlation with palmitic and linoleic acid, while positive correlation between behenic and lignoceric acids was observed.

scholarly journals Comparison of Biochemical Properties of the Original and Newly Identified Oleate Hydratases from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Woo-Ri Kang ◽  
Min-Ju Seo ◽  
Kyung-Chul Shin ◽  
Jin-Byung Park ◽  
Deok-Kun Oh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acids ◽  
Plant Oils ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oleate Hydratase

ABSTRACT Oleate hydratases (OhyAs) catalyze the conversion of unsaturated fatty acids to 10-hydroxy fatty acids, which are used as precursors of important industrial compounds, including lactones and ω-hydroxycarboxylic and α,ω-dicarboxylic acids. The genes encoding OhyA and a putative fatty acid hydratase in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were identified by genomic analysis. The putative fatty acid hydratase was purified and identified as an oleate hydratase (OhyA2) based on its substrate specificity. The activity of OhyA2 as a holoenzyme was not affected by adding cofactors, whereas the activity of the original oleate hydratase (OhyA1) showed an increase. Thus, all characterized OhyAs were categorized as either OhyA1 or OhyA2 based on the activities of holoenzymes upon adding cofactors, which were determined by the type of the fourth conserved amino acid of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-binding motif. The hydration activities of S. maltophilia OhyA2 toward unsaturated fatty acids, including oleic acid, palmitoleic acid, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, and γ-linolenic acid, were greater than those of OhyA1. Moreover, the specific activity of S. maltophilia OhyA2 toward unsaturated fatty acids, with the exception of γ-linolenic acid, was the highest among all reported OhyAs. IMPORTANCE All characterized OhyAs were categorized as OhyA1s or OhyA2s based on the different properties of the reported and newly identified holo-OhyAs in S. maltophilia upon the addition of cofactors. OhyA2s showed higher activities toward polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, and γ-linolenic acid, than those of OhyA1s. This suggests that OhyA2s can be used more effectively to convert plant oils to 10-hydroxy fatty acids because plant oils contain not only oleic acid but also PUFAs. The hydration activity of the newly identified OhyA2 from S. maltophilia toward oleic acid was the highest among the activity levels reported so far. Therefore, this enzyme is an efficient biocatalyst for the conversion of plant oils to 10-hydroxy fatty acids, which can be further converted to important industrial materials.

Comparison of the Modulatory Influence of Maize and Olive Oils and Butter on Metabolic Responses to Endotoxin in Rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Besler ◽  
R. F. Grimble
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Tissue Protein ◽  
Synthetic Rate ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Lung And Kidney ◽  
Maize Oil

1. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids decrease responses to cytokines and inflammatory agents. The present study examines how different intakes of n-6 and n-9 fatty acids influence the metabolic response to endotoxin in Wistar rats. 2. Weanling male rats were, for 4 weeks, fed diets containing 50, 100 or 200 g/kg fat in the form of maize oil (rich in linoleic acid), butter (poor in linoleic acid, rich in oleic acid) or olive oil (adequate in linoleic acid, rich in oleic acid) or standard laboratory chow. All butter and olive oil diets included 10 g/kg maize oil, in total fat, to avoid essential fatty acid deficiency. 3. Rats subsequently received 800 μg/kg Escherichia coli endotoxin or sterile saline subcutaneously. Twenty-four hours after injection, the rate of tissue protein synthesis was measured in liver, lung, kidney, tibialis muscle and spleen by the ‘flooding dose’ method. Protein and zinc concentrations were assayed in all tissues and serum albumin and caeruloplasmin measured. 4. In animals fed chow, protein synthetic rate increased by 18%, 29% and 27% in liver, lung and kidney respectively. Tissue zinc concentrations increased by 33% in kidney, and tissue protein increased by 17%, 23% and 17% in liver, lung and kidney respectively. Serum caeruloplasmin increased by 60% and albumin concentration fell by 14%. 5. In animals consuming the 50 g/kg maize oil diet, protein synthetic rate increased by 56%, 36% and 34% in liver, lung and kidney respectively. Tissue zinc concentration increased by 14%, 15% and 17% in the three tissues respectively, and tissue protein concentration increased by 7%, 9% and 51% respectively. Serum caeruloplasmin increased by 172% and albumin concentrations fell by 22%. 6. No change in any parameter occurred in response to endotoxin in rats given diets containing fat predominantly as butter (50 and 100 g/kg), or olive oil (50, 100 and 200 g/kg). 7. In animals fed maize oil diets, responses increased in magnitude in parallel with dietary intake. 8. Responses in rats fed fat (200 g/kg) predominantly as butter were similar to those seen when diets contained 50 g/kg fat as maize oil. 9. The data suggest that the metabolic response to endotoxin is enhanced by n-6 and suppressed by n-9 unsaturated fatty acids. The modulatory influence of fats on responses to inflammatory agents may depend on the relative proportions of these substances.

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