Evolutionary patterns of Italian industrial districts

1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-129
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Corò ◽  
Roberto Grandinetti
Keyword(s):  
Closed System ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Local System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Industrial Districts ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
The Past ◽  
Opening Up

This paper describes the results of a survey that was carried out in nineteen industrial districts in Italy. The data collected clearly show that the districts examined are undergoing a period of transition towards configurations that diverge from the neo-Marshallian model. In the past, industrial districts functioned as rather closed local networks whose only points of contact outside their confines were established at the extremities of the district system of value. This closure to the outside environment has certainly not inhibited, until the last years, the competitive advantage of the industrial districts or the firms that operate inside them. Today, on the other hand, the competitiveness of closed local networks has to meet the increasing level of globalization in the economy. The key transformation observed in all the districts included in the survey is the opening-up of the local system of value that goes beyond the mere acquisition of raw materials or the sale of goods. In other words, the districts are relating more and more with external holders of knowledge and resources, transforming a relatively closed system of exchange at local level into something rather different.

Industrial district responses to the network economy: vertical integration versus pluralist global exploration

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-199
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Corò ◽  
Roberto Grandinetti
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Integration ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Local System ◽  
Industrial Districts ◽  
Industrial District ◽  
Network Economy ◽  
Major Purpose ◽  
North East ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Opening Up

The major purpose of this paper is to discuss the impact of global networking on Italian industrial districts (IDs). Today, in many Italian IDs we can observe a trend towards opening up the local system of value and moving beyond the pre-existent links, which district firms had little control over and were basically limited to the purchase of raw materials and the sale of finished products. These IDs are becoming an integral part of a network economy. The opening up process is particularly evident in several areas of north-east Italy. Our analysis is based on four empirical cases and indicates the IDs have responded in different ways to the change in the competitive environment.

Statistics and Economic History

1941 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Kuznets
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Study ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Economic Inquiry ◽  
Analytical Tools

This paper deals with the relation between statistical analysis as applied in economic inquiry and history as written or interpreted by economic historians. Although both these branches of economic study derive from the same body of raw materials of inquiry—the recordable past and present of economic society—each has developed in comparative isolation from the other. Statistical economists have failed to utilize adequately the contributions that economic historians have made to our knowledge of the past; and historians have rarely employed either the analytical tools or the basic theoretical hypotheses of statistical research. It is the thesis of this essay that such failure to effect a close interrelation between historical approach and statistical analysis needs to be corrected in the light of the final goal of economic study.

The Indian Loom, Climate Change, and Democracy

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-240
Author(s):  
Uzramma
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Cotton Lint ◽  
The Past ◽  
Small Scales ◽  
History Of

Abstract Weaving on the handloom in India remains in the twenty-first century a large industry practiced by several million people, including, besides weavers themselves, others engaged in supporting activities. Indian hand weaving is a potentially viable ecological textile industry for the future, particularly if factors such as environmental damage and social costs are included in measuring viability. However, Indian hand weaving suffers from the perception that it is a relic of the past. Too, in the market it is undercut by cheaply made machine-produced cloth fraudulently sold as handmade. Research into the history of hand weaving revealed that there were two distinct modes of production, one in which expensive cloth was made for the elite, and another in which ordinary cloth was made for ordinary people. Since the making of expensive fabrics needed expensive raw materials, the weavers were dependent on an investor to supply these materials, creating a hierarchic dependency. The vernacular production of cloth, on the other hand, was democratic with lateral relations between the different stages of production. Malkha has simplified spinning by avoiding bale-pressing cotton lint, a technology introduced in colonial times to carry cotton long distances from the field. Malkha spinning centers are substantially smaller in size than conventional mills, closer to the small scales of Indian cotton farming and hand weaving.

scholarly journals II.—Notes on the Relations of the Rhætic Beds to the Lower Lias and Keuper Formations in Somersetshire

