Variability in fruit traits and anthocyanin content among and within populations of underutilized Patagonian species Berberis microphylla G. Forst.

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Miriam E Arena ◽  
Edgardo Giordani ◽  
Gimena Bustamante ◽  
Silvia Radice
Keyword(s):  
Central Area ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Tierra Del Fuego ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Fruit Traits ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Wild Accessions ◽  
Patagonian Forest

BACKGROUND: The Berberis microphylla (calafate) is an evergreen shrub considered a non-timber product from the Patagonian forest, relevant for the diversification of agrifood production, particularly interesting since its black–blue fruits are extremely rich in phenolic compounds. OBJECTIVE: The main objectives were to: (1) quantify the variability of fruit traits, anthocyanin content, efficiency of the reproductive shoots and leaf nutrient content within the set of 34 B. microphylla wild accessions from Tierra del Fuego Island, Argentina, (2) calculate the coefficients of correlation between variables and (3) detect relationships between the genotypes. METHODS: Plants growing near Ushuaia city (n = 12), bordering Fagnano lake (n = 12) and central area of the Tierra del Fuego Island (n = 10) were selected. RESULTS: A significant variability in fruit traits, anthocyanin content and the efficiency of reproductive shoots among and within the three populations was assessed, a result with great relevance for breeding purposes. Phenotypic plasticity was related with the environmental conditions, i.e. air temperatures for each population during the three monitored growing seasons. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, results indicate that yearly environmental factors play a relevant role in phenotypic variation of both individual plants and populations, thus confirming the complexity of wild species evolution and domestication processes.

scholarly journals Genotype-Dependent Tipburn Severity During Lettuce Hydroponic Culture Is Associated with Altered Nutrient Leaf Content

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 616
Author(s):  
Virginia Birlanga ◽  
José Ramón Acosta-Motos ◽  
José Manuel Pérez-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Hydroponic Cultivation ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Nutrient Solutions ◽  
Nutrient Traits

Cultivated lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is one of the most important leafy vegetables in the world, and most of the production is concentrated in the Mediterranean Basin. Hydroponics has been successfully utilized for lettuce cultivation, which could contribute to the diversification of production methods and the reduction of water consumption and excessive fertilization. We devised a low-cost procedure for closed hydroponic cultivation and easy phenotyping of root and shoot attributes of lettuce. We studied 12 lettuce genotypes of the crisphead and oak-leaf subtypes, which differed on their tipburn resistance, for three growing seasons (Fall, Winter, and Spring). We found interesting genotype × environment (G × E) interactions for some of the studied traits during early growth. By analyzing tipburn incidence and leaf nutrient content, we were able to identify a number of nutrient traits that were highly correlated with cultivar- and genotype-dependent tipburn. Our experimental setup will allow evaluating different lettuce genotypes in defined nutrient solutions to select for tipburn-tolerant and highly productive genotypes that are suitable for hydroponics.

scholarly journals Seasonal dynamics of methane emissions from a subarctic fen in the Hudson Bay Lowlands

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 4465-4479 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Hanis ◽  
M. Tenuta ◽  
B. D. Amiro ◽  
T. N. Papakyriakou
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Surface Soil Temperature ◽  
Filling Method ◽  
Highly Correlated

Abstract. Ecosystem-scale methane (CH4) flux (FCH4) over a subarctic fen at Churchill, Manitoba, Canada was measured to understand the magnitude of emissions during spring and fall shoulder seasons, and the growing season in relation to physical and biological conditions. FCH4 was measured using eddy covariance with a closed-path analyser in four years (2008–2011). Cumulative measured annual FCH4 (shoulder plus growing seasons) ranged from 3.0 to 9.6 g CH4 m−2 yr−1 among the four study years, with a mean of 6.5 to 7.1 g CH4 m−2 yr−1 depending upon gap-filling method. Soil temperatures to depths of 50 cm and air temperature were highly correlated with FCH4, with near-surface soil temperature at 5 cm most correlated across spring, fall, and the shoulder and growing seasons. The response of FCH4 to soil temperature at the 5 cm depth and air temperature was more than double in spring to that of fall. Emission episodes were generally not observed during spring thaw. Growing season emissions also depended upon soil and air temperatures but the water table also exerted influence, with FCH4 highest when water was 2–13 cm below and lowest when it was at or above the mean peat surface.

