scholarly journals Effect of scent on comfort of aircraft passengers

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (s1) ◽  
pp. S273-S280
Author(s):  
Xinhe Yao ◽  
Yu Song ◽  
Peter Vink
Keyword(s):  
Completion Time ◽  
Aircraft Cabin ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

BACKGROUND: Scents may influence the perceived comfort of an environment. There are only a few studies conducted on the relationship between scent and comfort in aircraft cabin. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this research is to explore whether relationships between scents and perceived comfort can be found for passengers in an aircraft cabin. METHODS: 276 participants joined an experiment in a Boeing 737 fuselage. The participants were divided into nine groups and each joined a session for 60 minutes with the exposure to different scents. The effect of the odor was measured by a set of questionnaires at the beginning and at the end of the session. Results of questionnaires were analyzed regarding the effects on the completion time, of the type of scents, of the intensity of the scent and on gender. RESULTS: Significant differences were found at the beginning and at the end of the experiment regarding comfort and emotion, but sometimes no relations could be established. The influence of different scents on comfort/discomfort varied and changed over time. However, in all scenarios, participant’ scores on emotion decreased. Additionally, the added scents influenced the linearity between the changes in comfort and discomfort. CONCLUSIONS: Smell could influence the perceived comfort/discomfort of aircraft passengers over time, and different types of smells have different effects on passengers. The preferences on scents are diverse, which highlights the need for personalization in aircraft cabin design.

Conceptualisations of ugly and beautiful

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahmineh Tayebi
Keyword(s):  
Moral Order ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Evaluative Terms ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The aim of this paper is to study conceptualisations of two Persian evaluative terms, namely zesht (ugly) and zibâ (beautiful), by focusing on their use at the metapragmatic level in evaluations of im/polite act. To achieve this aim, by drawing on natural and authentic examples from Persian speakers, the relationship between the use of the metapragmatic markers zesht and zibâ and the im/polite (non)linguistic act is addressed and the types of im/polite behaviours that licence the use of these metapragmatic markers is further explored. It will also be argued that conceptualisations of im/politeness seem to be expressed predominantly in terms of aesthetic terms which are situationally constructed and are morally informed. The examples reveal that the use of the aesthetic markers as metapragmatic markers originates from a set of cultural conceptualisations, which are part of the moral order, and in fact, shape and are, over time, shaped by the norms of im/politeness that exist at multiple levels of society. These socially and culturally shared conceptualisations greatly influence the practices by which judgments and evaluations of impoliteness arises in different types of interaction.

On the development of Korean SAY evidentials and their extended pragmatic functions

Diachronica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikyung Ahn ◽  
Foong Ha Yap
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Mechanisms Of Change ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Usage Frequency ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Korean Speakers ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Middle Korean

This paper examines the development of five hearsay evidential markers in Korean, namely, tako, tamye, tamyense, tanun and tanta, and traces their extended pragmatic functions in discourse. We first identify their functions over time, from Middle Korean to Modern and Contemporary Korean, then quantitatively analyze the usage frequency of these functions, diachronically from the 16th century to the early 20th century using the UNICONC historical corpus, and synchronically in present-day Korean using the Sejong contemporary written and spoken corpus. From a pragmatic perspective, we examine how Korean speakers use these hearsay evidential markers to convey the interpersonal and intersubjective stances of interlocutors in natural conversations. Based on the differential rates of grammaticalization of these markers, and on their usage frequency, we also examine the relationship between evidentiality marking and finiteness; more specifically, we analyze the sequences and mechanisms of change whereby different types of non-finite evidential structures develop into finite evidential constructions. Our findings have broader theoretical and crosslinguistic implications for understanding the mechanisms of insubordination, whereby dependent structures become independent, and whereby lexically transparent constructions develop into grammaticalized markers of speakers’ stance.

scholarly journals Social Networks and Memory over 15 Years of Followup in a Cohort of Older Australians: Results from the Australian Longitudinal Study of Ageing

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne C. Giles ◽  
Kaarin J. Anstey ◽  
Ruth B. Walker ◽  
Mary A. Luszcz
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Quadratic Effect ◽  
Lower Tertile ◽  
Australian Longitudinal Study ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cognitively Intact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
With Memory ◽  
Over Time

The purpose was to examine the relationship between different types of social networks and memory over 15 years of followup in a large cohort of older Australians who were cognitively intact at study baseline. Our specific aims were to investigate whether social networks were associated with memory, determine if different types of social networks had different relationships with memory, and examine if changes in memory over time differed according to types of social networks. We used five waves of data from the Australian Longitudinal Study of Ageing, and followed 706 participants with an average age of 78.6 years (SD 5.7) at baseline. The relationships between five types of social networks and changes in memory were assessed. The results suggested a gradient of effect; participants in the upper tertile of friends or overall social networks had better memory scores than those in the mid tertile, who in turn had better memory scores than participants in the lower tertile. There was evidence of a linear, but not quadratic, effect of time on memory, and an interaction between friends’ social networks and time was apparent. Findings are discussed with respect to mechanisms that might explain the observed relationships between social networks and memory.

scholarly journals Affordance in Socio-Material Networks: A Mixed Method Study of Researchers' Groups and Analog-Digital Objects

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Belli
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Mixed Method Study ◽  
Digital Materiality ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Digital Objects ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

In this paper, we argue that we can better understand the relationship between social interaction and materiality by linking qualitative analysis of analog and digital practices, adopting Basov's model of socio-material networks. Our research questions turn about the interrogation of how social links distress the usage of analog and digital objects by researchers. We consider scientific networks with the relationship between researchers and their tools as a three-level social material network. It sheds light on how different types of researchers position their engagement with analog and digital materiality over time and its affordance and emotional attachment. This study contributes to the understanding of researchers' practices that involve new and old techniques and specific and not-specific tools.

