Text neck: An adverse postural phenomenon

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ira Fiebert ◽  
Fran Kistner ◽  
Christine Gissendanner ◽  
Christopher DaSilva
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Thoracic Spine ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Physical Therapists ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Neck Position ◽  
Biomechanical Changes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUND: The excessive use of hand-held mobile devices (HHMD) leads to a postural phenomenon known as text neck. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper is to discuss the anatomical, biomechanical and muscle activation changes within the cervical and thoracic regions associated with the sustained, forward, flexed neck posture, observed with excessive usage of hand-held mobile devices. Additionally, this paper examines the relationship of gender, as well as the effects of carrying backpack loads by youth, on this forward, flexed neck posture. METHODS: Multiple aspects of the text neck position that occur when an individual uses a HHMD are described. RESULTS: Prolonged use of hand-held mobile devices results in adverse anatomical and biomechanical changes in the cervical and thoracic spine, muscular imbalances, and postural compensations, all of which contribute to muscular overuse and fatigue resulting in pain. CONCLUSIONS: Physical therapists must educate their patients about proper posture while using hand-held mobile devices. Proper posture includes: holding the device close to eye level, using the device while standing or sitting and holding the device with a line of sight perpendicular to the surface of the device, using a larger screen, and texting with both hands. Also, because children are using hand held mobile devices at younger ages, parents and teachers must be educated about the dangers of prolonged use of hand-held devices.

The Relationship of Technology Assessment and Utilization: Electromyographic Feedback Instrumentation as a Model

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Physical Therapists ◽  
Functional Measures ◽  
The Future ◽  
Therapy Services ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Contemporary Equipment

AbstractBiofeedback instrumentation has been a growing part of physical therapy practice for 20 years, and physical therapists have contributed to researching its efficacy in treating varying conditions. The application of biofeedback to the treatment of stroke was marked by some early difficulties with the quality of the electronics, but sophisticated contemporary equipment can do much more than was originally envisioned. The importance of relating quantified movement-based data to functional measures is projected as a high priority if appropriate reimbursement for physical therapy services with biofeedback is to continue in the future.

scholarly journals The multidisciplinary team in sports: a narrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e1760
Author(s):  
Ramiro Marques Inchauspe ◽  
Pablo Morales Barbian ◽  
Fabrício Luis Pereira Santos ◽  
Marcelo Schilling Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Team ◽  
Physical Therapists ◽  
Emotional Control ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Education Professional ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: The multidisciplinary team in sport is justified by the growing pursuit of higher performance and performance and many variables are involved in this context, recovery and rest, training, emotional control, examinations and nutritional control, factors need specific knowledge from professionals in different areas, such as physical therapists, psychologists, doctors, nutritionists and the physical education professional. Methods: In this context, using a literature review, the purpose of this paper is to discuss the contributions of professionals from different areas in the preparation of athletes, briefly referencing their attributions. Results: The importance of a multidisciplinary team in the training of athletes becomes evident so that there can be an integration of different professionals in search of a single goal. Final considerations: Through this relevant approach in the relationship of these professionals will allow an elucidation of the aspects inherent in improving performance, thus providing the maintenance of the performance of teams trained by multidisciplinary teams.

scholarly journals Relationship of Performance Measures and Muscle Activity between a 180° Change of Direction Task and Different Countermovement Jumps

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hallvard Nygaard Falch ◽  
Håvard Guldteig Rædergård ◽  
Roland Van den Tillaar
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Adductor Longus

The ability to rapidly perform change of direction (COD) is crucial for performance in Soccer. COD speed is thought to share similarities with countermovement jumps in kinematics and muscle activation. Thus, the objective of the current study was to investigate the relationship between muscle activities in performance measures of a modified 505-agility test and different countermovement jumps. Twenty-one experienced soccer players performed a COD test including the 505-agility test and uni- and bi-lateral horizontal and vertical countermovement jumps. The main findings were that the vertical bilateral and horizontal unilateral countermovement jump were able to predict total time to complete the COD, but not 505-agility time. Muscle activity in the COD and countermovement jumps was only distinguished by a higher peak muscle activity for the adductor longus, semitendinosus and biceps femoris in the COD to stabilize the hip and decelerate knee joint movements when turning compared with the jumps. Conclusively, the relationship between performance in countermovement jumps and total time to complete the COD test was due to longer sprint distances, which makes the distinction between performances bigger. Peak muscle activity of most muscles is similar between the jumps and the COD step, indicating similar muscular demands between these activities.

