scholarly journals Synthesis of Arts in Soviet Architecture: stages of development, main directions, causes of their occurrence

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-27
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Bachynska
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Social Experiment ◽  
Party Leadership ◽  
Interstate Relations ◽  
Soviet People ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Total State

The history of the Soviet Union, its socio-economic, socio-political and socio-cultural life is unique in comparison with other countries. The USSR was created on the model of social development, expressed by European and Russian Utopian socialists and was grounded in the classics of Marxism-Leninism. So, the system of government, economic conditions and cultural activities of a society built on the hegemony of the proletariat was a long-running social experiment that conditioned the life of the Soviet people and influenced other countries as well. The experiment of a country with total state property envisaged that the party leadership assumed responsibility for defining all spheres of political life - both internal and interstate relations - and inevitably formed unified programs of cultural activity and social development, managed them, and financed and tightly controlled their implementation. The Soviet people, the so-called "working masses", were forced to live and act under uniform rules. Depending on the planning of the political, economic and social life of the party leadership throughout the existence of the USSR, the country went through several stages, which differed in the directions of forming an architectural and urban planning environment that had to meet the tasks of state and ideological character. Familiarizing yourself with this unique experience and finding the reasons for its formation is important for understanding the trends of social development in the twentieth century.

scholarly journals THE POLICY OF “RECONSTRUCTION” AND ITS PECULIARITIES IN THE SOCIO-POLITICAL LIFE OF UZBEKISTAN

2020 ◽  
pp. 431-434
Author(s):  
Khurshid Egamberdievich Khodjamberdiev
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Education Industry ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ecology Education

This article illuminated that the early 1980s, the social and political development of the Soviet Union began to show signs of decline. Therefore, a period of rapid decline in economic and social life began and also extensive development of the economy has resulted in more costs, and this has already begun to manifest itself in the political and social spheres were opened by the helping scientific literatures and archive documents as well. KEY WORDS: policy, Uzbekistan, culture, ecology, education, industry, reconstruction, import, export.

The Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Party Leadership, Organization and Ideology

1957 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
John Shelton Curtiss ◽  
Boris Meissner ◽  
John S. Reshetar
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Party Leadership ◽  
The Soviet Union

From Soviet Republics to Independent Countries: Challenges of Transition in Central Asia

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 291-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirzohid Rahimov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Economic Regulation ◽  
Interstate Relations ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Creation

AbstractIn the twentieth century, the Central Asian countries of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan passed through a complex historical period. They were originally founded as republics of the Soviet Union in the 1920s-30s as a result of national and territorial state delimitation. The process of the creation of new national state formations began after the Soviet Union disintegrated and these republics achieved independence. At the same time, the region's nations are facing complex problems of transition and the creation of new societies. Nevertheless, these countries have to continue the process of political and economic reforms, as well as development of civic institutions. The Central Asian nations established contacts with foreign states and international organizations and started to form a system of interstate relations between the countries of the region. There are potentials for development of regional integration of Central Asia. Future integration will depend on the readiness of the nations to carry out political and economic reforms, introduce forms and methods of economic regulation compatible with global norms, and most important, international support of political reforms and regional integration.

scholarly journals The Origins of European Security: the Factor of Neutrality in the early 1970s

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
Alexey Sindeev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Foreign Minister ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
European Security ◽  
Interstate Relations ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Over Time

The article continues to explore a topic of «Sources of European Security».The author analyzes the role of personalities, processes and factors that have influenced the modern European security system, sustainable and variable elements of the transformation of the European segment of international relations. On the basis of documents from the Swiss Federal Archives, this article highlightsthe position of Switzerland and, in some cases, Austria before the start of the substantive discussions of the agreed agenda at the Conference for Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE). The 1970 Moscow Treaty between the USSR and the Federal Republic of Germany and the start of the CSCE process led to the Soviet Union abandoning its longstanding attempts to establish cooperation between the great powers in parallel with the UN structures.The Foreign Minister of the USSR Andrei Gromyko warned against this. Subsequently, the role of the small and medium-sized countries in the two ideological camps increased. The overall picture of interstate relations became more complicated. It is therefore no coincidence that the CSCE is treatedcontroversially in historiography. Considering that transformations are associated with continuous forms, positions, and mechanisms that have been tested over time, the author makes hypotheses and recommendations at the end of the article.

East Germany's New Kulturkampf

Worldview ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Eleutherius
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Party Member ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
Party Leadership ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Social ◽  
Crown Prince ◽  
The Church

In 1970 I was told by a ranking SED (Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschland) party member: “If you think Walter Ulbricht has been a severe taskmaster, wait until he steps down and his crown prince, Erich Honecker, takes the party leadership. Ulbricht at first tried to imitate the Soviet Union slavishly, but he finally came to see that Germany is not the Soviet Union, that the DDR would have to develop its own brand of socialism. Honecker is much more subservient to Moscow than Ulbricht and much more blind to the social and political importance of the Christian Church.” In the mid-fifties, Ulbricht learned that persecuting the Church did not pay political, social or economic dividends.

