A Critical Analysis of the Trust Human Agents Have in Computational and Embodied AI

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Crompton
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Social Robotics ◽  
The Many ◽  
Epistemic Systems

The notion of trust has evolved to become one of the many nebulous buzzwords centering around AI. This paper aims at showing that, with regards to human influenceability through AI, trust in AI is to be seen as problematic. Based on the notion of socio-technical epistemic systems, I will argue that the trust human agents have in AI is strongly related to what could be understood as algorithmic authority. The second part of this paper will then translate the elaborated line of argument to the field of social robotics.

scholarly journals Classification and Performance of Biometric Authentication

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Dr. Vijeet Meshram ◽  
Dr. A.B. Sasankar
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Biometric Authentication ◽  
Biometric System ◽  
Authentication Schemes ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Many

Out of the many authentication schemes in this paper we are trying to focus on the performance and classification of one of the techniques of authentication that is the biometric authentication. Although efforts of the entire international biometric community, the measurement of accuracy of a biometric system is far to be completely investigated and, eventually, standardized. The paper presents a critical analysis of the measurement of an accuracy and performance of a biometric system.

scholarly journals Critical Analysis of the Composition Techniques and Devices Used in Troy Roberts' Album 'The XenDen Suite'

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Michael Victor Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
New Information ◽  
Musical Concepts ◽  
Musical Characteristics ◽  
The Many ◽  
And Function ◽  
Insight Into

<p>Troy Roberts is a jazz saxophonist, originally from Perth, West Australia. At present, no academic research has been done on Roberts’ compositions or playing, making this research project a positive way of contributing new information to the academic body of knowledge.   His album, ‘The Xen-Den Suite’ was chosen as the material best suited to provide insight into Roberts’ musicianship (particularly focussing on his compositional and arranging techniques), as it is both intellectually complex and also musically innovative. The aim of the study was to identify and describe the use of various techniques and devices (including their relevance, purpose and function) present in Roberts’ music. Through this study, this researcher attempted to gain a basic overview of Roberts’ musical characteristics, with the objective to be able to utilise this information to further this researcher’s musical development (including compositions, arrangements and saxophone playing).  The findings were useful for direct application (i.e. the techniques could be used in the same manner as they appeared in the XenDen Suite, and could therefore be immediately applied to other areas such as composition, arrangement and improvisation), but the many different ways in which the techniques were used compositionally by Roberts provided a more insightful look into broader musical concepts, and their application.</p>

Maxine Jacobson, Modern Orthodoxy in American Judaism: The Era of Rabbi Leo Jung. Boston: Academic Studies Press, 2016. 250 pp.

2020 ◽  
pp. 294-296
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Orthodox Jews ◽  
Orthodox Judaism ◽  
Jewish Immigrant ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
American Judaism ◽  
German Jewish ◽  
The Many ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Modern Orthodox

The premise of this book, actually based on an article I published in 1982, is that rabbis can serve as indicators of the Orthodoxy they serve. In her examination of a once-dominant group within Orthodox Judaism, the so-called “Modern Orthodox,” Maxine Jacobson focuses on Rabbi Dr. Leo Jung, a German Jewish immigrant to America who became a prominent spokesman and exemplar of these Jews. Admitting that a precise definition of Modern Orthodoxy is elusive and that even many of those who came to be associated with this worldview and its allied behaviors were uncomfortable with the term (nor did they all agree on its parameters), Jacobson falls back on metaphor: “The Modern Orthodox Jew has been pulled in two directions” (p. 10). Those two directions are defined by Jacobson as either “not religious enough” or “not modern enough” (p. 10). Effectively, Modern Orthodoxy hoped to harmonize these two opposites, having relationships of respect with non-Jews and embracing the larger surrounding open culture, while remaining conscientiously observant. In contrast, Jacobson notes, “the Ultra-Orthodox group seeks to exclude” all that is different from it (p. 11). Nothing new here. The many faces of Orthodoxy have been more or less defined, from almost the first days that Orthodox Jews were subject to critical analysis, by a variety of observers, including myself....

