SERO-PREVALANCE OF ANTI HBSAG AMONG FEMALE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS OF DISTRICT PESHAWAR

Background: Hepatitis B is a liver infection caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV). This infection can be acute or chronic. HBV infection can be prevented through immunization included in EPI in 2004 in Pakistan. Females are more unsafe and risky group for HBV infection having lots of chances for exposure to blood contact and female can transmit infection vertically to their children. Therefore immunization of females is very important. Methods: The study was carried out among female university students of district Peshawar of age range 20 to 30.A written informed consent was taken from the head of departments of different universities of district Peshawar and from individual responder. Similarly about 200 questionnaires were filled from female University students of the defined age range. The information regarding the demography, HBV vaccination history and family history of HBV infection was gathered. About 3 to 5ml blood samples were collected from all HBV vaccinated and non vaccinated female students for determination of natural or vaccine induced immunity against hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag). The collected blood samples were transferred to PHRC centre Khyber medical college for anti HBs Ag test. Data was gathered and analysed by SPSS version 22. Results: This study consists of 200 female university students, among them 163(81.5%) were from urban and 37(18.5%) were from rural area. Out of 200 female students 45(22.5%) were none vaccinated and 131(65.5%) were vaccinated. Only 64(32%) have completed their vaccination course and only 79(60.3%) university students were having positive immunity against HBV (positive HBsAb). Results shows that 5(2.5%) university students have infected persons in their families, and only 2(40%) infected families were HBV vaccinated. Conclusion: This study provided low HBV vaccination status and antibody sero-prevalence in spite of HBV vaccination. Schedule vaccination need full attention. HBsAb test should be done after every 5-10 years of HBV vaccination to ensure a booster dose vaccine.

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STUDY OF PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN (HBSAG) IN BLOOD DONOR POPULATION BORN PRIOR TO AND AFTER IMPLEMENTATION OF HBV VACCINATION IN KERALA, SOUTH INDIA

10.36106/ijar/0405657 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 66-67

Author(s):

Indu . P.K

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Blood Donor ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

Vaccination Schedule ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽

P Value ◽

Hbv Vaccine ◽

Hbv Vaccination

BACKGROUND: Since 1995 Hepatitis B vaccination became a part of Extended immunization Program (EIP) in India, neonates started getting immunoprophylaxis against Hepatitis B virus. Since vaccination started recently, exact prevalence of immunized persons were not available, but anyway vaccinated blood donors over 18 years old are progressively increasing MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study 2400 blood donors were screened for HBsAg by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays, among the donor blood samples which are positive for HBsAg were noted. Various demographic patterns of blood donor were analyzed. To know about impact of vaccination on prevalence HBV infection among donors who born after the implementation of mandatory HBV vaccination schedule was compared with blood donors those who are born before HBV vaccination schedule RESULTS: Among the blood donors overall prevalence of HBV infection was 0.75% HBsAg. HBV vaccinated blood donor were protected from getting disease ,showing P value of 18 years (0.07), 19 years(0.01), 20 years(0.02) CONCLUSION: Young blood donors born after implementation of universal HBV vaccination in lndia presented higher prevalence of HBsAg but lower incidence of HBsAg seroconversion than older. HBV vaccine boosting for adolescents at 15–17 years old prior to reaching blood donor age may improve blood safety.

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Age-wise and Gender-wise Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection in Lahore, Pakistan

BioScientific Review ◽

10.32350/bsr.0104.03 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 01 (04) ◽

pp. 20-28

Author(s):

Aqib Nazeer ◽

Shahid Ali ◽

Imran Tipu

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Age Group ◽

Pakistani Population ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Significant Difference ◽

