scholarly journals Hunting on the coast: An image gallery of Rompecráneos

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Soledad Cañete Mastrángelo
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
The Other ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Similar Morphology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lithic Artifact ◽  
Patagonian Coast ◽  
Lithic Raw Materials

The Rompecráneo is a special kind of lithic artifact which was, presumably, involved in the capture of pinnipeds carried out along the Patagonian coast of Argentina during prehistoric times. Recent papers had offered some information about their morphology but up to now they are poorly studied. In order to offset this situation in a previous work we addressed their role in hunting technics developed at the archaeological locality of Punta Entrada (Santa Cruz, Argentina). This allowed us to propose that rompecráneos were used in combination with spears when hunting on the coast. With the aim of expanding this information, here we present an image gallery of some rompecráneos recovered there. Two of these pieces share a similar morphology but were made of different lithic raw materials. The other one has the appearance of a bola stone but its weight is higher than other bola stones in Patagonia. That is why it is considered a different kind of artifact. The importance of studying these kinds of artifacts is that they have the potential of providing information about the way people interacted with the different resources (biotic and abiotic) in the past so that a better understanding of human behavior can be developed.   Gallery Figure 1. Geographic location of Punta Entrada. Figure 2. Rompecráneo made of andesite. The base can be seen in the lower part of the image. Weight: 593 g. Figure 3. Different view of the rompecráneo shown in Figure 2 Figure 4. Rompecráneo made of coquina. The base can be seen in the lower part of the image. Weight: 421 g. Figure 5. Different view of the rompecráneo shown in Figure 3. Figure 6. Bola stone made of andesite. Weight:1.476 kg. Figure 7. Detail of the groove of the bola stone shown in Figure 6 Figure 8. Context of recovery of bola stone presented in Figure 6.  

Statistics and Economic History

1941 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Kuznets
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Study ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Economic Inquiry ◽  
Analytical Tools

This paper deals with the relation between statistical analysis as applied in economic inquiry and history as written or interpreted by economic historians. Although both these branches of economic study derive from the same body of raw materials of inquiry—the recordable past and present of economic society—each has developed in comparative isolation from the other. Statistical economists have failed to utilize adequately the contributions that economic historians have made to our knowledge of the past; and historians have rarely employed either the analytical tools or the basic theoretical hypotheses of statistical research. It is the thesis of this essay that such failure to effect a close interrelation between historical approach and statistical analysis needs to be corrected in the light of the final goal of economic study.

The Indian Loom, Climate Change, and Democracy

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-240
Author(s):  
Uzramma
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Cotton Lint ◽  
The Past ◽  
Small Scales ◽  
History Of

Abstract Weaving on the handloom in India remains in the twenty-first century a large industry practiced by several million people, including, besides weavers themselves, others engaged in supporting activities. Indian hand weaving is a potentially viable ecological textile industry for the future, particularly if factors such as environmental damage and social costs are included in measuring viability. However, Indian hand weaving suffers from the perception that it is a relic of the past. Too, in the market it is undercut by cheaply made machine-produced cloth fraudulently sold as handmade. Research into the history of hand weaving revealed that there were two distinct modes of production, one in which expensive cloth was made for the elite, and another in which ordinary cloth was made for ordinary people. Since the making of expensive fabrics needed expensive raw materials, the weavers were dependent on an investor to supply these materials, creating a hierarchic dependency. The vernacular production of cloth, on the other hand, was democratic with lateral relations between the different stages of production. Malkha has simplified spinning by avoiding bale-pressing cotton lint, a technology introduced in colonial times to carry cotton long distances from the field. Malkha spinning centers are substantially smaller in size than conventional mills, closer to the small scales of Indian cotton farming and hand weaving.

scholarly journals Mapping a Novaculite Quarry in Hot Springs National Park

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary B. Trubitt
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
National Park ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Ouachita Mountains ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lithic Raw Materials ◽  
Materials Used

Novaculite quarries in the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas and Oklahoma were created through largescale extraction of lithic raw materials, used for stone tools by Caddos and other Native Americans over the past 11,000 years and in recent centuries by Euro-Americans for whetstones. Quarry sites are characterized by surface features like large pits. trenches, battered boulders, and debris piles. This article summarizes the results of an Arkansas Archeological Survey research project that described and mapped surface features at one site (3GA22J to provide a better understanding of the problems and potential of documenting novaculite quarries.

Evolutionary patterns of Italian industrial districts

1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-129
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Corò ◽  
Roberto Grandinetti
Keyword(s):  
Closed System ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Local System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Industrial Districts ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
The Past ◽  
Opening Up

This paper describes the results of a survey that was carried out in nineteen industrial districts in Italy. The data collected clearly show that the districts examined are undergoing a period of transition towards configurations that diverge from the neo-Marshallian model. In the past, industrial districts functioned as rather closed local networks whose only points of contact outside their confines were established at the extremities of the district system of value. This closure to the outside environment has certainly not inhibited, until the last years, the competitive advantage of the industrial districts or the firms that operate inside them. Today, on the other hand, the competitiveness of closed local networks has to meet the increasing level of globalization in the economy. The key transformation observed in all the districts included in the survey is the opening-up of the local system of value that goes beyond the mere acquisition of raw materials or the sale of goods. In other words, the districts are relating more and more with external holders of knowledge and resources, transforming a relatively closed system of exchange at local level into something rather different.