Minimalist architectures

1999 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER W. CULICOVER
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Universal Grammar ◽  
Conceptual Structure ◽  
Minimalist Program ◽  
Language Faculty ◽  
Language And Thought ◽  
The Many ◽  
Conceptual Foundations ◽  
Historical Antecedents

Ray Jackendoff, The architecture of the language faculty. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997. Pp. xiv+262.In The architecture of the language faculty Jackendoff responds to the Minimalist Program (MP) of Chomsky (1995). There are three major themes: the conceptual foundations of MP and its historical antecedents; the interfaces between syntactic structure, phonetic structure and conceptual structure, and the nature of the lexicon. The basic approach is that of Jackendoff (1983, 1990), with roots going back at least as far as Jackendoff 1975. In the first chapter Jackendoff sets out the more or less standard views about universal grammar and subjects them to a critical analysis. Chapters 2–4 focus on the various ‘interfaces’ between levels of representation, and on how the interface relations are reified in individual lexical entries. Chapters 5–7 explore the properties of various types of lexical entries and the relations between them. Chapter 8 concludes with a speculative essay on the relation between language and thought.This book is a rich compilation of observations, analyses, suggestions, perspectives, speculations and proposals. One could easily write a review at least as long as the book, developing and responding to the many ideas that it contains. Since space here is limited, I will concentrate on the main conceptual and foundational issues that are addressed by the book. In many ways, Jackendoff's work points to significant departures from classical perspectives on the organization of grammar. I will focus some attention on those areas where even more radical steps might be worth pursuing.

The Cycle of Summons: A Hymn from the Seventh Song of the Sabbath Sacrifice (4Q403 1i 31–40)

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noam Mizrahi
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Poetic Structure ◽  
The Many ◽  
Theological Message

The article investigates, by way of close reading, the literary unit that opens the seventh among the Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice. The study begins with a text-critical analysis of the poem based on its extant witnesses, including the many corrections contained in its best preserved copy (4Q403 1i 31–40). It then advances a new proposal concerning the poetic structure of the text, relying on linguistic and stylistic evidence. The literary delineation allows one to discern the generic characteristics of the poem, which place it within the tradition of scriptural hymns. These form-critical insights form the basis for a renewed and nuanced appreciation of the theological message of the hymn.

scholarly journals Critical Analysis of the Composition Techniques and Devices Used in Troy Roberts' Album 'The XenDen Suite'

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Michael Victor Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
New Information ◽  
Musical Concepts ◽  
Musical Characteristics ◽  
The Many ◽  
And Function ◽  
Insight Into

<p>Troy Roberts is a jazz saxophonist, originally from Perth, West Australia. At present, no academic research has been done on Roberts’ compositions or playing, making this research project a positive way of contributing new information to the academic body of knowledge.   His album, ‘The Xen-Den Suite’ was chosen as the material best suited to provide insight into Roberts’ musicianship (particularly focussing on his compositional and arranging techniques), as it is both intellectually complex and also musically innovative. The aim of the study was to identify and describe the use of various techniques and devices (including their relevance, purpose and function) present in Roberts’ music. Through this study, this researcher attempted to gain a basic overview of Roberts’ musical characteristics, with the objective to be able to utilise this information to further this researcher’s musical development (including compositions, arrangements and saxophone playing).  The findings were useful for direct application (i.e. the techniques could be used in the same manner as they appeared in the XenDen Suite, and could therefore be immediately applied to other areas such as composition, arrangement and improvisation), but the many different ways in which the techniques were used compositionally by Roberts provided a more insightful look into broader musical concepts, and their application.</p>

scholarly journals What criterion should define African philosophy

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Peter Bisong Bisong
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
African Philosophy ◽  
Philosophical Method ◽  
Perceived Importance ◽  
The Many

The question of what criterion is to be used to map out African from non-African philosophy has occupied the minds of scholars for some time now. The debate wax stronger and unfortunately, I am drafted to it now. My decision to join the debate is due to the perceived importance of getting the criterion for African philosophy right. A faulty criterion would amount to a weakened foundation for African philosophy. It would also set the stage for a bleak future for African philosophy. This research using the philosophical method of critical analysis, examined the many proposed criteria for African Philosophy and found them wanting and on the heels of that, set a criterion that would overcome their limitations.