scholarly journals Isolate-Dependent Inheritance of Resistance Against Pseudoperonospora cubensis in Cucumber

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomer Chen ◽  
Daniel Katz ◽  
Yariv Ben Naim ◽  
Rivka Hammer ◽  
Bat Hen Ben Daniel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Segregation Ratio ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Pseudoperonospora Cubensis ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Multiple Phenotypes ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Wild Accessions ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Six wild accessions of Cucumis sativum were evaluated for resistance against each of the 23 isolates of the downy mildew oomycete Pseudoperonospora cubensis. The isolates originated from Israel, Europe, USA, and Asia. C. sativum PI 197088 (India) and PI 330628 (Pakistan) exhibited the highest level of resistance against multiple isolates of P. cubensis. Resistance was manifested as reduced lesion number, lesion size, sporangiophores and sporangia per lesion and enhanced encasement of haustoria with callose and intensive accumulation of lignin in lesions of both Plant Introductions (PIs) compared to the susceptible C. sativum SMR-18. In the field, much smaller AUDPC (Area Under Disease Progress Curve) values were recorded in PI 197088 or PI 330628 as compared to SMR-18. Each PI was crossed with SMR-18 and offspring progeny plants were exposed to inoculation with each of several isolates of P. cubensis in growth chambers and the field during six growing seasons. F1 plants showed partial resistance. F2 plants showed multiple phenotypes ranging from highly susceptible (S) to highly resistant (R, no symptoms) including moderately resistant (MR) phenotypes. The segregation ratio between phenotypes in growth chambers ranged from 3:1 to 1:15, depending on the isolate used for inoculation, suggesting that the number of genes, dominant, partially dominant, or recessive are responsible for resistance. In the field, the segregation ratio of 1:15, 1:14:1, or 1:9:6 was observed. F2 progeny plants of the cross between the two resistant PI’s were resistant, except for a few plants that were partially susceptible, suggesting that some of the resistance genes in PI 197088 and PI 330328 are not allelic.

scholarly journals Upland rice gas exchange, nutrient uptake and grain yield as affected by potassium fertilization and inoculation of the diazotrophic bacteria Serratia spp.

2019 ◽  
pp. 944-953
Author(s):  
Adriano S. Nascente ◽  
Marta Cristina C. Filippi ◽  
Thatyane P. Sousa ◽  
Amanda A. Chaibub ◽  
Alan Carlos A. Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Grain Yield Components ◽  
Rice Leaves ◽  
K Fertilization

Potassium (K) is the second most uptaken nutrient by upland rice crops. Beneficial microorganisms, such as Rhizobacteria participate in different processes that affect transformation of soil nutrients, making them available to plants. However, there are no information about the use of Rhizobacteria and different rates of K fertilization in this crop. To elucidate this interaction, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of the rhizobacteria Serratia spp. strain BRM 32114 and doses of K at sowing fertilization on upland rice development. The experimental design was a complete randomized block in a factorial 4 × 2 scheme with four replications, under no-tillage systems conducted in the Brazilian Cerrado during 2015/16 and 2016/17 growing seasons. The treatments consisted of four K2O doses (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg ha-1) without or with rhizobacteria applied three times in the field (on the seeds, sprayed over the soil, seven days after sowing and sprayed on the plants, 14 days after sowing). Biomass production, gas exchange, nutrient content in leaves and grain, yield components and grain yield were evaluated. The use of BRM 32114 applied in soil with high levels of K provided increase in the contents of P, Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn in rice leaves. The results showed enhances in plant biomass (7.2%), the number of panicles per plant (10%), and the grain yield of upland rice (16.3%). Therefore, our results allow inferring that the use of microorganism BRM 32114 provided significant improvements in rice growth/development, which resulted in higher grain yield over two consecutive growing seasons under field conditions. It showed that the bioagent Serratia spp. is promising to be incorporated into crop systems.