B Virus ◽

And Gender

Background The prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the Pakistani population has been reported previously, however, studies with a city-oriented approach and focus on age and gender distribution are very limited. Therefore, the current study was designed to unravel the age-wise and gender wise prevalence of HBV in Lahore, Pakistan. Methods A total of 350 blood samples of both male and female patients who visited National Genetic Laboratory, Lahore between February 2019 and July 2019 and who were suspected of HBV infection were screened. Sandwich based ELISA was used to detect rapid hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) according to the manufacturer’s instruction. Real time PCR was used to detect HBV using HBV Rotor Gene PCR kit. Results Out of 350 blood samples screened for HBV infection (n= 350), 180 (51.43%) were of males and 170 (48.57%) were of females. Mean age (years) with SD (standard deviation) of the screened population was 37.22 ± 12.16 years. Overall, 224 samples (64%) were found to be positive for HBV infection. In our study, the number of females with this infection (52.24%) was slightly higher than males (47.76%). However, we observed no statistically significant difference (p = 0.225) between them. Conclusion Our study concludes that HBV is highly prevalent in Lahore, Pakistan. Females are slightly more susceptible to HBV infection as compared to males. This study also reports that HBV is more prevalent in the 20-40 age group.

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Ineffectiveness of hepatitis B vaccination in cirrhotic patients waiting for liver transplantation

Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology ◽

10.1155/2000/548206 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 14 (suppl b) ◽

pp. 59B-63B ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Edith Villeneuve ◽

Jean Vincelette ◽

Jean-Pierre Villeneuve

Keyword(s):

Liver Transplantation ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

De Novo ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽

Hbv Vaccine ◽

Hbv Vaccination ◽

De Novo Hepatitis B ◽

Cirrhotic Patients

Cirrhotic patients who undergo liver transplantation are at risk of acquiring de novo hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection at the time of transplantation. It is common practice to immunize these patients against HBV, but the efficacy of vaccination is uncertain. The response to vaccination with a recombinant HBV vaccine was examined in 49 patients with cirrhosis before liver transplantation. Patients received three doses (20 µg) of Engerix-B (SmithKline Beecham) at zero, one and two months before transplantation, and their response was measured on the day of liver transplantation (9.3±1.2 months after the initial dose of vaccine). Results were compared with those reported in healthy adults vaccinated according to the same schedule. Fourteen of 49 cirrhotic patients (28%) developed antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) levels of more than 10 U/L after vaccination compared with 97% of healthy controls. Four patients (8%) had anti-HBs levels of more than 100 U/L compared with 83% in healthy individuals. Mean anti-HBs titre in the 14 responders was 62 U/L compared with 348 U/L in controls. No factor was identified that predicted response to vaccination. One of 49 patients acquired de novo HBV infection at the time of liver transplantation. Current HBV vaccination of cirrhotic patients waiting for liver transplantation is ineffective, and new strategies need to be developed to increase the response rate.

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Molecular Characteristics of HBV Among Blood Donors in Southern China with Different HBsAg ELISA Results by Two Kits

10.21203/rs.3.rs-76662/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xianlin Ye ◽

