Validity and reliability of smartphone-based pelvic rotation evaluations of children with cerebral palsy while sitting, standing, and standing on one leg

Retest Reliability ◽

Pelvic Rotation ◽

PURPOSE: We explored the test-retest reliability of pelvic rotation measured using a smartphone and established criterion-related validity by analyzing simple linear regression between pelvic rotation data obtained using the smartphone and those measured by a palpation meter. METHODS: We recruited 12 children with cerebral palsy (CP) (7 boys and 5 girls) and measured pelvic rotation using a smartphone application and a palpation meter in the sitting, standing, and one-leg standing positions. Test-retest reliability was evaluated by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs); simple linear regression was analyzed to explore the relationships between smartphone and palpation meter data. RESULTS: In terms of the test-retest reliability of pelvic rotation measured by the smartphone, the ICCs ranged from 0.85 to 0.95. A positive linear correlation was found between smartphone and palpation meter data. CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed that measurement of pelvic rotation using a smartphone was reliable when children with CP were in the sitting, standing, and one-leg standing positions. In addition, pelvic rotation measured using the smartphone correlated significantly with that measured using a palpation meter.

An Italian Validation of ABILHAND-Kids for Children With Cerebral Palsy

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.1177/00315125211049730 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 003151252110497

Author(s):

Marco Tofani ◽

Giulia Blasetti ◽

Luca Lucibello ◽

Anna Berardi ◽

Giovanni Galeoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Limitations in hand function are common among children with cerebral palsy (CP), with almost 50% presenting an arm–hand dysfunction. However, there is no standardized assessment tool available in Italian for evaluating bimanual performance for this population. Our objective in this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of an Italian translation of the ABILHAND-Kids (ABILHAND-Kids-IT) among children with CP. We examined internal consistency using Cronbach’s Alpha and Omega coefficients, and we investigated test-retest reliability with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). We performed explorative factor analysis (EFA) to investigate structural validity. We calculated Pearson’s correlation coefficients between the ABILAND-Kids IT and the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) to assess criterion validity; and, to demonstrate the score variability of the ABILHAND-Kids-IT, we used analyses of variance (ANOVAs) to compare the 181 children with CP in this sample with their levels on the MACS. We enrolled 181 children with CP in the study. EFA confirmed a uni-dimensional scale. We obtained internal consistency on both Cronbach’s Alpha and Omega coefficient of 0.98, and a one-week test-retest reliability analysis revealed an ICC with 95% of confidence interval of .992. The ANOVA revealed significant score variability ( p < 0.01) and the Pearson correlation coefficient comparing the ABILHAND-Kids-It score with the MACS was –0.929 ( p < 0.01). We conclude that the ABILHAND-Kids-IT is valid and reliable for use with Italian children with CP.

Reliability, Sensitivity to Change, and Responsiveness of the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales–Second Edition for Children With Cerebral Palsy

Physical Therapy ◽

10.2522/ptj.20050259 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 86 (10) ◽

pp. 1351-1359 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

Hsiang-Hui Wang ◽

Hua-Fang Liao ◽

Ching-Lin Hsieh

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Sensitivity To Change ◽

Good Test ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Motor Test ◽

Peabody Developmental Motor Scales ◽

Abstract Background and Purpose. The psychometric properties of the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales–Second Edition (PDMS-2), a revised motor test to assess both gross motor and fine motor composites in children with cerebral palsy (CP), are largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the test-retest reliability and the responsiveness of the PDMS-2 for children with CP. Subjects. A sample of 32 children who had CP (age=27–64 months) and who received intervention participated in this study. Methods. The PDMS-2 was administered to each child 3 times (at the beginning of the study, at 1 week, and at 3 months later) by a physical therapist. The agreement between the first 2 measurements was used to examine the reliability. The change between the first and the third measurements was used to examine the responsiveness. Results. The composite scores on the PDMS-2 had good test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient=.88–1.00). The sensitivity-to-change coefficients ranged from 1.6 to 2.1, and the responsiveness coefficients ranged from 1.7 to 2.3. Discussion and Conclusion. Our results provide strong evidence that the 3 composites of the PDMS-2 had high test-retest reliability and acceptable responsiveness. The PDMS-2 can be used as an evaluative motor measure for children with CP and aged 2 to 5 years.