The Bostrom Site: A Paleo-Indian Habitation in Southwestern Illinois

1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth B. Tankersley ◽  
Brad Koldehoff ◽  
Edwin R. Hajic
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Subsistence Strategy ◽  
Source Areas ◽  
Early Archaic ◽  
Lithic Raw Materials ◽  
Tool Types ◽  
Dramatic Fall

Recent investigations at the Bostrom site in southwestern Illinois demonstrate that the site was occupied by at least three successive groups of Paleo-Indians: Clovis, Gainey, and Holcombe. Of the artifacts for which lithic raw materials were identified, Clovis tools are manufactured from stone that was procured up to 1500 km from the site. Gainey and Holcombe artifacts, on the other hand, are manufactured from stone whose source areas occur within a radius of 300 km from the site. Early Archaic, Dalton artifacts are manufactured from stone procured within 150 km of the site. These lithic resource procurement patterns suggest that there is a dramatic fall-off in mobility, social interaction, or both, after the initial peopling of the area. The presence of Great Lakes and Northeastern tool types at this southerly latitude suggests that the Gainey and Holcombe economies were much broader than the stereotypical model of a caribou-based subsistence strategy.

scholarly journals HISTORICITY AND GENDER HEROISM IN OLA ROTIMI’S HOPES OF THE LIVING DEAD

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tunji Azeez ◽  
Babafemi Babatope
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
The Other ◽  
African Women ◽  
The Past ◽  
Living Dead ◽  
And Gender

The intercourse of history and Drama is an age long phenomenon. On one hand, the evolution and the various developmental stages of drama find expression in history. On the other hand, historical occurrences provided and still provide raw materials for drama. Historically, women have been represented in drama since the beginning of literary tradition. Aristophanes (410 BC) represented Greek women, reflecting the strength and weakness of women and more importantly the role of women in nation building. Shakespeare and Webster portray women substantially in their plays. Nigerian playwrights are not left out in the scheme, as they employ the instrumentality of history to dramatise traits of legendry Nigeria women and thus preserve their heroic deeds for the prosperity of posterity. This paper interrogates the interplay of history and gender heroism in Ola Rotimi’s play, Hopes of the Living Dead. The framework for this discourse is “Stiwanism”, the African expression of feminism. The paper argues that Ola Rotimi, in a bid to celebrate African women does not create a fictitious personality with fabricated legendary deeds, but falls back on history to showcase the legendary and heroic nature of African women. History, therefore, enhances the tangibility of gender heroism as dramatised by Ola Rotimi in the play. We conclude that, in Hopes of the Living Dead, Ola Rotimi employs history to unearth the past, thereby reconstructing the present and taking a peep into the future about what is expected of the African women as leaders and co-workers in social and political re-engineering.

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

Applications of Through-Focus Dark Field Image Shifts to Phase Identification

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 178-179
Author(s):  
Prakash Rao
Keyword(s):  
Dark Field Image ◽  
Thin Foil ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stereo Image ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
The Past ◽  
Field Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dark Field Electron ◽  
Recent Extension

Image shifts in out-of-focus dark field images have been used in the past to determine, for example, epitaxial relationships in thin films. A recent extension of the use of dark field image shifts has been to out-of-focus images in conjunction with stereoviewing to produce an artificial stereo image effect. The technique, called through-focus dark field electron microscopy or 2-1/2D microscopy, basically involves obtaining two beam-tilted dark field images such that one is slightly over-focus and the other slightly under-focus, followed by examination of the two images through a conventional stereoviewer. The elevation differences so produced are usually unrelated to object positions in the thin foil and no specimen tilting is required.In order to produce this artificial stereo effect for the purpose of phase separation and identification, it is first necessary to select a region of the diffraction pattern containing more than just one discrete spot, with the objective aperture.

‘Newness which never perishes’? Schoenberg’s ambivalent reception of Haydn

2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 215-224
Author(s):  
Alexander Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Musical Style ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Future ◽  
Music Tradition

This paper explores Arnold Schoenberg’s curious ambivalence towards Haydn. Schoenberg recognized Haydn as an important figure in the German serious music tradition, but never closely examined or clearly articulated Haydn’s influence and import on his own musical style and ethos, as he did with many other major composers. This paper argues that Schoenberg failed to explicitly recognize Haydn as a major influence because he saw Haydn as he saw himself, namely as a somewhat ungainly, paradoxical figure, with one foot in the past and one in the future. In his voluminous writings on music, Haydn is mentioned by Schoenberg far less frequently than Bach, Mozart, or Beethoven, and his music appears rarely as examples in Schoenberg’s theoretical texts. When Schoenberg does talk about Haydn’s music, he invokes — with tacit negativity — its accessibility, counterpoising it with more recondite music, such as Beethoven’s, or his own. On the other hand, Schoenberg also praises Haydn for his complex, irregular phrasing and harmonic exploration. Haydn thus appears in Schoenberg’s writings as a figure invested with ambivalence: a key member of the First Viennese triumvirate, but at the same time he is curiously phantasmal, and is accorded a peripheral place in Schoenberg’s version of the canon and his own musical genealogy.

Economic Performance and Public Finance in Kenya, 1960-2010

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kempe Ronald Hope
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Emerging Economy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Government Investment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Private Savings ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Real Growth

Countries with positive per capita real growth are characterised by positive national savings—including government savings, increases in government investment, and strong increases in private savings and investment. On the other hand, countries with negative per capita real growth tend to be characterised by declines in savings and investment. During the past several decades, Kenya’s emerging economy has undergone many changes and economic performance has been epitomised by periods of stability, decline, or unevenness. This article discusses and analyses the record of economic performance and public finance in Kenya during the period 1960‒2010, as well as policies and other factors that have influenced that record in this emerging economy. 

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