Tong Li ◽

Ran Li ◽

Heng Liu ◽

Junpeng Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Southern China ◽

Core Promoter ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Elisa Kit

Abstract Background: The blood donors tested reactive (R) for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) but were missed by routine nucleic acid test (NAT), which can be resulted by the infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) with extremely low viral load. This phenomenon remains a strict threat to blood transfusion in China.Objectives: We aimed to investigate and analyze the molecular characteristics of HBV among blood donors that detected as HBsAg reactive (R) in single ELISA Reagent. Methods: The blood donations were detected as HBsAg R in one ELISA kit, using two kinds of ELISA reagents. These samples with non-reactive (NR) results by NAT were collected and tested for HBsAg by Abbott chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CLIA) with neutralization test, the level of HBsAg were further detected by Roche electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA). The viral basic core promoter (BCP) and pre-core (PC) and S regions were also amplified by nested-PCRs. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) for viral load determination and individual donation NAT of Roche reagent were adopted simultaneously. HBsAg was confirmed by the results of CLIA, ECLIA, nested-PCR, qPCR, and ID-NAT.Results: Of 100,252 donations, 38 and 41 were identified as HBsAg reactive only in WanTai and DiaSorin ELISA kit respectively, after blood screening using WanTai and DiaSorin ELISA assays. 79 (0.077%, 79/100,252) blood samples with ELISA R-NR and NAT NR results were enrolled in the study. Of which, 17 (21.5%,17/79) were confirmed as HBsAg positive. Of 14 cases genotyped, genotype B were 78.6% (11/14), C and D was observed in 2 (14.2%, 2/14) and 1 sample (7.1%, 1/14), respectively. Mutations in the S gene such as Y100C, Y103I, G145R, and L175S were found, which can affect the detection of HBsAg. A high-frequency mutation, T1719G (93.3%), was detected in BCP/PC and would reduce the replication of the virus. Conclusion: A small part of blood samples with HBsAg ELISA R-NR and NAT NR results were confirmed as HBV infection, viral nucleic acids were found in most of those samples through the in-house NAT methods. It is necessary to apply more sensitive and specific assays for the detection of HBV infection among blood donors.

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PO 8585 HIV, HBV AND HCV PREVALENCE, CO-INFECTIONS, RISK FACTORS AND AWARENESS AMONG STUDENTS IN A NIGERIAN UNIVERSITY

BMJ Global Health ◽

10.1136/bmjgh-2019-edc.155 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (Suppl 3) ◽

pp. A59.1-A59 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Margaret Japhet ◽

Moses Adewumi ◽

Adesina Olufisayo

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

University Students ◽

Preventive Intervention ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Sex Partners ◽

Awareness Campaigns ◽

Hbv Prevalence ◽

Age Range

BackgroundHIV, Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) are life threatening viral infections. Co-infections are possible since they share routes of transmission through exchange of blood/body fluids. Youths are the most vulnerable to HIV infection due to unsafe practices. There is no free counselling and testing for HBV/HCV in Nigeria, hence many may not be aware of their HBV/HCV status. This study assessed prevalence, knowledge and risk factors of transmission among University students in order to provide preventive intervention.MethodsPreviously counselled/consenting university students (total=903, M=502, F=428; age range 16–40 years; mean age 19 years) were enrolled. Relevant information was collected through questionnaire. About 5 ml of blood was collected from each student and serum recovered was analysed for detectable HIV antigens/antibodies using specific ELISA kit. HIV antigen/antibody-positives were analysed for detectable hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-HCV. The HIV and HBV-positives were compared in terms of gender, age group, and risk factors by use of chi-square and Fischer exact tests, with two-tailed significance using SPSS version 20.0.1 for Windows.ResultOf the 930 students examined, 630 (67.7%) were sexually active and 104 (16.5%) had multiple sex partners. Knowledge of HIV, HBV and HCV status was 55%, 36.3% and 4.2% respectively. Overall, 13 (1.40%) students had detectable HIV antigens and/or antibodies, 5 (38.5%) of whom were HBV-positive, none had HCV infection. All HBV-positive students were ignorant of their HBV status. HIV and HBV-positive students fall within age range 15–24 years with higher HIV/HBV prevalence in females than males. Statistical significance exists between HIV, HBV prevalence and a) gender, b) number of sex partners, and c) sharing sharps with people of unknown HIV/HBV status (p=0.005; 0.002 and 0.005, respectively).ConclusionKnowledge about HBV and HCV is generally low among the students. Awareness campaigns specifically tailored towards educating young adults on HIV, HBV and HCV prevention/control should be encouraged.