On the origin of linguistic norms: Orthography, ideology and the first constitutional challenge to the 1996 reform of German

2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
SALLY JOHNSON
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ideological Debate ◽  
Federal Constitutional ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Way

This article explores one aspect of the many public protests surrounding the 1996 reform of German orthography: the first in a series of legal challenges, which was brought before the Federal Constitutional Court in May 1996. The first section begins by proposing how and why such protests can be usefully theorized in terms of Blommaert's (1999) concept of a “language ideological debate,” and then describes the historical background essential for an understanding of this legal dispute. The second section focuses on a critical analysis of the case brought against the reform, looking at the details of the challenge itself, together with the justification for its rejection by the Constitutional Court. The third section considers what this dispute can tell us about debates over the perceived origin of orthographic norms, with particular reference to the ideological relationship between individual, speech community, and (nation-)state. Finally, there is a brief summary of the way in which the matter was finally – albeit unsatisfactorily – resolved in 1998–1999.

scholarly journals Disputes Over the Concept of Ecological Economics and Environmental Economics in the Light of the Works of Professor Tomasz Żylicz

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (55) ◽  
pp. 201-211
Author(s):  
Stanisław Czaja
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Economics ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Paper Analysis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The problem of the concept of ecological and environmental economics and the relationship between them is the vital research problem in modern economics. The presentation of disputes in this respect is the subject of the presented article. For obvious, substantive and non-substantive reasons, the scientific views of Professor Tomasz Żylicz will be the central axis. The purpose of the topic presented in this paper analysis is not to settle the controversy but to present the dispute using the views of some discussion participants, especially the comments formulated by Professor Tomasz Żylicz. The research method is based on a critical analysis of the literature and desktop research. Conclusion 1: The problem of understanding ecological and environmental economics is just one of the many important issues that can be found in the works of Professor Tomasz Żylicz. Conclusion 2: This problem is connected with very interesting theoretical, cognitive and terminological issues and practical issues related to the implemented environmental policies or sustainable development strategies at their various levels.

scholarly journals Bioética e início da vida. Um estudo sobre tendências paradigmáticas

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (293) ◽  
pp. 33-49
Author(s):  
Maria Emília de Oliveira Schpallir Silva ◽  
Márcio Fabri dos Anjos ◽  
Franklin Leopoldo e Silva
Keyword(s):  
Human Embryo ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Basic Question ◽  
Absolute Position ◽  
Ethical Duty ◽  
Ethical Debate ◽  
De Se ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Many

O debate ético sobre o início da vida humana tem como questão básica a partir de qual momento da formação do novo ser humano se deve (dever ético) dar qual proteção. Por meio de uma análise crítica multidisciplinar, este trabalho explicita algumas tendências paradigmáticas de argumentação ética sobre a proteção à vida humana em sua fase embrionária e fetal e avalia a plausibilidade dos argumentos de cada uma delas, com o objetivo de determinar o estágio em que a vida humana deva ser (dever ético) defensável. Partindo dos diversos campos epistêmicos, biológico, filosófico, antropológico, e sociológico, faz uma reflexão sobre o status do embrião humano, respeitando a multidisciplinaridade que deve orientar o discurso bioético. A partir das três maneiras básicas de se entender o status do embrião: posição absoluta, evolutiva ou relacional, aprofunda a argumentação da posição absoluta, concluindo que a escolha da argumentação que melhor responde à questão proposta deve ser pautada pela prudência.Abstracts:The ethical debate about the beginning of human life has the basic question which from the time of formation of the new human being should (ethical duty) which give you protection. Through a multidisciplinary critical analysis of the arguments used it explicits some paradigmatic ethical argumentation trends on the protection of human life in its embryonic and fetal stages and assesses the plausibility of the arguments of each of them in order to determine the at which stage human life should be (moral duty) protected. Based on the many epistemic, biological, philosophical, anthropological, and sociological fields, the paper thinks over the status of the human embryo, respecting the multidisciplinarity that should guide the bioethical discourse. From the three basic ways to understand the status of the embryo: absolute, evolutionary or relational position, it deepens the argument of absolute position concluding that the choice of the argument that best answers the question proposed shall be guided by prudence.Keywords: Bioethics. Human embryo. Multidisciplinary.

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