scholarly journals THE FEATURES OF THE BIOMECHANICS IN FOOTBALL PLAYERS ON THE ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES OF THE GROIN

2021 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-105
Author(s):  
Anastasia Omelchenko ◽  
Oleksandr Ioffe ◽  
Oleksandr Kovalchuk ◽  
Natalia Nehria ◽  
Boris Reznychenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Groin Pain ◽  
Rectus Abdominis ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Return To Sports ◽  
City Hospital ◽  
Sports Hernia ◽  
The Third ◽  
Adductor Muscles

Pain in the lower abdomen and groin can occur in athletes who perform sharp lower extremity movement during training or sports, make sharp turns and change direction of the trunk movement as well as lower extremity acceleration/deceleration. An excessive load during the sports game can disturb the biomechanics of the player's movements. A precise localization of damaged tissues can improve for the diagnosis, determining treatment and forecasting the time of return to sports. The aim was to estimate the importance of the football biomechanics movement for the anatomy of the groin and to determine the anatomical features of the groin in football players with sports hernia. We analysed the thickness and length measurements on MRI of the rectus abdominis muscle in 51 football players of professional and amateur clubs aged 17 to 33 years with groin pain who were treated at the Kyiv Clinical City Hospital №3 for the period 2014-2020. In the second stage of the study, we investigated the peak force of the abdominal muscles (rectus abdominis, external oblique abdominal muscles) and the adductor muscles of both lower extremities using the microFET2 dynamometer for 4 groups of football players. The first group of the study includes 15 football players of professional clubs with sports hernia who had received conservative treatment, the partipants of the second group are 36 football players after laparoscopic hernioplasty, the third group consisted of 54 healthy young football players and 11 teenage footballers. In the third stage of the study, a formula was substantiated, according to which we calculated the acceleration of the lower extremity when kicking the ball. The results of the study demostrate that the disruption of the lower extremity biomechanics during kicking the ball cause the appearance of sports hernia in football players. An axial MRI scan of groin areas of football players with sports hernia represented changes in the lateral edge of the rectus abdominis. The groin pain syndrome of football players with sports hernia includes three pathogenetic mechanisms of development: disruption of the biomechanics, muscle imbalance and microtrauma and inflammation.

scholarly journals THE FEATURES OF THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF A SPORTS HERNIA: A LITERATURE REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Anastasiia Omelchenko
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Groin Pain ◽  
Inguinal Canal ◽  
Family Physicians ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Sports Hernia ◽  
General Surgeons

Sports hernia is an important problem in professional and amateur sports. The article systematizes the literature and approaches to solving the groin pain during exercises, which is the main manifestation of sports hernia in football players. The presented research results show that a characteristic feature of a sports hernia is the presence of weakness of the posterior wall of the inguinal canal without anatomical signs of a typical hernia. For verification, the diagnosis is ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging of the groin. The study conducted a comparative analysis of the results of surgical treatment of sports hernia. This research can be useful for general surgeons, sports physicians, family physicians, orthopedists and traumatologists.

scholarly journals MRI AND ULTRASOUND CRITERIA FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF A SPORTS HERNIA IN FOOTBALL PLAYERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-760
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Yu. Ioffe ◽  
Natalia M. Negria ◽  
Anastasiia V. Omelchenko ◽  
Oleksandr P. Stetsenko ◽  
Yuri A. Dibrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Groin Pain ◽  
Inguinal Canal ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Football Player ◽  
Pubic Bone ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Sports Hernia ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Sports Activities