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Horizontal Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus Infection to United States-Born Children of Hmong Refugees

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.89.2.269 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 89 (2) ◽

pp. 269-273

Author(s):

Marjorie B. Hurie ◽

Eric E. Mast ◽

Jeffrey P. Davis

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

Horizontal Transmission ◽

Vaccination Schedule ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Childhood Vaccination ◽

B Virus ◽

Household Members

There is evidence that hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission continues among Southeast Asian refugees after resettlement. To determine the prevalence of HBV infection (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] positive or core antibody positive) and modes of transmission in Hmong refugee households in Wisconsin, results of serologic tests were reviewed for 429 US-born children not previously vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine and 754 of their Asian-born household members. The prevalence of HBV infection was 14% (62/429) among all US-born children, 30% (21/69) among children whose mothers were HBsAg-positive, and 11% (41/360) among children whose mothers were HBsAg-negative. Among children whose mothers were HBsAg-negative, the prevalence of HBV infection increased with increasing age (χ2 test for trend = 5.6, P .02) and was related to the household presence of HBsAg-positive sibling(s) (relative risk 4.0; 95% confidence interval = 1.5, 9.3; P < .001). Of the 62 infected children, 13 (21%) lived in households with no HBsAg-positive household members. US-born children of Hmong refugees apparently acquire HBV infection through both horizontal and perinatal transmission. These findings emphasize the importance of routinely integrating hepatitis B vaccine doses into the childhood vaccination schedule for all infants whose parents are from areas where HBV infection is highly endemic. In addition, the findings support the need for pediatricians to consider vaccinating older children (up to age 7 years) whose parents are from HBV-endemic areas.

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High Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the Age Range of 20-39 Years Old Individuals in Lome

The Open Virology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874357901710011001 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Malewe Kolou ◽

Gnatoulma Katawa ◽

Mounerou Salou ◽

Komlan Selom Gozo-Akakpo ◽

Sika Dossim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Teaching Hospitals ◽

Clinical Indication ◽

B Virus ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Age Range

Background: Hepatitis B is a liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). It affects all women and men irrespective of age. Although sub-Saharan Africa is an area of high prevalence of this disease, data on the prevalence of acute and chronic HBV infections in this region remain to be widely documented. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of HBV in relation to age in Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Campus (CHU-C), one of the two teaching hospitals of Lome, Togo. Method: The present study is a cross-sectional study about the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriage from 2009 to 2011. All study participants were screened for HBsAg at the Immunology laboratory of CHU Campus of Lome. Results: One thousand two hundred individuals were screened for HBsAg from 2009-2011. The overall prevalence of HBV infection was 19.08%. This prevalence was significantly higher in men (25.00%) than women (14.80%). The highest prevalence of HBV was observed in age range of 20-29 years and 30-39 years with respectively 26.33% and 21.67%. The lowest prevalence was 6.08%, found in people over 50 years. Concerning the clinical indication of the test, the prevalence during the clinical abnormalities related to liver (CARL) was the highest (26.21%), followed by the systematic screening (SS) with 20.25% while the pre-operative assessment (POA) showed the lowest prevalence with 5.56%. Conclusion: The study shows the high prevalence of HBsAg carriage in young people. This could be used to enhance prevention and treatment of HBV infection in Togo.

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Is hepatitis B surface antigen (HB s Ag) enough alone as a screening test for HBV infection in rheumatic disease patients before starting immunosuppressive therapies? A cross sectional study.

Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871526519666191212094141 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

Author(s):

Rasha Abdel-Noor ◽

Mona Watany ◽

Sherief Abd-Elsalam ◽

Walaa ElKhalawany ◽

Shaimaa Soliman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Rheumatic Diseases ◽

Surface Antigen ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Human Immune Deficiency Virus ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hbs Ag ◽

