scholarly journals Application of laser scanning for monitoring condition of buildings and structures during reconstruction

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Irina Rudneva
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Return Time ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Laser Beams ◽  
Operational Control ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Engineering Geodesy

Ground-based laser scanning technology has been increasingly used in the last 15 years to solve problems not only in engineering geodesy, but also in the inspection of buildings and structures, in particular to identify damage and deformation during operation and reconstruction, as well as operational control of construction. and monitoring of their condition during operation, 3D-modeling of complex architectural objects. The growing popularity of laser scanning is due to a number of advantages provided by the new technology in comparison with other measurement methods. Among the advantages are the main ones: increasing the speed of work and reducing labor costs. The emergence of new more productive models of scanners, improving software capabilities allows us to hope for further expansion of the scope of ground-based laser scanning. Three-dimensional laser scanning emits millions of laser beams and, by calculating their return time, can accurately and accurately calculate their three-dimensional locations to make multiple high-speed scans combined into one system. This works by digitally recording the dimensions and spatial communication of objects by reflecting laser radiation.

scholarly journals High-speed volumetric two-photon fluorescence imaging of neurovascular dynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Lan Fan ◽  
Jose A. Rivera ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
John Peterson ◽  
Henry Haeberle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Fluorescence Signal ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
Two Photon

AbstractUnderstanding the structure and function of vasculature in the brain requires us to monitor distributed hemodynamics at high spatial and temporal resolution in three-dimensional (3D) volumes in vivo. Currently, a volumetric vasculature imaging method with sub-capillary spatial resolution and blood flow-resolving speed is lacking. Here, using two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM) with an axially extended Bessel focus, we capture volumetric hemodynamics in the awake mouse brain at a spatiotemporal resolution sufficient for measuring capillary size and blood flow. With Bessel TPLSM, the fluorescence signal of a vessel becomes proportional to its size, which enables convenient intensity-based analysis of vessel dilation and constriction dynamics in large volumes. We observe entrainment of vasodilation and vasoconstriction with pupil diameter and measure 3D blood flow at 99 volumes/second. Demonstrating high-throughput monitoring of hemodynamics in the awake brain, we expect Bessel TPLSM to make broad impacts on neurovasculature research.

scholarly journals Technology of three-dimensional laser scanning of real estate objects (3D modeling) in cadastral activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (4) ◽  
pp. 042071
Author(s):  
K V Tikhonova ◽  
Yu S Solovyova ◽  
V S Geydor ◽  
D A Tikhonov
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
3D Modeling ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Real Property ◽  
State Register ◽  
Three Dimensional Representation ◽  
State Registration

Abstract Laser scanning in cadastral activities is a tool for obtaining information about real estate objects in a 3D format. The purpose of the research is to obtain information that is necessary for state cadastral registration and state registration of rights, land supervision and local government oversight. Deductive, inductive, analytical, comparative-legal and other scientific methods were used for the most complete coverage of the problem. The article considers the procedure of laser scanning, shooting modes when using laser scanning and the process of a real estate object 3D model creation. The methods of scanning were studied, namely: terrestrial, airborne and mobile. The greatest attention is paid to the advantages and features of using laser scanning technologies for real property. The results of the study showed that the laser scanner can be used not only in geodesy for engineering surveys, 3D modeling of quarries, when obtaining data on the volume of rock, during mining, assessing the situation in an emergency, but it can also be used in cadastral and complex cadastral works. The main attribute of laser scanning is a three-dimensional representation of data about the object, which can be immediately used, but the high accuracy and low labor costs are no less important. Therefore, three-dimensional laser scanning technologies can be used both in the creation of models of cities, and the unified cartographic basis of the Unified State Register of Real Estate, as well as in valuation activities during the taxation of buildings and structures.

The 2D-S (Stereo) Probe: Design and Preliminary Tests of a New Airborne, High-Speed, High-Resolution Particle Imaging Probe

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1462-1477 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Paul Lawson ◽  
Darren O’Connor ◽  
Patrick Zmarzly ◽  
Kim Weaver ◽  
Brad Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Laser Beams ◽  
Probe Design ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Pixel Resolution ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Particle Imaging ◽  
Overlap Region