scholarly journals The relationship of posture and dental health

1991 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-10
Author(s):  
Dawn MacConkey
Keyword(s):  
Health Problem ◽  
Physical Therapists ◽  
Physical Therapist ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
The Body ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Dental Professionals

Summary: Poor posture is not thought of as an injury or health problem. However, over time, the dysfunction can lead to degeneration and its net effect can be as damaging as an injury. When the occlusion is malaligned, a compensating effect takes place through the postural chain and the body must adjust. This can often affect the work of dental professionals, possibly causing a failure in their procedures if not addressed. Early postural screening by a physical therapist can aid in the prevention of postural dysfunctions. Physical therapists should be an integral part of the program for dental professionals.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Lumbar Flexion to Disability in Patients With Low Back Pain

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Scott Sullivan ◽  
Lisa Donegan Shoaf ◽  
Daniel L Riddle
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Physical Therapists ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Lumbar Flexion ◽  
Active Range Of Motion ◽  
Surrogate Measures ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background and Purpose. Physical therapists routinely assess spinal active range of motion (AROM) in patients with low back pain (LBP). The purpose of this study was to use 2 approaches to examine the relationship between impairment of lumbar spine flexion AROM and disability. One approach relied on the use of normative data to determine when an impairment in flexion AROM was present. The other approach required therapists to make judgments of whether the flexion AROM impairment was relevant to the patient's disability. Subjects. Fifteen physical therapists and 81 patients with LBP completed in the study. Methods. Patients completed the Roland-Morris Back Pain Questionnaire (RMQ), and the therapists assessed lumbar spine flexion AROM using a dual-inclinometer technique at the initial visit and again at discharge. Results. Correlations between the lumbar flexion AROM measure and disability were low and did not vary appreciably for the 2 approaches tested. Conclusion and Discussion. Measures of lumbar flexion AROM should not be used as surrogate measures of disability. Lumbar spine flexion AROM and disability are weakly correlated, suggesting that flexion AROM measures should not be used as treatment goals.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

Studies on Leukemogenic and Sarcomagenic Viruses

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Leon Dmochowski
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Mode Of Development ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Electron microscopy has proved to be an invaluable discipline in studies on the relationship of viruses to the origin of leukemia, sarcoma, and other types of tumors in animals and man. The successful cell-free transmission of leukemia and sarcoma in mice, rats, hamsters, and cats, interpreted as due to a virus or viruses, was proved to be due to a virus on the basis of electron microscope studies. These studies demonstrated that all the types of neoplasia in animals of the species examined are produced by a virus of certain characteristic morphological properties similar, if not identical, in the mode of development in all types of neoplasia in animals, as shown in Fig. 1.

The relationship of IGE receptor topography to signaling activity in RBL-2H3 mast cells

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 236-237
Author(s):  
J.R. Pfeiffer ◽  
J.C. Seagrave ◽  
C. Wofsy ◽  
J.M. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Scattered Electron ◽  
Ige Receptor ◽  
Receptor Complexes ◽  
Ige Binding ◽  
Electron Imaging ◽  
Small Clusters ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In RBL-2H3 rat leukemic mast cells, crosslinking IgE-receptor complexes with anti-IgE antibody leads to degranulation. Receptor crosslinking also stimulates the redistribution of receptors on the cell surface, a process that can be observed by labeling the anti-IgE with 15 nm protein A-gold particles as described in Stump et al. (1989), followed by back-scattered electron imaging (BEI) in the scanning electron microscope. We report that anti-IgE binding stimulates the redistribution of IgE-receptor complexes at 37“C from a dispersed topography (singlets and doublets; S/D) to distributions dominated sequentially by short chains, small clusters and large aggregates of crosslinked receptors. These patterns can be observed (Figure 1), quantified (Figure 2) and analyzed statistically. Cells incubated with 1 μg/ml anti-IgE, a concentration that stimulates maximum net secretion, redistribute receptors as far as chains and small clusters during a 15 min incubation period. At 3 and 10 μg/ml anti-IgE, net secretion is reduced and the majority of receptors redistribute rapidly into clusters and large aggregates.

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