Terror in Soviet Architecture: The Murder of Mikhail Okhitovich

Slavic Review ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh D. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Common People ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Soviet Union

Throughout the 1920s and into the years of Stalinism, progressive architects in the Soviet Union sought to construct new forms of housing and settlement that would offer the best of modern technology and whose design would include provisioning of services that would allow all citizens, especially women, to partake in creative work. Schools, dining facilities, laundries, parks, cinemas, clubs and housing in a choice of styles formed the core of these architectural dreams. In the tradition of the Populists, modernist architects initially saw themselves as teachers but some came to appreciate the necessity of listening and began to learn from worker assessments of housing and urban design. This communication formed the basis for bridging, at least in housing, the cultural gap between revolutionary elites and common people. Inherent in the modernist movement in architecture, as reflected most eloquently in the work of the Association of Contemporary Architects (OSA), was a greater democratization of political and social life.

ASSESSMENT OF HUMAN LOSSES OF THE RSFSR DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

2021 ◽  
pp. 100-108
Author(s):  
Lydia S. Parshintseva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
High Price ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Military Population ◽  
Soviet People ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Human Losses

The Second World War is one of the most destructive, brutal and bloody wars in the history of mankind. The Soviet people "paid" a high price for the liberation of their territories and the territories of the countries of Europe and Asia from the fascist regime. The war claimed the lives of 11444,1 thousand Soviet servicemen and 13684,7 thousand civilians of the Soviet Union, leaving eternal memory and glory to the heroism, feats and perseverance of Soviet citizens. Statistics cannot convey the full depth of the tragedy for our people, but they can objectively assess the scale of human, economic, material, socio-cultural problems. The article is devoted to the topic of assessing the human losses of the RSFSR during the Great Patriotic War and the contribution of the Soviet people to the establishment of inter-country peace. To achieve this goal, an analysis of the losses of the civilian and military population of the RSFSR in wartime was performed, in particular, the dynamics of the population by gender and age was analyzed, a comparative assessment of the actual population with the hypothetical one was given, the irretrievable losses of Soviet servicemen and civilians, including children, were analyzed, the infant mortality of the population was studied, and the ratio of the number of men and women at the beginning and end of the war was considered. The Great Patriotic War "threw" the country back decades in terms of demography, social and economic development. For example, with regard to human losses, it took 10 years for the population to reach the pre-war level again. In the scientific article, the official data of the Federal State Statistics Service were used, for data analysis, the methods of constructing generalizing indicators, dynamics series, comparative analysis, as well as tabular and graphical representation of the results obtained were used.

scholarly journals Actually-Existing Success: Economics, Aesthetics, and the Specificity of (Still-)Socialist Urbanism

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 907-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Murawski
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Social Goals ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Economic Stratification ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Critical Overview

AbstractA quarter century following the collapse of the Soviet Union and the people's democracies, many of the dwellings, utilities, and public spaces built by these regimes continue to be cherished by their inhabitants and users. This has only increased as post-socialist urban landscapes undergo an ever-intensifying process of neoliberal “re-privatization,” de-planning, and spatial as well as economic stratification. Scholars, however, continue to produce accounts emphasizing how socialist cities and buildings, as well as the audacious social goals built into them, failed. This article provides a critical overview of recent literature on built socialism and identifies a tension between two parallel ethnographic and historical narratives. One argues that built socialism failed, because it was too obsessed with the economy and industry and neglected every other aspect of social life. The other pins the blame for failure on built socialism's alleged fixation with aesthetic or discursive realms and its corresponding neglect of the economy. The article closes by suggesting pathways for comparative scholarship that consider built socialism in terms of not only collapse and disintegration, but also success and endurance; not simply ofeithereconomyoraesthetics, but also of their reciprocal inter-determination and co-dependence. We must look beyond the lens of imported theories and consider “vernacular” or “emic” concepts rooted in the specificities and singularities of the socialist city itself.

scholarly journals Autonomy and Ideology: Brezhnev, Ceauşescu and the World Communist Movement

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
CEZAR STANCIU
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
The Political ◽  
International Meeting ◽  
Party Leadership ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The World ◽  
Communist Movement ◽  
Nicolae Ceausescu

AbstractOne of Leonid Brezhnev's primary goals when he acceded to party leadership in the Soviet Union was to restore Moscow's control over the world communist movement, severely undermined by the Sino-Soviet dispute. Nicolae Ceauşescu of Romania was determined to prevent this, in order to consolidate his country's autonomy in the Communist bloc. The Sino-Soviet dispute offered the political and ideological framework for autonomy, as the Romanian Communists claimed their neutrality in the dispute. This article describes Ceauşescu's efforts to sabotage Brezhnev's attempts to have China condemned by an international meeting of Communist parties between 1967 and 1969. His basic ideological argument was that unity of world communism should have a polycentric meaning.

The Communist Party of the Soviet Union: Party Leadership, Organization and Ideology

1958 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Robert V. Daniels ◽  
Boris Meissner ◽  
John S. Reshetar ◽  
Fred Holling
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Party Leadership ◽  
The Soviet Union
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