Improved Scaling of the Gross Motor Function Measure for Children With Cerebral Palsy: Evidence of Reliability and Validity

Physical Therapy ◽

10.1093/ptj/80.9.873 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 80 (9) ◽

pp. 873-885 ◽

Cited By ~ 352

Author(s):

Dianne J Russell ◽

Lisa M Avery ◽

Peter L Rosenbaum ◽

Parminder S Raina ◽

Stephen D Walter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Motor Function ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Gross Motor ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Gross Motor Function ◽

Gross Motor Function Measure ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Function Measure

Abstract Background and Purpose. This study examined the reliability, validity, and responsiveness to change of measurements obtained with a 66-item version of the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66) developed using Rasch analysis. Subjects and Methods. The validity of measurements obtained with the GMFM-66 was assessed by examining the hierarchy of items and the GMFM-66 scores for different groups of children from a stratified random community-based sample of 537 children with cerebral palsy (CP). A subset of 228 children who had been reassessed at 12 months was used to test the hypothesis that children who are young (<5 years of age) and have “mild” CP will demonstrate greater change in GMFM-66 scores than children who are older (≥5 years of age) and whose CP is more severe. Data from an additional 19 children with CP who were assessed twice, one week apart, were used to examine test-retest reliability. Results. The overall changes in GMFM-66 scores over 12 months and a time × severity × age interaction supported our hypotheses. Test-retest reliability was high (intraclass correlation coefficient=.99). Conclusion and Discussion. This study demonstrated that the GMFM-66 has good psychometric properties. By providing a hierarchical structure and interval scaling, the GMFM-66 can provide a better understanding of motor development for children with CP than the 88 item GMFM and can improve the scoring and interpretation of data obtained with the GMFM.

Validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System

International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation ◽

10.12968/ijtr.2017.0176 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (9) ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Azade Riyahi ◽

Mehdi Rassafiani ◽

Zahra Nobakht ◽

Hosseinali Abdolrazaghi ◽

Rahmatollah Moradzadeh

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Classification System ◽

Interrater Reliability ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Occupational Therapists ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Persian Version ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Speech Therapists

Background/Aims The ability to eat and drink is the most important factor in health, survival and longevity. Children with cerebral palsy can suffer from severe dysphagia, which can lead to a high risk of aspiration and choking. As classifying eating and drinking ability in children with cerebral palsy is important in research and treatment, the aim of this study was to determine the cross-cultural validation and reliability of the Persian version of the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System. Methods After translation procedures, the face validity, content validity, test–retest reliability and interrater reliability of the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System were evaluated. In total, 130 parents of children with cerebral palsy and 34 therapists participated in the evaluation of the scale's reliability. The 73 boys and 57 girls with cerebral palsy were aged 3–20 years (mean age 4.4 years) and had various types of cerebral palsy. They were classified according to the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System by both their parents and the therapists. Results The overall results indicated that the words and sentences used were simple, clear, understandable, relevant and necessary. The intraclass correlation coefficients for test–retest reliability for parents, occupational therapists and speech therapists were 0.98, 0.98 and 0.995, respectively. The interrater reliability between parents and occupational therapists was 0.96, between parents and speech therapists was 0.95, and between occupational therapists and speech therapists was 0.985. Conclusions The Persian version of the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System seems to be valid and reliable. This system may be used to evaluate children with cerebral palsy.

Validity and reliability of the Mandarin version of the Treatment Burden Questionnaire among stroke patients in Mainland China

Family Practice ◽

10.1093/fampra/cmab004 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Qi Zhang ◽

Ke Zhang ◽

Miao Li ◽

Jiaxin Gu ◽

Xintong Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Internal Consistency ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Therapeutic Interventions ◽

