Antioxidant, Antiprotoscolices Activity of Ethanolic Extracts of Some Medicinal Plants Against Echinococcus granulosus as Eco-friendly System

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Amer Abed ◽  
Orooba Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Mentha Spicata ◽  
Time Dependent Effect ◽  
Promising Source

The principal objective of the study is to investigate the use of Mentha spicata, Thymus vulgaris and Ocimum basilicum as a good alternative option to Antiprotoscolices in-vitro. Hydatid disease, a zoonotic parasitic infection caused by Echinococcus granulosus, an important economic and human public health problem with a wide geographical distribution. Fertile hydatid cysts were collected from livestock and the viability of the protoscolices was confirmed. Protoscolices were subjected to four different concentrations of organic extracts (12.5, 25, 50 and 75 mg/ml) for 10, 20 and 30 min. Each extract was investigated and viability of the protoscolices was tested using 0.1% eosin staining. The highest efficacy was by T. vulgaris, M. spicata (100%), and O. basilicum (98.8%) respectively, after exposure of 20 minutes at 75 mg/ml, that lead to the significant reduction in the viability of protoscolices. The extract had time-dependent effect. Phytochemical were identified qualitatively and weighted quantitatively, that help in the identification of bioactive compounds involved in selective action on the protoscolices tegument layer. In conclusion, all the selected medicinal plants could be a promising source of potent antiprotoscolices effect. The mechanism by which plant extracts killed protoscolices and also their safety for living cells are unclear and need to be investigated further.

scholarly journals Phytochemical analysis, Antioxidant and Antiprotoscolices potential of ethanol extracts of selected plants species against Echinococcus granulosus: In-vitro study

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 874-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumbal Haleem ◽  
Sadaf Niaz ◽  
Naveeda Akhtar Qureshi ◽  
Riaz Ullah ◽  
Hafiz Majid Mahmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Promising Source

AbstractCystic Echinococossis is a serious zoonotic parasitic infection caused by Echinococcus granulosus species complex. The current study was designed to evaluate the in-vitro antiprotoscolices effect of alcoholic extracts of three selected medicinal plants including Buxus Wallichiana, Berberis vulgaris and Euphorbia heliscopia against Echinococcus granulosus. Fertile hydatid cysts were collected from livestock and viability of the protoscolices was confirmed by 0.1% eosin red stain method. Protoscolices were subjected to three different concentrations of alcoholic extracts (10mg/ml, 30mg/ ml and 50mg/ml) for 10, 20 and 30 min. The highest efficacy was shown by B. vulgaris (97.92%) followed by B. wallichiana (65.98%) and E. heliscopia (61.22%) respectively, after exposure of 30 minutes at 50mg/ml concentration, that lead to the significant reduction in the viability of protoscolices. Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponnins were identified qualitatively and weighted quantitatively, that might help in the identification of bioactive compounds involved in selective action on the tegument layer of protoscolices. Alcoholic extracts of all the three selected medicinal plants showed toxic activities against protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus. These findings suggest that all the selected medicinal plants could be a promising source of potent antiprotoscolices effect. However, the mechanism by which plant extracts killed protoscolices and also their safety for living cells are unclear and need to be investigated further.

Natural products from the traditional Moroccan pharmacopoeia: A potential lead for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1278-1285
Author(s):  
Mohamed Yafout ◽  
Amine Ousaid ◽  
Ibrahim Sbai El Otmani ◽  
Youssef Khayati ◽  
Amal Ait Haj Said
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Promising Source