1872 ◽  
Vol 9 (95) ◽  
pp. 196-202
Author(s):  
Horace B. Woodward ◽  
J. H. Blake
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Opening Up

It would at first sight seem superfluous that anything more should be written upon the relations of the Rhætic Beds in England, for during the past twelve years they have received so much attention—the principal sections have been described, and the beds have been well and successfully searched for fossils. But whilst there has been no lack of petrological and palæontological evidence,—and we ought to be very thankful to railway companies in the western counties for opening up so many fine sections,—still it is somewhat astonishing to remark, there has been and there still appears to be a considerable diversity of opinion on the subject of the relations of the beds. Some authorities have placed them with the Lias, others with the Trias; some regard them as quite an independent formation, others as passage-beds belonging as much to the one as to the other.

scholarly journals Using an online platform for the improvement of industrial symbiosis and circular economy (in Western Macedonia, Greece)

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-81
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Industrial Ecology ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Industrial Symbiosis ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Life Project

<p>The part of industrial ecology known as industrial symbiosis engages traditionally separate industries in a collective approach to competitive advantage involving physical exchange of materials, energy, water and by-products (Dounavis et al. 2015, Dounavis et al. 2016, Ravindran and Jaiswal 2016, Kourmentza et al. 2018, Keskisaari and Kärki 2018, Ayadi et al. 2018). The keys to industrial symbiosis are collaboration and the synergistic possibilities offered by geographic proximity. Industrial symbiosis includes initiatives in which two or more industrial entities develop both beneficial relationships and the circular economy (Chowdhury et al. 2018). Since, the symbiosis encourages the sustainable development and promotes the economy growth (de Jesus et al. 2018). This paper presents an online industrial symbiosis and circular economy platform created by a LIFE project (still ongoing) which aims to demonstrate the usefulness of a digital on-line platform at European level for the cataloguing, use and exploitation of industrial waste produced in a local area in order to improve the overall performance of industrial processes and circular economy in a local level. All this will happen both through the increased use of waste within the area itself and by the less dependence on the disposal of waste to be disposed of, taking into account the reduction of used raw materials and the reduction of waste itself. The platform will be created through the European LIFE M3P Project (Material Match Making Platform for the promotion of the use of industrial waste in local networks) which is still on-going and ends at the end of September 2019.</p>

scholarly journals Reversing the Past. Municipal Splits in Slovakia After 1989

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
Peter Spáč
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Limited Role ◽  
Other Hand

Abstract The research on territorial reforms on the local level has so far focused on municipal amalgamations. However, less is known about municipal splits – a phenomenon that is less frequent, but that occurred in several European countries in recent decades. This paper deals with municipal splits in Slovakia after 1989, and it examines a set of factors that supported municipalities in their effort to obtain independence. The findings show that the massive wave of splits that began shortly after 1989 was primarily motivated by the aim of reversing the consequences of the amalgamation that had been conducted by the Communist regime. Hence, the question of identity was the main trigger leading to municipal splits. On the other hand, the analysis found that economic factors had only a limited role in the establishing of new municipalities in Slovakia.

East Africa. Some Problems in Native Economic Development and a Possible Solution in Co-Operative Societies

Africa ◽  
1933 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Bryant Mumford
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Abuse Of Power ◽  
The Past ◽  
European Culture ◽  
The People ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Careful Thought ◽  
European Civilization

A well-known native in Tanganyika Territory was asked one day what would be left of European civilization in Africa if the Europeans left the country to-morrow. He replied unhesitatingly, ‘Football’. His reply was probably onlyintended to mean that this element of European culture made a very special appeal to him. Nevertheless, considering his comment as a suggestive, though unconscious criticism, there is perhaps sufficient truth in the remark to merit careful thought. Such thought and a cursory survey of the conditions under which vast numbers of natives live to-day, compared with those under which they lived prior to the advent of the European, is not very encouraging. It is true that the country is governed in peace, which was not so in the past, and abuse of power by the chiefs has been reduced to a negligible quantity. It is true that railways have been built, opening up the country. It is true that under the recently developed native self-administration, political self-realization and reawakened pride of tribe are becoming increasingly evident. Especially are all these things true of the advanced tribes of Nyasaland, Uganda, Bukoba, and Moshi. For these tribes and a scattered number of regularly employed natives, such as clerks and teachers, there has been progress towards economic standards. The people are comparatively wealthy, well provided with blankets, lamps, soap, and similar ‘luxuries’, and live healthier, more comfortable lives than their forefathers. On the other hand, the subjects of many of the other tribes, and in some instances even the chiefs themselves, still live in huts which would often be better described as hovels.