Thermal dependence of pyrithiobac efficacy inAmaranthus palmeri

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 644-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ginger G. Light ◽  
Peter A. Dotray ◽  
James R. Mahan
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Thermal Dependence ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Crude Leaf Extract ◽  
Highly Correlated

Variability in weed control following pyrithiobac applications has been observed under field conditions. The influence of temperature on this variability was investigated. Results from field studies performed over two growing seasons identified plant and air temperatures at the time of herbicide treatment that correlated with whole-plant efficacy differences. Based on the field data, weed control with pyrithiobac was acceptable at application temperatures of 20 to 34 C. To investigate a potential source of thermal limitations on pyrithiobac efficacy, the thermal dependence of in vitro inhibition of acetolactate synthase (ALS), the site of action for pyrithiobac, was examined. A crude leaf extract of ALS was obtained fromAmaranthus palmeri. Relative inhibitor potency (I50) values were obtained at saturating substrate conditions for temperatures from 10 to 50 C. Regression analysis of field activity against I50values showed the two data sets to be highly correlated (R2= 0.88). The thermal dependence of enzyme/herbicide interactions may provide another means of understanding environmental factors limiting herbicidal efficacy and predicting herbicide inhibition at the whole-plant level.

Clonal Responses of Tea Shoot Extension to Temperature in Malawi

1993 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. I. Smith ◽  
F. J. Harvey ◽  
M. G. R. Cannell
Keyword(s):  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Extension Rate ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Tea Shoot

SummaryAlthough the relationship between the length of a growing tea shoot and time is not truly exponential, the exponential relative shoot extension rate (ERSER) can be used for comparisons when both the initial shoot lengths and the periods of measurement are identical. An empirical method to adjust ERSER for variations in initial shoot length was developed for weekly field measurements of seven tea clones in Malawi. ERSERs, measured throughout the two growing seasons after the bushes had been pruned, were standardized to an initial shoot length of 2.5 cm and were then related to mean weekly air temperatures and to vapour pressure deficits. There were large clonal differences in the response of ERSER to temperature within the range 18–23°C. Shoots of the vigorous Malawi clone SFS 150 elongated rapidly at all temperatures, but notably at the lower temperatures (18–20°C). Two Kenyan clones, BB/35 and K6/8, did not grow well at about 18°C, which is normal for growth in Kenya but which coincides with the period of short daylengths (less than 12 h) in Malawi. A significant decrease in ERSER was found with increased vapour pressure deficit over the whole range of field measurements and ERSERs were uniformly lower in the second year after pruning. The results suggest that the usual calculations to derive an inherent base temperature for elongation are not valid unless elongation is truly exponential and therefore, in general, base temperatures should not be used for comparisons between experiments.

Exploring the environmental context of recent Didymosphenia geminata proliferation in Gaspésie, Quebec, using paleolimnology

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 616-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Lavery ◽  
J. Kurek ◽  
K.M. Rühland ◽  
C.A. Gillis ◽  
M.F.J. Pisaric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Context ◽  
Life Strategy ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Diatom Assemblages ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Didymosphenia Geminata ◽  
Planktonic Diatoms ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Scale Shift

Management authorities often perceive Didymosphenia geminata (didymo) as an invasive, nuisance diatom species that has been introduced to eastern Canada; however, observations from early 20th century diatom surveys challenge this characterization. We apply paleolimnological techniques to place recent didymo blooms from Gaspésie, Quebec, into historical and environmental context. Sedimentary diatom assemblages were examined from Lac Humqui (a headwater lake) and Lac au Saumon (a lake with an inflowing river currently supporting blooms). The Lac Humqui assemblage experienced a broad-scale shift in their dominant life strategy with declines in fragilarioid taxa and increases in planktonic diatoms (i.e., Cyclotella–Discostella species) that began ∼1970 and increased to modern abundances ∼1990. Strong relationships between this diatom shift and increases in regional air temperatures and earlier river ice-out dates are consistent with longer growing seasons and enhanced thermal stability in Lac Humqui. Didymo was observed throughout the Lac au Saumon core, demonstrating that it has been present in the region since at least ∼1970. Our paleolimnological evidence indicates that blooms likely form in response to regional consequences of climate warming, rather than human introduction.