The new SARS-CoV-2 belonging to the coronaviruses family has caused a pandemic affecting millions of people around the world. This pandemic has been declared by the World Health Organization as an international public health emergency. Although several clinical trials involving a large number of drugs are currently underway, no treatment protocol for COVID-19 has been officially approved so far. Here we demonstrate through a search in the scientific literature that the traditional Moroccan pharmacopoeia, which includes more than 500 medicinal plants, is a fascinating and promising source for the research of natural molecules active against SARS-CoV-2. Multiple in-silico and in-vitro studies showed that some of the medicinal plants used by Moroccans for centuries possess inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2. These inhibitory activities are achieved through the different molecular mechanisms of virus penetration and replication, or indirectly through stimulation of immunity. Thus, the potential of plants, plant extracts and molecules derived from plants that are traditionally used in Morocco and have activity against SARS-CoV-2, could be explored in the search for a preventive or curative treatment against COVID-19. Furthermore, safe plants or plant extracts that are proven to stimulate immunity could be officially recommended by governments as nutritional supplements.

Medicinal Plants and Bioactive Compounds for Diabetes Management: Important Advances for Drug Discovery

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kondeti Ramudu Shanmugam ◽  
Bhasha Shanmugam ◽  
Gangigunta Venkatasubbaiah ◽  
Sahukari Ravi ◽  
Kesireddy Sathyavelu Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Major Public Health Problem

Background : Diabetes is a major public health problem in the world. It affects each and every part of the human body and also leads to organ failure. Hence, great progress made in the field of herbal medicine and diabetic research. Objectives: Our review will focus on the effect of bioactive compounds of medicinal plants which are used to treat diabetes in India and other countries. Methods: Information regarding diabetes, oxidative stress, medicinal plants and bioactive compounds were collected from different search engines like Science direct, Springer, Wiley online library, Taylor and francis, Bentham Science, Pubmed and Google scholar. Data was analyzed and summarized in the review. Results and Conclusion: Anti-diabetic drugs that are in use have many side effects on vital organs like heart, liver, kidney and brain. There is an urgent need for alternative medicine to treat diabetes and their disorders. In India and other countries herbal medicine was used to treat diabetes. Many herbal plants have antidiabetic effects. The plants like ginger, phyllanthus, curcumin, aswagandha, aloe, hibiscus and curcuma showed significant anti-hyperglycemic activities in experimental models and humans. The bioactive compounds like Allicin, azadirachtin, cajanin, curcumin, querceitin, gingerol possesses anti-diabetic, antioxidant and other pharmacological properties. This review focuses on the role of bioactive compounds of medicinal plants in prevention and management of diabetes. Conclusion: Moreover, our review suggests that bioactive compounds have the potential therapeutic potential against diabetes. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to validate these findings.

scholarly journals Interaction of Folk Medicinal Plants with Levofloxacin against Escherichia Coli

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1855-1861
Author(s):  
Isra Tayseer ◽  
Hanan Azzam ◽  
Nehaya Al-Karablieh ◽  
Amal Mayyas ◽  
Talal Aburjai
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Additive Interaction ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
E Coli

The present study was conducted to assess the in vitro activities of folk medicinal plants in combination with levofloxacin against TG1 and mutant KAM3-1(∆acrB-∆tolC) Escherichia coli strains. Plants were chosen based on their traditional use in combination with antibiotics among laymen. Standard protocols were followed to examine the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts and levofloxacin against E. coli in term of their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and to evaluate the plant extracts-levofloxacin interaction using checkerboard method. Among the twelve plants investigated, Thymus vulgaris, Zingiber officinale, Teucrium polium, Matricaria chamomilla and Curcuma longa had the best antimicrobial activities against E. coli strains with MIC values at 250 μg/ml. It is noteworthy to mention that other folk plants extracts reveled no effects against E coli strains. Furthermore, additive interactions were observed between levofloxacin and T. polium or T. vulgaris against E. coli wild-type TG1 strain. There was no antagonism being observed in this study. The detection of additive interaction between the extracts and levofloxacin demonstrates the prospective of these folk medicinal plants as a source of compounds to modulate antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals 563 Influence of Ultra-high Levels of Carbon Dioxide on Secondary Metabolite Production in Vitro

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 543C-543
Author(s):  
Brent Tisserat ◽  
Steven Vaughn
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Secondary Metabolite Production ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Mentha Spicata ◽  
Metabolite Production ◽  
Wide Range