scholarly journals Hunting on the coast: An image gallery of Rompecráneos

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Soledad Cañete Mastrángelo
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
The Other ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Similar Morphology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lithic Artifact ◽  
Patagonian Coast ◽  
Lithic Raw Materials

The Rompecráneo is a special kind of lithic artifact which was, presumably, involved in the capture of pinnipeds carried out along the Patagonian coast of Argentina during prehistoric times. Recent papers had offered some information about their morphology but up to now they are poorly studied. In order to offset this situation in a previous work we addressed their role in hunting technics developed at the archaeological locality of Punta Entrada (Santa Cruz, Argentina). This allowed us to propose that rompecráneos were used in combination with spears when hunting on the coast. With the aim of expanding this information, here we present an image gallery of some rompecráneos recovered there. Two of these pieces share a similar morphology but were made of different lithic raw materials. The other one has the appearance of a bola stone but its weight is higher than other bola stones in Patagonia. That is why it is considered a different kind of artifact. The importance of studying these kinds of artifacts is that they have the potential of providing information about the way people interacted with the different resources (biotic and abiotic) in the past so that a better understanding of human behavior can be developed.   Gallery Figure 1. Geographic location of Punta Entrada. Figure 2. Rompecráneo made of andesite. The base can be seen in the lower part of the image. Weight: 593 g. Figure 3. Different view of the rompecráneo shown in Figure 2 Figure 4. Rompecráneo made of coquina. The base can be seen in the lower part of the image. Weight: 421 g. Figure 5. Different view of the rompecráneo shown in Figure 3. Figure 6. Bola stone made of andesite. Weight:1.476 kg. Figure 7. Detail of the groove of the bola stone shown in Figure 6 Figure 8. Context of recovery of bola stone presented in Figure 6.  

scholarly journals HISTORICITY AND GENDER HEROISM IN OLA ROTIMI’S HOPES OF THE LIVING DEAD

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tunji Azeez ◽  
Babafemi Babatope
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
The Other ◽  
African Women ◽  
The Past ◽  
Living Dead ◽  
And Gender

The intercourse of history and Drama is an age long phenomenon. On one hand, the evolution and the various developmental stages of drama find expression in history. On the other hand, historical occurrences provided and still provide raw materials for drama. Historically, women have been represented in drama since the beginning of literary tradition. Aristophanes (410 BC) represented Greek women, reflecting the strength and weakness of women and more importantly the role of women in nation building. Shakespeare and Webster portray women substantially in their plays. Nigerian playwrights are not left out in the scheme, as they employ the instrumentality of history to dramatise traits of legendry Nigeria women and thus preserve their heroic deeds for the prosperity of posterity. This paper interrogates the interplay of history and gender heroism in Ola Rotimi’s play, Hopes of the Living Dead. The framework for this discourse is “Stiwanism”, the African expression of feminism. The paper argues that Ola Rotimi, in a bid to celebrate African women does not create a fictitious personality with fabricated legendary deeds, but falls back on history to showcase the legendary and heroic nature of African women. History, therefore, enhances the tangibility of gender heroism as dramatised by Ola Rotimi in the play. We conclude that, in Hopes of the Living Dead, Ola Rotimi employs history to unearth the past, thereby reconstructing the present and taking a peep into the future about what is expected of the African women as leaders and co-workers in social and political re-engineering.

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

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