Abstract The design, laboratory calibrations, and flight tests of a new optical imaging instrument, the two-dimensional stereo (2D-S) probe, are presented. Two orthogonal laser beams cross in the middle of the sample volume. Custom, high-speed, 128-photodiode linear arrays and electronics produce shadowgraph images with true 10-μm pixel resolution at aircraft speeds up to 250 m s−1. An overlap region is defined by the two laser beams, improving the sample volume boundaries and sizing of small (<∼100 μm) particles, compared to conventional optical array probes. The stereo views of particles in the overlap region can also improve determination of three-dimensional properties of some particles. Data collected by three research aircraft are examined and discussed. The 2D-S sees fine details of ice crystals and small water drops coexisting in mixed-phase cloud. Measurements in warm cumuli collected by the NCAR C-130 during the Rain in Cumulus over the Ocean (RICO) project provide a test bed to compare the 2D-S with 2D cloud (2D-C) and 260X probes. The 2D-S sees thousands of cloud drops <∼150 μm when the 2D-C and 260X probes see few or none. The data suggest that particle images and size distributions ranging from 25 to ∼150 μm and collected at airspeeds >100 m s−1 by the 2D-C and 260X probes are probably (erroneously) generated from out-of-focus particles. Development of the 2D-S is in its infancy, and much work needs to be done to quantify its performance and generate software to analyze data.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Particle Tracking and Temperature Measurements during Additive Manufacturing using a High-speed Spectral Plenoptic Camera

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin Kelly ◽  
Ralf Fischer ◽  
Ari Goldman ◽  
Sarah Morris ◽  
Bart Prorok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Particle Tracking ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
High Speed ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Melt Pool ◽  
Plenoptic Camera ◽  
Metal Additive

In this work, a high-speed spectral plenoptic camera was used for three-dimensional (3D) simultaneous particle tracking and pyrometry measurements of hot spatter particles ejected during the metal additive manufacturing process. Additive manufacturing (AM) has an increasing role in the aerospace, energy, medical and automotive industry (DebRoy et al., 2018). While this new technology enables the production of highly advanced parts, research on the fundamental mechanisms governing the laser-matter interactions are an ongoing challenge because of the spatial and temporal resolution inherent to the AM process. One challenge is the characterization of spatter particles ejected from the melt pool, as these particles can be incorporated into the final part affecting the mechanical properties (Deng et al., 2020). One potential solution for simultaneously measuring velocity and temperature of the spatter particles is the spectral plenoptic camera.

New Technology of Surveying and Mapping in the Application of Deformation Monitoring

2013 ◽  
Vol 333-335 ◽  
pp. 1492-1495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Ping Feng ◽  
Tian Zhu Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Deformation Monitoring ◽  
High Density ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Engineering Measurement

Deformation monitoring is one of the engineering measurement tasks. Three-dimensional laser scanning technology as a new technology has developed in recent years. With its high accuracy, high density, real-time and initiative, it wins great favor of people in the industry. Its unique technical advantages and characteristics make it widely used in many fields. The article summarizes the application of deformation monitoring methods and discusses the characteristics of ground 3D laser scanner, its working principles, its application in the field of deformation monitoring and some problems that should be considered.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Object Surface Edge Profiles Detected with a 2-D Laser Scanning Sensor

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 4060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Yan ◽  
Xiaochan Wang ◽  
Heping Zhu ◽  
Peter Ling
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Similarity Score ◽  
Laser Sensor ◽  
Variable Rate ◽  
Edge Profile ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Edge Similarity

Canopy edge profile detection is a critical component of plant recognition in variable-rate spray control systems. The accuracy of a high-speed 270° radial laser sensor was evaluated in detecting the surface edge profiles of six complex-shaped objects. These objects were toy balls with a pink smooth surface, light brown rectangular cardboard boxes, black and red texture surfaced basketballs, white smooth cylinders, and two different sized artificial plants. Evaluations included reconstructed three-dimensional (3-D) images for the object surfaces with the data acquired from the laser sensor at four different detection heights (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 m) above each object, five sensor travel speeds (1.6, 2.4, 3.2, 4.0, and 4.8 km h−1), and 8 to 15 horizontal distances to the sensor ranging from 0 to 3.5 m. Edge profiles of the six objects detected with the laser sensor were compared with images taken with a digital camera. The edge similarity score (ESS) was significantly affected by the horizontal distances of the objects, and the influence became weaker when the objects were placed closer to each other. The detection heights and travel speeds also influenced the ESS slightly. The overall average ESS ranged from 0.38 to 0.95 for all the objects under all the test conditions, thereby providing baseline information for the integration of the laser sensor into future development of greenhouse variable-rate spray systems to improve pesticide, irrigation, and nutrition application efficiencies through watering booms.