The influence of a wide range of CO2 levels on the growth, morphogenesis, and secondary metabolite production in vitro was evaluated. Shoots of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and a spearmint–peppermint cross (Mentha spicata × Mentha piperita) were grown on MS medium with and without 3% sucrose under 350, 1500, 3000, 10,000, and 30,000 μL CO2/L for 8 weeks. Dichloromethane extracts from leafs were analyzed using GC-MS techniques. Prominent peaks were identified by comparison with known standards. Highest growth (i.e., fresh weight) and morphogenesis responses (i.e., leafs, shoots and roots) were obtained when shoots were grown under 10,000 μL CO2/L regardless of whether or not sucrose was included in the medium. Ultra-high CO2 concentrations (3000 μL CO2/L) stimulated secondary metabolite production regardless of whether or not the medium contained sucrose. However, the combination of certain ultra-high CO2 levels (e.g., 3000 to 10,000 μL CO2/L) and the presence of sucrose in the medium resulted in shoots producing the highest levels of secondary metabolites. These results suggest that in vitro photosynthesis, which is stimulated by ultrahigh CO2 levels, may enhance secondary metabolite production.

scholarly journals Scolicidal and Apoptotic Activities of 5-hydroxy-1, 4-naphthoquinone as a Potent Agent against Echinococcus granulosus Protoscoleces

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 623
Author(s):  
Masoud Moghadaszadeh ◽  
Mehdi Khayyati ◽  
Adel Spotin ◽  
Roghayeh Norouzi ◽  
Abdol Sattar Pagheh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Cystic Hydatid Disease ◽  
Liposomal System ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Apoptotic Effect ◽  
Apoptotic Activity

Cystic hydatid disease (CHD) is a zoonotic disease with different clinical stages caused by the larval stage of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus. It is important to highlight as a public health problem in various regions of the world. In the current study, the efficacy and apoptotic activity of the liposomal system containing juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) were assessed against protoscoleces (PSCs) in vitro. To this aim, firstly, liposomal vesicles were prepared by the thin-film method. Their physico-chemical features were assessed using Zeta-Sizer and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Subsequently, various concentrations (50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 μg/mL) of juglone nanoliposomes at different exposure times (15, 30, 60, and 120 min) were used against PSCs. Results showed that juglone nanoliposomes at all tested concentrations induced scolicidal effect, however, 800 μg/mL and 400 μg/mL of juglone nanoliposomes could reach 100% mortality in 60 and 120 min, respectively. Additionally, we found that caspase-3 mRNA expression was higher in PSCs treated with juglone nanoliposomes compared to control groups (p < 0.001). Therefore, juglone nanoliposomes are suggested to have a more potent apoptotic effect on PSCs. Generally, optimized doses of juglone nanoliposomes could display significant scolicidal effects. Moreover, further in vivo studies are required to evaluate the efficacy of this nanoliposome.

scholarly journals Study of the inhibitory effect of the ethanolic extract of a number of local medicinal plants on the growth of proteus spp. in vitro

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Jinan Abdul-Amir Sabeeh
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coriandrum Sativum ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris

The present study was designed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of six local medicinal plants ethanolic extract ( Quercusrobur, Vitisvinifera, Cinamomumzeylanicum , Ginger officinale ,Thymus vulgaris and Coriandrumsativum ) on the growth of Proteus spp. in vitro. For this purpose graduate concentrates for each extract (50, 100, 200 and 400) mg/ml were prepared and tested. The result showed that all the studied medicinal plants have antibacterial activity against Proteus spp. with exception for Coriandrumsativum which didn’t showed any inhibitory activity for the growing of the studied bacteria in Vitro. And the more active plant in inhibition the growth of the studied bacteria was Quercusrobur followed by Vitisvinifera and Cinamomum zeylanicum , Ginger officinale ,Thymus vulgaris. Also, there was no significant differences between the effect of the different concentrations of Thymus vulgaris and Coriandrum sativum, while there were a significant differences between effect of Cinamomumzeylanicum concentrations and the concentrations of (400 and 200 mg\ml) Ginger officinale and compared with 100 and 50 mg/ml of Quercusrobur, while, the ethanolic extract of the Vitisvinifera showed a significant differences between the effect of the concentration 400 mg\ml with the other studied concentration.

