scholarly journals Peculiarities of application of natural and man-caused materials for steel alloying and modifying

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 944-954
Author(s):  
O. I. Nokhrina ◽  
I. D. Rozhikhina ◽  
V. I. Dmitrienko ◽  
I. E. Proshunin ◽  
M. A. Golodova
Keyword(s):  
Vanadium Slag ◽  
Industrial Testing ◽  
Manganese Ores ◽  
Manganese Alloys ◽  
Barium Strontium ◽  
Steel Alloying ◽  
Economic Indices ◽  
Final Steel ◽  
Deoxidizing Agent

Considerable reserves of improvement of steel quality and reduction of costs of its production are concealed in a possibility of active and purposeful formation their structure and the properties by introduction into the melt modifiers, alloying and microalloying additives. Due to the task of decreasing costs, studies on alloying and modifying of metal by natural and man-caused materials are very actual. Thermodynamic regularities of steel alloying and modifying processes by natural and man-caused materials, including manganese ores of various structures, BOF vanadium slag, barium- strontium modifier, obtained from the complex ores containing barium and strontium considered. Possibilities of wide application of various structure manganese ores for steel alloying by manganese without use of standard manganese alloys as well as vanadium slag for microalloying by vanadium demonstrated. Metallurgical properties barium-strontium natural modifier obtained and the possible mechanism of the modifying impact of barium and strontium on quality of metal studied. It was determined, that the effect of modifying by barium can revealed in steels, deoxidized only by silicon, and for modifying by strontium or joint modifying by barium and strontium it is necessary to apply aluminum as deoxidizing agent. Industrial testing of the above-stated materials showed reliability of studies, accomplished at thermodynamic modeling and laboratory studies of calculations and conclusions. Recommendations on optimization of technologies of steel alloying and modifying made. It was proved that use of the materials of the study allows to improve technical and economic indices of the process of production of steels and to increase considerably quality of final steel products. Conclusions on significant expansion of natural and man-caused materials prospects worded.

Feasibility of improving the quality of dirty manganese ores in furnaces used for the liquid-phase reduction of iron

Metallurgist ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 473-477
Author(s):  
E. F. Vegman ◽  
S. E. Lazutkin ◽  
S. S. Lazutkin
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Manganese Ores ◽  
Phase Reduction ◽  
Reduction Of Iron

High-Quality Low - Phosphorous Manganese Alloys for Production of Steel of Low-Temperature Reliability

2020 ◽  
Vol 839 ◽  
pp. 99-105
Author(s):  
Olga I. Nohrina ◽  
Irina D. Rogihina ◽  
Marina A. Golodova ◽  
Ivan E. Proshunin ◽  
Denis V. Valuev
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Manganese Ores ◽  
Manganese Alloys

The problem of enrichment and dephosphorization of poor manganese ores for receiving the low-phosphorous alloys necessary for smelting of steel of low-temperature reliability is considered.

Study of rail steel alloying by chrome and vanadium effect on dissociation of overcooled austenite

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
N. A. Kozyrev ◽  
E. V. Polevoi ◽  
R. A. Shevchenko ◽  
Yu. N. Simonov ◽  
A. R. Mikhno
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Scale ◽  
Rail Steel ◽  
Vanadium Content ◽  
Austenite Formation ◽  
Carbide Formation ◽  
Mixture Formation ◽  
Steel Alloying ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Kinetic Diagram

To determine weldability and quality of a rail welded joint, information on kinetics of the rail steel overcooled austenite transformation is high importance. Thermo-kinetic diagrams of overcooled austenite dissociation of steels Э76ХФ, Э76ХАФ and Э76Ф, built based on results of dilatometric, metal science and durometric tests of rail steel samples. It was shown, that increase of chrome content in steels Э76Ф and Э76ХФ composition from 0.09 to 0.39% results in expanding of dissociation area of overcooled austenite at temperature scale for ferrite-cementite mixture and increasing of resistivity of the overcooled austenite against dissociation in the area of ferrite-cementite mixture formation. This can be characterized as decrease of critical quenching velocity from 100 to 30 °С/sec. It enables to obtain structural states of higher hardness at cooling with velocities in the area of 0.1−30 °С/sec. It was established, that increase of vanadium content from 0.04 to 0.07% does not cause quality changes at the thermo-kinetic diagram of overcooled austenite dissociation. However, it known, that vanadium is a strong carbide-formation element, which combines with carbon at low cooling velocities and removes it out of the solid solution. Due to this effect, sample of steel Э76ХФ with lower vanadium content at cooling with velocities from 0.1 to 10 °С/sec, had somewhat higher hardness level comparing with steel Э76ХАФ sample. Increase of chrome content in alloy content results in an increase of temperature of austenite formation completion at heating from 760 to 774 °С, while the temperature of martensitic transformation commencement at that remains practically unchanged at the level of 230 °С. In steels Э76ХФ and Э76ХАФ in the chemistry of which chrome was added in the amount of 0.37−0.39%, after cooling with velocities of 1 °С/sec and lower, apart from ferrite-carbide mixture of perlite type, formation of redundant ferrite with a volume share of 4−5% was observed as a result of overcooled austenite dissociation. However, in a steel Э76Ф sample, the content of which has chrome at the level of 0.09% at close content of carbon, after cooling in an analogue range of velocities, a ferritecarbide mixture of perlite type is formed with a slight trace of redundant ferrite in the structure as a result of overcooled austenite dissociation.