Entrepreneurship and Well-being: Towards Developing a Novel Conceptual Framework for Entrepreneurial Sustainability in Organisations

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Gopinath ◽  
Jay Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Entrepreneurial Firms ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Entrepreneurial Growth ◽  
Defined Culture ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time ◽  
High Octane

We explore, in conceptual terms, the relationship between well-being and entrepreneurial organisations. We pay attention to existing entrepreneurial organisations where a defined culture may have evolved over time. Interest in well-being has gained accelerated momentum in policy circles, management boards and among researchers, and studies in entrepreneurship abound celebrating innovation and the value of entrepreneurial growth. Yet, we do not appear to know much (beyond anecdotal insights) about high-impact driven entrepreneurial firms, their visionary high-octane fuelled leaders and the essential well-being of their creative employees and associates. We believe there is a difference between successful organisations and entrepreneurial organisations that achieve success, and that the well-being in these different types of organisations finds a different form of purchase in their unique environments. Moreover, not all entrepreneurial organisations are able to sustain their entrepreneurial competitive advantage. One possible reason for such instability is the well-being (or its deficit) in these organisations. We, therefore, argue that obtaining critical insights into the relationship between well-being and entrepreneurial organisations is essential. To this end, we navigate the literature on entrepreneurial firms and well-being and come up with some critical propositions for future research which could offer new insights into sustainable entrepreneurship which embraces the well-being of both the entrepreneurs and the employees who work with them.

scholarly journals SOCIO-MATERIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS: A Mixed Method Study of Five European Artistic Collectives. Social Networks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita Basov
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Mixed Method Study ◽  
Exponential Random Graph ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Interpersonal Ties ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

In this paper, I argue that we can better understand the relationship between social structure and materiality by combining qualitative analysis of practices in shared physical space with statistical analysis. Drawing on the two-mode approach, I treat social and material structures together with the relationship between them as a two-level socio-material network. In a mixed method study, formalized ethnographic data on such networks in five European artistic collectives are subjected to multilevel exponential random graph modelling. It sheds light on how different types of interpersonal ties condition the engagement of individuals with similar materiality over time.

Investment Traits and Intelligence in Adulthood

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie von Stumm
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Need For Cognition ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Intelligence Tests ◽  
Crystallized Intelligence ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Intelligence-as-knowledge in adulthood is influenced by individual differences in intelligence-as-process (i.e., fluid intelligence) and in personality traits that determine when, where, and how people invest their intelligence over time. Here, the relationship between two investment traits (i.e., Openness to Experience and Need for Cognition), intelligence-as-process and intelligence-as-knowledge, as assessed by a battery of crystallized intelligence tests and a new knowledge measure, was examined. The results showed that (1) both investment traits were positively associated with intelligence-as-knowledge; (2) this effect was stronger for Openness to Experience than for Need for Cognition; and (3) associations between investment and intelligence-as-knowledge reduced when adjusting for intelligence-as-process but remained mostly significant.

Power Values and Power Distance Moderate the Relationship Between Workplace Supervisory Power and Job Satisfaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
Kenneth D. Locke
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Multilevel Modeling ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Workplace Power ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. Person–job (or needs–supplies) discrepancy/fit theories posit that job satisfaction depends on work supplying what employees want and thus expect associations between having supervisory power and job satisfaction to be more positive in individuals who value power and in societies that endorse power values and power distance (e.g., respecting/obeying superiors). Using multilevel modeling on 30,683 European Social Survey respondents from 31 countries revealed that overseeing supervisees was positively associated with job satisfaction, and as hypothesized, this association was stronger among individuals with stronger power values and in nations with greater levels of power values or power distance. The results suggest that workplace power can have a meaningful impact on job satisfaction, especially over time in individuals or societies that esteem power.

Emotional Impact Feedback Changes How We Remember Negative Autobiographical Experiences

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 354-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie K. T. Takarangi ◽  
Deryn Strange
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Perspective ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Negative Memory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Memories ◽  
Over Time

When people are told that their negative memories are worse than other people’s, do they later remember those events differently? We asked participants to recall a recent negative memory then, 24 h later, we gave some participants feedback about the emotional impact of their event – stating it was more or less negative compared to other people’s experiences. One week later, participants recalled the event again. We predicted that if feedback affected how participants remembered their negative experiences, their ratings of the memory’s characteristics should change over time. That is, when participants are told that their negative event is extremely negative, their memories should be more vivid, recollected strongly, and remembered from a personal perspective, compared to participants in the other conditions. Our results provide support for this hypothesis. We suggest that external feedback might be a potential mechanism in the relationship between negative memories and psychological well-being.

Rethinking social remittances and the migration-development nexus from the perspective of time

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy Levitt ◽  
Deepak Lamba-Nieves
Keyword(s):  
Social Influence ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Social Remittances ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Migration And Development ◽  
Over Time

This article explores how the conceptualization, management, and measurement of time affect the migration-development nexus. We focus on how social remittances transform the meaning and worth of time, thereby changing how these ideas and practices are accepted and valued and recalibrating the relationship between migration and development. Our data reveal the need to pay closer attention to how migration’s impacts shift over time in response to its changing significance, rhythms, and horizons. How does migrants’ social influence affect and change the needs, values, and mind-frames of non-migrants? How do the ways in which social remittances are constructed, perceived, and accepted change over time for their senders and receivers?

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