Treatment Burden ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Abstract Objectives To examine the validity and reliability of the Mandarin version of the Treatment Burden Questionnaire (TBQ) among stroke patients. Background Stroke patients need long-term management of symptoms and life situation, and treatment burden has recently emerged as a new concept that can influence the health outcomes during the rehabilitation process. Methods The convenience sampling method was used to recruit 187 cases of stroke patients in a tertiary grade hospital in Tianjin for a formal investigation. Item analysis, reliability and validity tests were carried out. The reliability test included internal consistency and test–retest reliability. And as well as content, structure and convergent validity were performed for the validity test. Results Of the 187 completed questionnaires, only 180 (96.3%) were suitable for analysis. According to the experts’ evaluation, the I-CVI of each item was from 0.833 to 1.000, and the S-CVI was 0.967. The exploratory factor analysis yielded three-factor components with a cumulative variation of 53.054%. Convergent validity was demonstrated using measures of Morisky’s Medication Adherence Scale 8 (r = –0.450, P < 0.01). All correlations between items and global scores ranged from 0.403 to 0.638. Internal consistency reliability and test–retest reliability were found to be acceptable, as indicated by a Cronbach’s α of 0.824 and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.846, respectively. Conclusions The Mandarin TBQ had acceptable validity and reliability. The use of TBQ in the assessment of treatment burden of stroke survivor may benefit health resources allocation and provide tailor therapeutic interventions to construct minimally disruptive care.

Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Patient Dignity Inventory

Palliative & Supportive Care ◽

10.1017/s1478951521000948 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Yasemin Eskigülek ◽

Sultan Kav

Keyword(s):

Palliative Care ◽

Factor Analysis ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Turkish Version ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Fit Index ◽

Turkish Society

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Patient Dignity Inventory (PDI) in the Turkish society, which was developed to evaluate dignity-related distress in palliative care patients. Methods One hundred and twenty-seven adults with advanced cancer hospitalized in several clinics of two university hospitals were included in the study. The patients whose Palliative Performance Scale score was at least 40% were recruited to study. The data were collected with a patient demographic form, the Turkish version of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-TR), and the Turkish version of the PDI (PDI-TR). The PDI-TR was finalized and back-translated after translating into Turkish and obtaining 10 expert opinions. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency, concurrent validity, and test–retest reliability analysis were performed. Results The Cronbach's α coefficient of PDI-TR was 0.94. Factor analysis resulted in a five-factor solution, and all items were loaded on factors. Factors were labeled as symptom distress, existential distress, self-confidence, dependency, and supportive care needs and accounted for 68.70% of the overall variance. The model's normed fit index, comparative fit index, and X2/SD were found between acceptable range (0.90, 0.93, and 2.64, respectively). A positive and strong correlation was found between subdimension scores of HADS-TR and the total score of PDI-TR (r = 0.70 for anxiety subdimension; r = 0.73 for depression subdimension). The test–retest reliability was conducted with 32 patients within the sample two weeks after the first application, and no significant difference was found between the two application scores as the result of paired-sample t-test (p > 0.05). An intraclass correlation coefficient of test–retest reliability was r = 0.855. Significance of results PDI-TR was found to be a valid and reliable tool in palliative care patients in Turkish society.

Test-Retest Reliability of Discrete Gait Parameters in Children With Cerebral Palsy

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation ◽

10.1016/j.apmr.2010.01.016 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 91 (5) ◽

pp. 781-787 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Susan Klejman ◽

Jan Andrysek ◽

Annie Dupuis ◽

Virginia Wright

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Gait Parameters ◽

Reliability and Validity of Data for 2 Newly Developed Shuttle Run Tests in Children With Cerebral Palsy

Physical Therapy ◽

10.1093/ptj/86.8.1107 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 86 (8) ◽

pp. 1107-1117 ◽

Cited By ~ 76

Author(s):

Olaf Verschuren ◽

Tim Takken ◽

Marjolijn Ketelaar ◽

Jan Willem Gorter ◽

Paul JM Helders

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Treadmill Test ◽

Level I ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Shuttle Run ◽

Gmfcs Level

Abstract Background and Purpose. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of data obtained with 2 newly developed shuttle run tests (SRT-I and SRT-II) to measure aerobic power in children with cerebral palsy (CP) who were classified at level I or II on the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). The SRT-I was developed for children at GMFCS level I, and the SRT-II was developed for children at GMFCS level II. Subjects. Twenty-five children and adolescents with CP (10 female, 15 male; mean age=11.9 years, SD=2.9), classified at GMFCS level I (n=14) or level II (n=11), participated in the study. Methods. To assess test-retest reliability of data for the 10-m shuttle run tests, the subjects performed the same test within 2 weeks. To examine validity, the shuttle run tests were compared with a GMFCS level–based treadmill test designed to measure peak oxygen uptake. Results. Statistical analyses revealed test-retest reliability for exercise time (number of levels completed) (intraclass correlation coefficients of .97 for the SRT-I and .99 for the SRT-II) and reliability for peak heart rate attained during the final level (intraclass correlation coefficients of .87 for the SRT-I and .94 for the SRT-II). High correlations were found for the relationship between data for both shuttle run tests and data for the treadmill test (r=.96 for both). Discussion and Conclusion. The results suggest that both 10-m shuttle run tests yield reliable and valid data. Moreover, the shuttle run tests have advantages over a treadmill test for children with CP who are able to walk and run (GMFCS level I or II). [Verschuren O, Takken T, Ketelaar M, et al. Reliability and validity of data for 2 newly developed shuttle run tests in children with cerebral palsy. Phys Ther. 2006;86:1107–1117.]