Quality of the Seam in Welding under Flux by Means of Barium–Strontium Carbonatite

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
N. A. Kozyrev ◽  
R. E. Kryukov ◽  
A. A. Usol’tsev ◽  
O. D. Prokhorenko ◽  
V. G. Aimatov
Keyword(s):  
Barium Strontium

Study on Recarburization by a New Carbon-Manganese Alloy Carburant

2011 ◽  
Vol 335-336 ◽  
pp. 556-561
Author(s):  
Jun Chen ◽  
Xin Teng Liang ◽  
Jian Hua Zeng ◽  
Tian Ming Chen
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Melting Time ◽  
Carbon Yield ◽  
Manganese Alloy ◽  
Yield Rate ◽  
Steel Making ◽  
Manganese Alloys ◽  
The Cost

In order to solve the problem of long melting time and low yield rate of carbon while blind coal is used to recarburize, a new carburant is developed to replace blind coal. Experiment results show that compared with the blind coal, the new carbon-manganese alloy carburant obtains a high smelting velocity, and the average carbon yield rate is 92.95%, which increase by 7.67%, the yield rate of manganese is 93.31%, which a little higher than other normal manganese alloys. After carbon-manganese alloy is used to recarburize, logistics time and power consumption are saved and the cost of steel-making is reduced by 1.05 ¥/t. In addition, there is little effect on the quality of steel.

scholarly journals Non-metallic Inclusions in Different Ferroalloys and Their Effect on the Steel Quality: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Wang ◽  
Andrey Karasev ◽  
Joo Hyun Park ◽  
Pär G. Jönsson
Keyword(s):  
Steel Quality ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Metallic Inclusions ◽  
Steel Cleanliness ◽  
Complex Ferroalloys ◽  
Final Steel ◽  
High Al Content ◽  
Steel Properties

AbstractFerroalloys have become increasingly important due to their indispensable role in steelmaking. In addition, the demand for improved steel qualities has increased considerably, which in turn highlights the quality of ferroalloys. This is due to the fact that the impurities in ferroalloys directly and significantly influence the quality of steel products. To gain a better understanding of the main trace elements and inclusions in ferroalloys (such as FeSi, FeMn, SiMn, FeTi, FeCr, FeMo, FeNb, FeV, FeB, some complex ferroalloys) and their behaviours in steel melt after the additions of these ferroalloys, information from a large number of previous results on this topic was extensively reviewed in this work. The applications of different ferroalloys and their production trends were discussed. In addition, the effects of some trace element impurities from ferroalloys on the inclusion characteristics in steel were also discussed. The possible harmful inclusions in different ferroalloys were identified. Overall, the results showed that the inclusions present in ferroalloys had the following influence on the final steel cleanliness: (1) MnO, MnS and MnO–SiO2–MnS inclusions from FeMn and SiMn alloys have a temporary influence on the steel quality; (2) the effect of large size SiO2 inclusions (up to 200 μm) in FeSi and FeMo alloys on the steel cleanliness is not fully understood. The effect of Al, Ca contents should be considered before the addition of FeSi alloys. In addition, Al2O3 inclusions and relatively high Al content are commonly found in FeTi, FeNb and FeV alloys due to their production process. This information should be paid more attention to when these ferroalloys are added to steel; (3) except for the existing inclusions in these alloys, the Ti-rich, Nb-rich, V-rich carbides and nitrides, which have important effects on the steel properties also should be studied further; and (4) specific alloys containing REM oxides, Cr–C–N, Cr–Mn–O, Al2O3, Al–Ti–O, TiS and Ti(C, N) have not been studied enough to enable a judgement on their influence on the steel cleanliness. Finally, some suggestions were given for further studies for the development of ferroalloy productions.

