Hygienic assessment of potential ecotoxicological risk of the use of new insecticide spiromesifen in agriculture of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
I.V. Tkachenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Ecotoxicological Risk ◽  
Environmental Objects ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Agricultural Use

Objective: The aim of our work was to study the potential ecotoxicological hazard of a new chemical from the class of tetramic and tetronic acid derivatives - the insecticide spiromesifen, taking into account its physico-chemical properties and impact on the environmental objects. Materials and methods: An assessment of the potential danger of spiromesifen use for ecosystems was carried out on the basis of the calculation of the ecotoxicological hazard (ecotox) by N.N. Melnikov’s method. The field studies were carried out in different agro-climatic zones of Ukraine. The treatment of vineyards and apple trees was carried out at the maximum consumption rates of spiromesifen. Results: According to the literary data and our research, it was found that in the soil-and-climatic conditions of Ukraine, the ecotoxicological risk, when using the new insecticide spiromesifen, is 10,000 times and 7,000 times low than the analogous characteristics of DDT. Ecotox abamectin is 154 times low than ecotox DDT. This makes preparations, based on these substances, more promising and competitive among other pesticides in agricultural use. We can conclude that spiromesifen does not pose a threat to terrestrial ecosystems and health of the population.

scholarly journals PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BAMBOO CHARCOALS FROM SPECIES Bambusa vulgaris var vittatta, Dendrocalamus asper AND Phyllostachys pubescens

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo José de Queiroz Baz ◽  
Francisco De Almeida Filho ◽  
Elel Aparecida Martines Morales ◽  
Beatriz Aiello Yazbek ◽  
Juliana Cortez Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
General Context ◽  
Phyllostachys Pubescens ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Bambusa Vulgaris ◽  
Dendrocalamus Asper

The search for sustainable fuels has become important for the development of energy generation in balance with the environment. Brazil has climatic conditions and a vast territory for the production of forest biomass. The research produced in the laboratory determines the gravimetric yield, upper calorific value, percentages of fixed carbon, volatile and ashes of the charcoals of bamboo species: Bambusa vulgaris var vittatta, Dendrocalamus asper and Phyllostachys pubescens. For the carbonization process, small pieces of bamboo were obtained, were dried in the stove at 100°C for 24 hours, the dried mass was weighed and added in a carbonizer heated to 150°C for 45 minutes, heated to 180°C for 45 minutes and heated to 210°C for 30 minutes, this charcoal was then cooled and  weighed to calculate the gravimetric yield. The samples were pulverized in a pot mill, the upper calorific value in a calorimeter was determined. The volatile, fixed carbon and ash contents were determined according to the Brazilian MB-15 method. The results obtained for the species B. vittatta, D. asper and P. pubescens, were respectively: gravimetric yield 44.08%, 42.77% and 47.09%; calorific value 28.806kJ/g, 29.075kJ/g and 28.489kJ/g; percentage of fixed carbon 62.1%, 66.09% and 57.8%; percentage of volatiles 35.89%, 30.92% and 40.4%; ash percentage 2.01%, 2.99% and 1.8%. It was observed that the D. asper specie presented better results in the general context of the analysis carried out because, despite presenting a slightly lower gravimetric yield, it presented the higher calorific value and higher fixed carbons content. 

scholarly journals Effect of Organic Manures Application on Soil Physicochemical Properties of Coarse-textured Ultisol and Okra Productivity in Nsukka, Southeastern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.V. Azuka ◽  
Matthew Chukwuemeka Idu
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Mean Weight Diameter ◽  
Optimum Productivity ◽  
Npk Fertilizer

Background: The greenhouse and field studies were carried out to assess the effect of different rates of poultry manure (PM), pig slurry (PS) and the recommended NPK fertilizer on some soil physico-chemical properties and okra yield of coarse-textured Ultisols in Nsukka, southeastern Nigeria. Methods: The PM and PS were applied at three different rates (10, 20 and 40 t ha-1) as well as no amendment as control and the recommended NPK fertilizer (300 kg/ha) and replicated five times. Soil and agronomic data collected were analyzed for variance (ANOVA) using Genstat 4.0.Result: The PM and PS significantly (p less than 0.05) improved soil pH, soil organic matter, available phosphorous, total nitrogen, aggregate stability, mean weight diameter, bulk density, porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity in greenhouse and field studies. Significant improvement in CEC was obtained in the field study. The PM and PS significantly (p less than 0.05) improved agronomic parameters e.g. plant height, number of leaves, biomass weight and yield of okra than the control. Poultry manure showed its superiority over other amendments in improving soil and agronomic properties. The study recommended 20 t ha-1 of PM and 40 t ha-1 of PS for sustainable soil and optimum productivity of okra in Nsukka, southeastern Nigeria.

scholarly journals PROVISION OF CONDITIONS OF COMPARABILITY OF RESULTS IN FIELD BIOTECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH USING A COMPUTER EXPERIMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Leonid Gorbunov ◽  
Nadiia Larintseva ◽  
Oksana Zviahintseva
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Computer Experiment ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Comparability Of Results ◽  
Corn Grains