The aim of the study is to specify diagnostic MRI and ultrasound criteria for a sports hernia in order to verify its diagnosis in football players. Materials and methods: The study included 50 professional and amateur football players aged 15 to 34 from 2016 to 2019. The criteria for inclusion in the study were: the presence of groin pain in football players, which prevented them from continuing to actively participate in sports activities. Results: The findings of the study revealed that during MRI the two factors, which had the strongest influence, were “increased MR signal intensity on PDfs observed from the structures of the inguinal canal” and “increased MR signal intensity on PDfs observed from bone marrow of superior ramus of the pubic bone”. During ultrasound of the inguinal area, the main criterion for a sports hernia diagnosis was “increased size of the inguinal canal”. The verification of the diagnosis was carried out on the basis of the presence of a protrusion in the posterior wall of the inguinal canal. For a sports hernia diagnosis the MRI sensitivity is 91.67% (95% CI 77.5 – 98.2), specificity –78.57% (95% CI 49.2 – 95.3) and the sensitivity of ultrasound is 88.89% (95% CI 73.9 – 96.9), the specificity – 50% (95% CI 23.0 – 77). Conclusions: The combination of MRI and ultrasound makes it possible to accurately detect the presence of a sports hernia in the football player. Based on the findings of our study, we formulated MRI and ultrasound criteria for a sports hernia diagnosis.

Combining Values

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-4, 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Brigham
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Proximal Phalanx ◽  
Common Error ◽  
The Third ◽  
Whole Person ◽  
Impairment Ratings ◽  
Upper Extremity Impairment ◽  
The Individual

Abstract To account for the effects of multiple impairments, evaluating physicians must provide a summary value that combines multiple impairments so the whole person impairment is equal to or less than the sum of all the individual impairment values. A common error is to add values that should be combined and typically results in an inflated rating. The Combined Values Chart in the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, Fifth Edition, includes instructions that guide physicians about combining impairment ratings. For example, impairment values within a region generally are combined and converted to a whole person permanent impairment before combination with the results from other regions (exceptions include certain impairments of the spine and extremities). When they combine three or more values, physicians should select and combine the two lowest values; this value is combined with the third value to yield the total value. Upper extremity impairment ratings are combined based on the principle that a second and each succeeding impairment applies not to the whole unit (eg, whole finger) but only to the part that remains (eg, proximal phalanx). Physicians who combine lower extremity impairments usually use only one evaluation method, but, if more than one method is used, the physician should use the Combined Values Chart.

Changes in abdominal muscles architecture induced by different types of breathing

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Iria Da Cuña-Carrera ◽  
Alejandra Alonso-Calvete ◽  
Yoana González-González ◽  
Mercedes Soto-González
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Rectus Abdominis ◽  
Transversus Abdominis ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Architectural Characteristics ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Internal Oblique

BACKGROUND: The underlying morphology and behavior of abdominal muscles during breathing are still lacking in knowledge in healthy population. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of three different types of breathing on the architectural characteristics of abdominal muscles. METHODS: Ninety-eight healthy subjects were measured to assess the effects of breathing on the abdominal muscles, subjects performed three different types of breathing and the muscular thickness was measured with ultrasound imaging, analyzing also the differences between sexes. RESULTS: During the three different types of breathing and in comparison with the resting state, an increase of the thickness has been reported in the transversus abdominis (p< 0.001; effect size = 2.44, very large) and internal oblique (p< 0.001; effect size = 1.04, moderate) in both sexes, but with a higher increase in men. External oblique and rectus abdominis increased their thickness through breathing only while the lips were with pursed (p< 0.05) with trivial effect sizes and only differences between sexes were found in rectus abdominis. CONCLUSIONS: All breathings activated the deepest abdominal muscles, but the most superficial were only activated with lips pursed. Moreover, men appeared to activate more the deepest abdominal muscles but also the rectus abdominis. Findings in this study support the use of different types of breathing depending on the muscle to be activated or the sex, helping health care professionals to address their interventions on the abdominal muscles with a more focused approach.

scholarly journals Prediction of Core and Lower Extremity Strains and Sprains in Collegiate Football Players: A Preliminary Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary B. Wilkerson ◽  
Jessica L. Giles ◽  
Dustin K. Seibel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Collegiate Football ◽  
Receiver Operating