Lethal in vitro effects of optimized chitosan nanoparticles against protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus

2021 ◽  
pp. 088391152110142
Author(s):  
Nima Firouzeh ◽  
Touba Eslaminejad ◽  
Reza Shafiei ◽  
Ashkan Faridi ◽  
Majid Fasihi Harandi
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
Scolicidal Agent

Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) is a parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. Exploring safe and effective scolicidal agents for the surgery is an urgent need for the successful treatment of CE. This study aimed to determine scolicidal activity of the synthesized chitosan nanoparticles. Physicochemical properties of synthesized nanoparticles were determined by using DLS, FTIR, and SEM. Different concentrations of chitosan nanoparticles from 125 to 1000 μg/ml were examined at different incubation times (10, 60, 120, and 180 min). Scolicidal and cytotoxic activity of chitosan nanoparticles were confirmed by eosin exclusion and hemolysis activity tests. FTIR spectra, zeta potential (+42 ± 2.08) and PDI (0.388 ± 0.034) value revealed that the chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized. Significant differences among the scolicidal effects of chitosan nanoparticles were observed in comparison to the control treatments and highest scolicidal activity was observed at 1000 μg/ml after 180 min exposure time. Hemolytic activity was not significant at all concentrations of chitosan nanoparticles. Our findings support the hypothesis that Chitosan nanoparticles have the potential to be a safe and efficient scolicidal agent candidate at very low concentrations and in a wide range of exposure time. Further in vivo studies are recommended to evaluate chitosan nanoparticle efficacy before clinical application.

scholarly journals Silybum marianum ethanolic extract: in vitro effects on protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus G1 strain with emphasis on other Iranian medicinal plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Taghipour ◽  
Fatemeh Ghaffarifar ◽  
John Horton ◽  
Abdolhossein Dalimi ◽  
Zohreh Sharifi
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Silybum Marianum ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In Vitro Effects

Abstract Background Cystic echinococcosis (CE), is a parasitic zoonosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus) larvae in liver and lungs of both humans and animals. Surgical intervention is the mainstay for CE treatment, using scolicidal agents that inactivate live protoscolices. This study evaluated the scolicidal effects of Silybum marianum ethanolic extract and its combination with albendazole in vitro for the first time. Moreover, in a literature review, we investigated the effects of a wide range of Iranian medicinal plants on protoscolices of E. granulosus. Methods S. marianum ethanolic extract was prepared and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was used to establish the proportions of its component compounds in the extract. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in mouse macrophage cells (J774A.1 cell line) using MTT method. Next, the scolicidal activity of the extract alone and combined with albendazole was tested as triplicate at various concentrations incubated for 5, 10, 20, 30, and 60 min. Finally, protoscolex viability was determined using 0.1% eosin as a vital stain. PCR–RFLP and DNA sequencing techniques were used to characterize the genotype of E. granulosus. Results HPLC analysis showed that S. marianum ethanolic extract contained mostly silydianin (14.41%), isosilybin A (10.50%), and silychristin (10.46%). The greatest scolicidal effects were obtained with the combination of S. marianum with albendazole (79%), S. marianum ethanolic extract alone (77%) and albendazole (69%), at a concentration of 500 μg/ml for 60 min, respectively (P < 0.05). Molecular analysis showed that all the cysts used were G1 genotype. Conclusion The data suggest that S. marianum ethanolic extract is a potential scolicide in vitro; however, further investigations are required to determine its efficacy in vivo.

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