Research on Recycling Technology of Vanadium Extracting Waste

2012 ◽  
Vol 260-261 ◽  
pp. 744-747
Author(s):  
Long Kui Jiang ◽  
Xiang Fei Zou
Keyword(s):  
Molten Steel ◽  
Vanadium Slag ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Environmental Pressure ◽  
Recycling Technology ◽  
Steel Consumption

Based on the features of vanadium extracting waste in PanGang, technology ideas are proposed as following: vanadium extracting waste ash is used as coolant in converter, vanadium extracting and vanadium extracting residue is used as slagging material in steelmaking. Influence of slagging material on oxidability of molten steel in converter is analyzed, such as iron and steel consumption, effect of dephosphorization, influence of coolant on semisteel quality after extracting vanadium, and quality of vanadium slag. New way to utilize the waste is developed. Recycling the vanadium extracting waste in PanGang, mitigate the environmental pressure.

Direct inkjet printing of composite thin barium strontium titanate films

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 2820-2825 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kaydanova ◽  
A. Miedaner ◽  
C. Curtis ◽  
J. Alleman ◽  
J.D. Perkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strontium Titanate ◽  
Barium Strontium Titanate ◽  
Inkjet Printing ◽  
Root Mean Square Roughness ◽  
Metal Electrodes ◽  
Barium Strontium ◽  
Direct Current Bias ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Tan Δ

Composite Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3/MgO thin films with 60% tuning and tan [H9254] of 0.007 at 2 GHz were deposited using metal organic decomposition inks by spin coating on single crystal MgO substrates. The films with approximately 1 mol% MgO in Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 had a better tuning/loss ratio than either the 0 or the 10 mol% MgO substituted films. Crystalline Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 films were produced on both MgO and alumina substrates by inkjet printing of metalorganic precursors with subsequent thermal decomposition followed by annealing at 900°C. Barium strontium titanate lines as narrow as 100 μm were printed on the alumina substrates. The inkjet-printed films were predominantly (100) oriented on MgO and (110) oriented on alumina. The crystalline quality of the inkjet-printed films was improved by annealing at 1100°C for 3 h in oxygen. Both the printed and the spin-coated films had smooth surfaces (300 Å root-mean-square roughness) as required for subsequent deposition of high-resolution metal electrodes. An inkjet-printed Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 film (3500 Å) on MgO annealed at 1100°C had 20% tunability of the dielectric constant (ε) at 9.1 V/μm direct current bias and tan δ < 0.002 at 1 MHz.

scholarly journals Effects of High-Grain Diet on the Quality of Meat and Carcass of Lambs and Economic Indices of Various Diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Hélia Maria de S. Leite ◽  
Nayane V. Batista ◽  
Allison F. de Lima ◽  
Salenilda S. Firmino ◽  
Ana Paula P. de Assis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
Economic Indices ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Animal Production System

The Brazilian sheep farming sector suffers from low productivity, related to the extensive animal production system and low availability of native fodder during most of the year. An alternative to the systems would be the use of a diet without roughage, allowing greater weight gain and better quality carcasses. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of diets containing different proportions of grains on the quality of carcass and meat of lambs as well as the economic indices of various diets. Three diets containing different proportions of concentrate and roughage (100:0, 80:20, and 60:40) were supplied. The concentrate comprised 85% whole-grain corn and 15% commercial pelletized supplement. Twenty-four male lambs (no racial pattern; average body weight, 20.9 &plusmn; 1.0 kg; age, 6 months) were randomly allotted to three collective bays for 52 days. Subsequently, the animals were slaughtered, and further analyses were performed. The diet with 100% concentrate achieved overall higher carcass yield, lower weight loss on cooking, and greater lipid oxidation. However, no diet affected weight gain, slaughter weight, carcass length and thorax depth, pH, temperature, color, water-holding capacity, and meat shear force (P &gt; 0.05). The best economic indices were obtained with the diet containing 100% concentrate. Therefore, based on the results obtained, the use of 100% concentrated diet for lambs is the most suitable practice to improve the sheep production from a productive and economic point of view.

Optical Measurement Technologies and Systems for Industrial Applications

2005 ◽  
Vol 295-296 ◽  
pp. 201-208
Author(s):  
Yuri V. Chuguy
Keyword(s):  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Structured Illumination ◽  
Industrial Testing ◽  
Shadow Systems ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
Inspection Tasks ◽  
Fuel Elements

Ensuring the safety of nuclear reactors and their high exploitation reliability requires a 100 % noncontact precise inspection of geometrical parameters of their fuel elements, grid spacers and quality of fuel element surface. For the solution of these 3D inspection tasks we have developed and produced a laser measuring machine (LMM) using multipoint structured illumination, optoelectronic shadow systems as Control and optical low-coherent profilometer as Radar. The results of their industrial testing are presented and discussed.

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