The relationship between the yields of eight varieties of Nigerian maize and content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the leaf at flowering stage

1972 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinola A. Agboola
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Critical Levels ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

SUMMARYStudies of the relationship between yield and content of N, P and K in the ear leaf of eight varieties of Nigerian maize, tested for three growing seasons, indicated that the varieties have different critical nutrient levels, although the values obtained for individual varieties were not significantly different from the pooled average critical level for any of the nutrients. The critical levels ranged from 2·85 to 3·19% N, 0·20 to 0·27% P and 2·06 to 2·60% K, while their pooled averages were 3·10% N, 0·23% P and 2·44% K.High ear leaf nutrient content was not a guarantee of high grain yield, and ear leaf nutrient values of low-yielding varieties were similar to those of the high-yielding varieties.

Neural network modelling to predict weekly yields of sweet peppers in a commercial greenhouse

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Lin ◽  
B. D. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Network Modelling ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Model Training ◽  
Validation Set

The production of greenhouse-grown sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is irregular with a peak-and-valley pattern of weekly yields. We monitored the yields and environment in a commercial greenhouse in British Columbia over six (2000–2005) growing seasons. Light was defined as cumulative light over the current week, with L_1, L_2, L_3, L_4, L _ 5 and L_6 representing light over previous weeks. Temperature (AvgT) was defined as the current weekly average of 24-h air temperatures, with T_1, T_2 and T_3 representing temperatures over previous weeks. Inputs were also created for the current weekly yield (Y) and previous weekly yields (Y_1, Y_2, Y_3 and Y_4). Neural network (NN) modelling with up to 21 inputs was used to predict yields 1 wk (Y + 1) and 2 wk (Y + 2) in advance of the actual fruit harvest. Data for five different years were combined for model training with the year to be predicted held separate as a validation set. The best models used 13 inputs to predict Y + 1 with an average R2 of 0.66 over the 6 yr. Y_4, Y-Y_1, Y_1, L_1, Y, Y_3, Y-Y_3 and wk (of the year) were important inputs. The environmental inputs were of lesser importance, which suggests that the cyclic nature of pepper yields is inherent in the pepper biology. Predicting Y + 2 was more difficult with an average R2 of 0.59 over the 6 yr. NN have good potential for predicting pepper yields. Key words: Capsicum annuum L., flushing, fruit, greenhouse production, neural networks

scholarly journals Sample size for morphological traits of pigeonpea

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 4151
Author(s):  
Giovani Facco ◽  
Alberto Cargnelutti Filho ◽  
Alessandro Dal’Col Lúcio ◽  
Gustavo Oliveira dos Santos ◽  
Réges Bellé Stefanello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Estimation Error ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Run Test

The objectives of this study were to determine the sample size (i.e., number of plants) required to accurately estimate the average of morphological traits of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) and to check for variability in sample size between evaluation periods and seasons. Two uniformity trials (i.e., experiments without treatment) were conducted for two growing seasons. In the first season (2011/2012), the seeds were sown by broadcast seeding, and in the second season (2012/2013), the seeds were sown in rows spaced 0.50 m apart. The ground area in each experiment was 1,848 m2, and 360 plants were marked in the central area, in a 2 m × 2 m grid. Three morphological traits (e.g., number of nodes, plant height and stem diameter) were evaluated 13 times during the first season and 22 times in the second season. Measurements for all three morphological traits were normally distributed and confirmed through the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Randomness was confirmed using the Run Test, and the descriptive statistics were calculated. For each trait, the sample size (n) was calculated for the semiamplitudes of the confidence interval (i.e., estimation error) equal to 2, 4, 6, ..., 20% of the estimated mean with a confidence coefficient (1-?) of 95%. Subsequently, n was fixed at 360 plants, and the estimation error of the estimated percentage of the average for each trait was calculated. Variability of the sample size for the pigeonpea culture was observed between the morphological traits evaluated, among the evaluation periods and between seasons. Therefore, to assess with an accuracy of 6% of the estimated average, at least 136 plants must be evaluated throughout the pigeonpea crop cycle to determine the sample size for the traits (e.g., number of nodes, plant height and stem diameter) in the different evaluation periods and between seasons.

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