A Novel Tool for the Assessment of Sport Climbers’ Movement Performance

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2019-0311 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 795-800 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nicola Taylor ◽

David Giles ◽

Micha Panáčková ◽

James Mitchell ◽

Joel Chidley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Performance Assessment ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Consultation Process ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Performance Factors ◽

Sport Climbing ◽

Movement Performance ◽

Purpose: To assess the validity and reliability of a novel movement-performance assessment tool for climbing/sport climbing. Methods: First, salient climbing movement-performance factors were identified through an iterative consultation process with 10 expert climbing coaches; the resulting Climber’s Movement Performance Assessment Tool (CM-PAT) contained 14 items in 5 categories. Second, 61 intermediate to advanced climbers ascended a single route, which was video recorded. Subsequently, 4 experienced (>10 y coaching) coaches used the CM-PAT to observe and score the climbers’ performance. Interrater reliability and comparisons with existing measures of climbing performance (6-mo self-reported ability, success and failure, climbing pace [m·min−1], and geometric entropy) were made. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficient (2,k) for the 4 raters demonstrated excellent reliability (>.81) between observers and good to excellent test–retest reliability (.71–.91). Pearson correlations between self-reported ability and CM-PAT scores explained 61% of the variance in self-reported climbing performance compared with 16% for geometric entropy and 52% for climbing pace. Considering differences in successful and unsuccessful climbers, the CM-PAT (P < .0005; d = 2.14), geometric entropy (P = .014; d = 0.67), and pace (P < .0005; d = 1.88) were able to differentiate between groups. Conclusions: The CM-PAT is the first sport climbing performance observational instrument to be developed through a thorough iterative process with expert coaches. Excellent interrater and test–retest reliability and excellent agreement with self-reported ability and with existing quantitative measures of performance support its recommendation for use in coaching and research contexts. Notably, a key advantage over existing measures is the identification of coachable elements of performance.

Gait Asymmetry Post-Stroke: Determining Valid and Reliable Methods Using a Single Accelerometer Located on the Trunk

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20010037 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 37 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Christopher Buckley ◽

M. Encarna Micó-Amigo ◽

Michael Dunne-Willows ◽

Alan Godfrey ◽

Aodhán Hickey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Concurrent Validity ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Future Research ◽

Gait Symmetry ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Gait Asymmetry ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Cardinal Symptom

Asymmetry is a cardinal symptom of gait post-stroke that is targeted during rehabilitation. Technological developments have allowed accelerometers to be a feasible tool to provide digital gait variables. Many acceleration-derived variables are proposed to measure gait asymmetry. Despite a need for accurate calculation, no consensus exists for what is the most valid and reliable variable. Using an instrumented walkway (GaitRite) as the reference standard, this study compared the validity and reliability of multiple acceleration-derived asymmetry variables. Twenty-five post-stroke participants performed repeated walks over GaitRite whilst wearing a tri-axial accelerometer (Axivity AX3) on their lower back, on two occasions, one week apart. Harmonic ratio, autocorrelation, gait symmetry index, phase plots, acceleration, and jerk root mean square were calculated from the acceleration signals. Test–retest reliability was calculated, and concurrent validity was estimated by comparison with GaitRite. The strongest concurrent validity was obtained from step regularity from the vertical signal, which also recorded excellent test–retest reliability (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients (rho) = 0.87 and Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC21) = 0.98, respectively). Future research should test the responsiveness of this and other step asymmetry variables to quantify change during recovery and the effect of rehabilitative interventions for consideration as digital biomarkers to quantify gait asymmetry.