Rheumatic Patients

Background & objectives: Prevalence of hepatitis B virus in patients with rheumatic diseases has been reported differently among studies. The loss of immune control in these patients may result in the reactivation of HBV replication within hepatocytes. Considering the lifelong use of multiple anti-rheumatic drugs, screening for HBV is recommended before starting immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory therapy. The aim of this study was to select the best and simplest test for screening of HBV in rheumatic patients. Methods: This study was carried out on 102 patients with different rheumatic diseases. Screening to all patients by hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies and human immune deficiency virus antibodies (HIV) were done. HBV core antibodies and real time PCR to detect HBV DNA were done. Results: The mean age of the patients was 37.18 ± 12.37 years, 3.9% of them were males and 96.1% were females. HBsAg had 100% Sensitivity, 100% Specificity, 100% PPV, 100% NPV and 99.0% accuracy. While, anti-HBc had 100% Sensitivity, 78% Specificity, 8% PPV, 100% NPV and 78% accuracy in screening of HBV. Conclusions: HBs Ag was found to be superior to antiHBc for screening for HBV infection in rheumatic patients.

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Ante-natal screening for hepatitis B surface antigen: an appraisal of its value in a low prevalence area

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268800001217 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 117 (1) ◽

pp. 121-131 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

M. J. Dwyer ◽

P. G. McIntyre

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Direct Cost ◽

Surface Antigen ◽

Current Practice ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Published Data ◽

East Anglia ◽

Hbsag Positivity ◽

Hbv Vaccination

SummaryThe costs and projected benefits of universal screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in pregnant women in East Anglia are calculated and compared with current practice. By adjusting data from West Midlands region for ethnicity, the prevalence of maternal hepatitis B surface-antigen (HBsAg) positivity in East Anglia is predicted to be 0·083% (1 in 1200). Published data on health risks of perinatal HBV infection and on immunisation efficacy are used to derive benefits of screening. The marginal direct cost of screening is identified from regional sources. Current clinical practice in East Anglia identifies 7 surface-antigen positive mothers per year, whereas 22 are expected. Routine antenatal screening in East Anglia would prevent 2·6 additional childhood carriers per year (compared with current practice), resulting in the prevention of 0·7 deaths per year occuring 40–50 years in the future. The direct cost per (undiscounted) life-year saved would be £2437, not including savings on treatment for chronic hepatitis B infection. Routine prenatal screening for maternal HBsAg should be introduced without delay and continue even if HBV vaccination is introduced into the UK childhood immunisation schedule.

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How Far we are towards Eradication of HBV Infection

Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases ◽

10.15403/jgld.2014.1121.244.hbv ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 473-479 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mihai Voiculescu

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

T Cell ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

T Cell Receptors ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Major Health Problem ◽

Cell Receptors ◽

B Virus

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major health problem with an important biological and a significant socio-economic impact all over the world. There is a high pressure to come up with a new and more efficient strategy against HBV infection, especially after the recent success of HCV treatment. Preventing HBV infection through vaccine is currently the most efficient way to decrease HBV-related cirrhosis and liver cancer incidence, as well as the best way to suppress the HBV reservoir. The vaccine is safe and efficient in 80-95% of cases. One of its most important roles is to reduce materno-fetal transmission, by giving the first dose of vaccine in the first 24 hours after birth. Transmission of HBV infection early in life is still frequent, especially in countries with high endemicity.Successful HBV clearance by the host is immune-mediated, with a complex combined innate and adaptive cellular and humoral immune response. Different factors, such as the quantity and the sequence of HBV epitope during processing by dendritic cells and presenting by different HLA molecules or the polymorphism of T cell receptors (TOL) are part of a complex network which influences the final response. A new potential therapeutic strategy is to restore T-cell antiviral function and to improve innate and adaptive immune response by immunotherapeutic manipulation.It appears that HBV eradication is far from being completed in the next decades, and a new strategy against HBV infection must be considered. Abbreviations: ALT: alanine aminotransferase; APC: antigen presenting cells; cccDNA: covalently closed circular DNA; HBIG: hepatitis B immunoglobulin; HbsAg: hepatitis B surface antigen; HBV: hepatitis B virus; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; CTL: cytotoxic T lymphocyte; IFN: interferon; NUC: nucleos(t)ide analogues; pg RNA: pre genomic RNA; TLR: toll-like receptors; TOL: T cell receptors.

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