When conducting biotechnological field studies using plant objects, there is a problem of taking into account the heterogeneity of the results, the imperfection of methods leads to the need for multiple repetitions of experiments, but the issue of reproducibility and comparability of research results is not resolved, therefore, the use of mathematical models in research makes it possible not only to identify, but also to explain the obtained patterns. The subject of the study in the article is a simulation model for estimating the mass of corn grains taking into account their genotype and growing conditions. The model is based on an analytical expression that reflects the main reasons for the growth of corn seeds after pollination of the plant. The mass of corn grains depends on a number of biological factors (genotype), technological – soil structure (its fertility and methods of cultivation), and climatic conditions (humidity, light intensity). The aim of the study is to create a simulation model to ensure the comparability of the results obtained when growing corn for grain in different conditions. Biological (cultivation) and mathematical (simulation model) methods were used as methods for obtaining and constructing results. The discrepancy in the estimation of the mass of grain of the same genotype grown in different research farms of different climatic zones of Ukraine and obtained by calculation was not more than 18 % and obtained experimentally up to 64 %. A feature of the model is the independence of the heterogeneity of the bioobject (studied lines and hybrids) from the conditions of their cultivation (soil structure and climatic conditions). The application of mathematical modeling makes it possible to reduce the differences in the studied indicators up to 25 times, which were obtained in different experiments, thereby significantly reducing time, money and provide a condition for comparability of results to obtain a reliable result.

scholarly journals Altitudinal Variation in Soil physico-chemical properties of a Western Himalayan Forest , Uttarakhand, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinay Rawat ◽  
Ajendra Singh Bagri ◽  
Hardeep Singh ◽  
Prabhawati Tiwari ◽  
Jay Krishan Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Western Himalaya ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Altitudinal Variation ◽  
Topographic Features ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Forest Division

The physico-chemical properties of soil vary with the variation in the topographic features, climatic conditions and forest types. In any forest ecosystem, both vegetation and soil influence each other through nutrient cycles. The altitudinal variation in soil physico-chemical properties was analyzed in a temperate forest (Radi forest) of Upper Yamuna Forest Division in Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand (Western Himalaya, India). A total of three forest sites were selected at different altitudes (the lower, middle, and upper) to collect composite soil samples from each site covering 0–10 cm, 11–20 cm and 21–30 cm depths. The textural class of the soils was sandy loam. The colour of the soil samples varied from brown to very dark brown. The water holding capacity (r = 0.994), soil organic carbon (r = 0.967), organic matter (r = 0.966), nitrogen (r = 0.993), phosphorus (r = 0.982) and potassium content (r = 0.994) had positive correlation with altitude whereas negative correlation was observed between altitude and soil pH (r = -0.983) in the study. The present study concludes that soil physico-chemical properties in temperate forests of Uttarakhand Himalaya vary significantly with variation in altitude.

scholarly journals Influence of seasonal and edaphic factors on the diversity of scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) and general observations on their ecology from Kerala, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 10386
Author(s):  
Dhanya Balan ◽  
P. M. Sureshan
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Edaphic Factors ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Soil Ecosystem Services ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) are a diverse group of invertebrate communities, which play significant, but often poorly acknowledged or understood roles in the delivery of soil ecosystem services.  In the present paper we analyze the impact of seasonal and edaphic factors on the species diversity of scolopendromorph centipedes based on the field studies conducted in three selected sites.  The study sites included a protected forest ecosystem, an undisturbed isolated hillock and a residential plot at Kozhikode District, Kerala, India.  The study was performed from April 2011 to November 2012.  Overall 486 individuals belonging to 18 species under the families Cryptopidae and Scolopendridae were collected.  The range of Shannon-Wiener diversity was 0.89–2.58 and Simpson diversity was 1.91–13.69.  Species diversity is also influenced by variations in seasons and various physico–chemical properties of soil in the study area. General observations on parental care, moulting, hibernation and ectoparasitism were also included.

Decoration of specific sites on freeze-fractured membranes

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-141
Author(s):  
H. Gross ◽  
H. Moor
Keyword(s):  
Pure Water ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Surface Forces ◽  
Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽  
Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Water Of Hydration ◽  
Small Container ◽  
Binding Forces

Fracturing under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV, p ≤ 10-9 Torr) produces membrane fracture faces devoid of contamination. Such clean surfaces are a prerequisite foe studies of interactions between condensing molecules is possible and surface forces are unequally distributed, the condensate will accumulate at places with high binding forces; crystallites will arise which may be useful a probes for surface sites with specific physico-chemical properties. Specific “decoration” with crystallites can be achieved nby exposing membrane fracture faces to water vopour. A device was developed which enables the production of pure water vapour and the controlled variation of its partial pressure in an UHV freeze-fracture apparatus (Fig.1a). Under vaccum (≤ 10-3 Torr), small container filled with copper-sulfate-pentahydrate is heated with a heating coil, with the temperature controlled by means of a thermocouple. The water of hydration thereby released enters a storage vessel.

Physico-Chemical Properties of Recombinant Desulphatohirudin

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (03) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Electricwala ◽  
L Irons ◽  
R Wait ◽  
R J G Carr ◽  
R J Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Alpha Helix ◽  
Apparent Molecular Weight ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Nmr Studies ◽  
Recombinant Hirudin ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Recombinant Molecule

SummaryPhysico-chemical properties of recombinant desulphatohirudin expressed in yeast (CIBA GEIGY code No. CGP 39393) were reinvestigated. As previously reported for natural hirudin, the recombinant molecule exhibited abnormal behaviour by gel filtration with an apparent molecular weight greater than that based on the primary structure. However, molecular weight estimation by SDS gel electrophoresis, FAB-mass spectrometry and Photon Correlation Spectroscopy were in agreement with the theoretical molecular weight, with little suggestion of dimer or aggregate formation. Circular dichroism studies of the recombinant molecule show similar spectra at different pH values but are markedly different from that reported by Konno et al. (13) for a natural hirudin-variant. Our CD studies indicate the presence of about 60% beta sheet and the absence of alpha helix in the secondary structure of recombinant hirudin, in agreement with the conformation determined by NMR studies (17)

Physico-chemical properties of the rare-earth metals, scandium, and yttrium

1963 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M. Savitskii ◽  
V.F. Terekhova ◽  
O.P. Naumkin
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Rare Earth
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