Polyamide 4T: A New Lead-Free Solderable Polymer Enabling Packaging Technology Through Micro Molding and LDS

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 (DPC) ◽  
pp. 001563-001584
Author(s):  
Tamim Sidiki
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Common Mode ◽  
Packaging Technology ◽  
Semiconductor Chip ◽  
High Flexibility

The continuous trend towards convergence and miniaturization is recently generating significant interest in new technologies for Electronics. This requires the integration of Semiconductors and Magnetics, two entirely different industries with different players in the value chain. In this paper, we demonstrate, a packaging technology which allows three dimensional stacking of Magnets and Semiconductors. We realized the integration of a Semiconductor chip - which provides protection against electro static discharge (ESD) – and a common mode filter (CMF) into one thermoplastic package. For the first time ever, this filter is integrated directly into the thermoplastic part which is used as the substrate, filter and housing at the same time. Laser direct structuring in combination with Stanyl® ForTiiTM as an ultra high performance, entirely halogen-free high temperature thermoplastic omits any wires for the realized coil, and also facilitates high flexibility in design and manufacturing, allowing ultra small footprints and the realization of components suitable for surface mount technology. As an example of this new technology, we demonstrate a component which can provide full ESD protection and common mode filtering for a high speed USB2.0 interface.

Three-Dimensional Laser Machining of Composite Materials

1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Chryssolouris ◽  
P. Sheng ◽  
W. C. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Groove Depth ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
Laser Beams ◽  
Laser Machining ◽  
Continuous Beam ◽  
Model Predictions

This paper presents a concept for performing three-dimensional laser machining on composite materials, using two intersecting laser beams to create grooves on a workpiece. A volume of material is removed when the two grooves converge. An analysis of the grooving process was conducted for carbon/teflon and glass/polyester materials. A model was developed to determine groove depth from process parameters and material properties. Close agreement was found between model predictions and experimental results for groove depths in carbon/teflon. Model predictions consistently overestimated depth values for continuous-beam glass/polyester results, and underestimated depth values for pulsed-beam glass/polyester at low power/high speed. Corrections for heat losses and high-temperature chemical interactions were added to the model to improve agreement with data. Groove width and damage width results were compared with surface quality standards for laser cutting of composites.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Maraging Steel Produced Using Hybrid Additive/Subtractive Manufacturing

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Sheida Sarafan ◽  
Priti Wanjara ◽  
Javad Gholipour ◽  
Fabrice Bernier ◽  
Mahmoud Osman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
Maraging Steel ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Hybrid Manufacturing ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Subtractive Manufacturing ◽  
Static Tensile

Hybrid manufacturing is often used to describe a combination of additive and subtractive processes in the same build envelope. In this research study, hybrid manufacturing of 18Ni-300 maraging steel was investigated using a Matsuura LUMEX Avance-25 system that integrates metal additive manufacturing using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) processing with high-speed machining. A series of benchmarking coupons were additively printed at four different power levels (160 W, 240 W, 320 W, 380 W) and with the integration of sequential machining passes after every 10 deposited layers, as well as final finishing of selected surfaces. Using non-contact three-dimensional laser scanning, inspection of the final geometry of the 18Ni-300 maraging steel coupons against the computer-aided design (CAD) model indicated the good capability of the Matsuura LUMEX Avance-25 system for net-shape manufacturing. Linear and areal roughness measurements of the surfaces showed average Ra/Sa values of 8.02–14.64 µm for the as-printed walls versus 0.32–0.80 µm for the machined walls/faces. Using Archimedes and helium (He) gas pycnometry methods, the part density was measured to be lowest for coupons produced at 160 W (relative density of 93.3–98.5%) relative to those at high power levels of 240 W to 380 W (relative density of 99.0–99.8%). This finding agreed well with the results of the porosity size distribution determined through X-ray micro-computed tomography (µCT). Evaluation of the static tensile properties indicated that the coupons manufactured at the lowest power of 160 W were ~30% lower in strength, 24% lower in stiffness, and more than 80% lower in ductility relative to higher power conditions (240 W to 380 W) due to the lower density at 160 W.

scholarly journals Automation of the process of reverse engineering of urban development projects based on the results of aerial photographic operations

2020 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Elena Akulova ◽  
Aleksandr Alybaev ◽  
Daria Buzina
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Spatial Form ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Software Products ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Planning Problems

3D models of objects of urban development, created by the results of aerial photographic operations or laser scanning, have high metric accuracy, but require significant labor costs, both in terms of creation and visualization. To construct three-dimensional models that allow the user to perceive information in the usual spatial form, and satisfying the accuracy requirements for solving urban planning problems, it is proposed to automate the reverse engineering process based on the Metashape and ContextCapture software products.

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