Context: Poor core stability is believed to increase vulnerability to uncontrolled joint displacements throughout the kinetic chain between the foot and the lumbar spine. Objective: To assess the value of preparticipation measurements as predictors of core or lower extremity strains or sprains in collegiate football players. Design: Cohort study. Setting: National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Football Championship Subdivision football program. Patients or Other Participants: All team members who were present for a mandatory physical examination on the day before preseason practice sessions began (n  =  83). Main Outcome Measure(s): Preparticipation administration of surveys to assess low back, knee, and ankle function; documentation of knee and ankle injury history; determination of body mass index; 4 different assessments of core muscle endurance; and measurement of step-test recovery heart rate. All injuries were documented throughout the preseason practice period and 11-game season. Receiver operating characteristic analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to identify dichotomized predictive factors that best discriminated injured from uninjured status. The 75th and 50th percentiles were evaluated as alternative cutpoints for dichotomization of injury predictors. Results: Players with ≥2 of 3 potentially modifiable risk factors related to core function had 2 times greater risk for injury than those with &lt;2 factors (95% confidence interval  =  1.27, 4.22), and adding a high level of exposure to game conditions increased the injury risk to 3 times greater (95% confidence interval  =  1.95, 4.98). Prediction models that used the 75th and 50th percentile cutpoints yielded results that were very similar to those for the model that used receiver operating characteristic-derived cutpoints. Conclusions: Low back dysfunction and suboptimal endurance of the core musculature appear to be important modifiable football injury risk factors that can be identified on preparticipation screening. These predictors need to be assessed in a prospective manner with a larger sample of collegiate football players.

Effects of postural changes and vestibular lesions on diaphragm and rectus abdominis activity in awake cats

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Cotter ◽  
H. E. Arendt ◽  
J. G. Jasko ◽  
C. Sprando ◽  
S. P. Cass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular System ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
Rectus Abdominis ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Body Rotation ◽  
Postural Changes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Awake Cats

Changes in posture can affect the resting length of the diaphragm, requiring alterations in the activity of both the abdominal muscles and the diaphragm to maintain stable ventilation. To determine the role of the vestibular system in regulating respiratory muscle discharges during postural changes, spontaneous diaphragm and rectus abdominis activity and modulation of the firing of these muscles during nose-up and ear-down tilt were compared before and after removal of labyrinthine inputs in awake cats. In vestibular-intact animals, nose-up and ear-down tilts from the prone position altered rectus abdominis firing, whereas the effects of body rotation on diaphragm activity were not statistically significant. After peripheral vestibular lesions, spontaneous diaphragm and rectus abdominis discharges increased significantly (by ∼170%), and augmentation of rectus abdominis activity during nose-up body rotation was diminished. However, spontaneous muscle activity and responses to tilt began to recover after a few days after the lesions, presumably because of plasticity in the central vestibular system. These data suggest that the vestibular system provides tonic inhibitory influences on rectus abdominis and the diaphragm and in addition contributes to eliciting increases in abdominal muscle activity during some changes in body orientation.

Estimation of loads and stresses in abdominal muscles during slow lifts

1997 ◽  
Vol 211 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
K D Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Maximum Stress ◽  
Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
Abdominal Pressure ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
The Third ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Age Range

Calculations are made of abdominal muscle loads and stresses associated with the development of intra-abdominal pressure during slow, symmetrical lifts. The muscles considered are the rectus, transversus and the external and internal obliques. Muscle loads and stresses have been calculated in an abdominal cross-section at about the level of the third lumbar vertebra. For four cases examined, maximum stress levels for men in the 25–35 years age range appear to be 3p-4p for the rectus muscles, 15p-25p for the transversus and 4p-6p for the obliques, where p is the intra-abdominal pressure. Corresponding figures for a man aged 66 years are about 8p, 21p and 8p respectively.

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