scholarly journals Comparison of acid degumming methods and their influence on the formation of 3-MCPD-esters and glycidyl esters in sunflower oil deodorization

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
A. Demydova ◽  
◽  
I. Levchuk ◽  
O. Аksonova ◽  
S. Molchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Glycidyl Esters ◽  
Final Content ◽  
Mcpd Esters ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Ascorbic Acids ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium Ions

Degumming is the first stage in processing of vegetable oils, and it is aimed at removing phospholipids. The article compares the results of degumming by phosphoric and citric acids, their effects on the extraction of calcium and magnesium ions from oils, these ions being the main components of nonhydratable phospholipids. We showed the appropriateness of combining citric and succinic acids (the final content of phospholipids in oil was 0.034%, whereas it was equal to 0.048% when citric acid was used) and citric and ascorbic acids (the final content of phospholipids in oil was 0.040%). We studied the effect of acid degumming on the formation of 3-MCPD-esters and glycidyl esters. The content of glycidyl esters after degumming with citric acid and phosphoric acid was 310 g kg–1 and 200 g kg–1, respectively. After degumming with citric acid and phosphoric acid, the content of 3-MCPD-esters in the deodorized oil was 680 g kg–1 and 470 g kg–1, respectively. On the contrary, aqueous degumming does not increase the content of these esters in the deodorized sunflower oil (the content is less than 100 g kg–1) and its implementation can be recommended as one of the ways to prevent the formation of these toxic substances during deodorization.

scholarly journals The effect of rosemary extract on 3-MCPD and glycidyl esters during frying

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yıldırım ◽  
A. Yorulmaz
Keyword(s):  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Frying Oil ◽  
Rosemary Extract ◽  
Deep Fat Frying ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Potato Crisps ◽  
Glycidyl Esters ◽  
Sunflower Oils ◽  
Mcpd Esters ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis L

The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of rosemary extract (Rosmarinus Officinalis L.) on the 3-MCPD and glycidyl ester contents during deep-fat frying. Firstly, the potato samples were soaked in different concentrations of NaCl and they were fried in sunflower oils containing different concentrations of rosemary extract. Subsequently, repeated frying was carried out with sunflower oil enriched with rosemary extract. The frying oil and the oil extracted from potato samples were analyzed in terms of the contents of 3-MCPD and glycidyl esters according to DGF C VI 18 (10) method. The results demonstrated that the content of 3-MCPD and glycidyl esters in frying oil was not significantly affected by different NaCl and rosemary extract concentrations during short term frying; however, the amount of 3-MCPD esters was found to be lower for the potato crisps enriched with rosemary extract during repeated frying cycles.

scholarly journals Factors Impacting the Formation of 3-MCPD Esters and Glycidyl Esters During Deep Fat Frying of Chicken Breast Meat

2017 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 759-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Hua Wong ◽  
Oi Ming Lai ◽  
Faridah Abas ◽  
Kar Lin Nyam ◽  
Imededdine Arbi Nehdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chicken Breast ◽  
Deep Fat Frying ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Glycidyl Esters ◽  
Mcpd Esters ◽  
Chicken Breast Meat

scholarly journals Effect of various pretreatments of oil palm empty fruit bunch fibres for subsequent use as substrate on the performance of cellulase production by Aspergillus terreus

BioResources ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-307
Author(s):  
Mahdi Shahriarinour ◽  
Mohd Noor Abdul Wahab ◽  
Shuhaimi Mustafa ◽  
Rosfarizan Mohamad ◽  
Arbakariya B. Ariff
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Chemical Pretreatments ◽  
Main Components ◽  
High Cellulose

The possibility of using treated oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibres as substrate for cellulase production by Aspergillus terreus was studied using shaking flask fermentation. The effect of different chemical pretreatments, i.e. formic acid, acetic acid, propylamine, phosphoric acid, and n-butylamine, on the suitability of OPEFB fibres as fermentation substrate was investigated. The findings revealed that pretreatment with these chemicals significantly (P<0.05) increased the cellulose and reduced the lignin contents prior to enzymatic hydrolysis. However, fermentation using OPEFB fibres pretreated with phosphoric acid gave the highest cellulase production, which was related to high cellulose content. Further improvement in cellulase production was obtained when the chemically pretreated OPEFB fibres were subsequently treated hydrothermally (autoclaved at 160oC for 10 min) and then biologically (using effective microorganisms). The final activity of the three main components of cellulase (FPase, CMCase, and β-glucosidase) obtained in fermentation by A. terreus using optimally treated OPEFB fibres was (0.77 U mL−1, 8.5 U mL-1, and 6.1 U mL-1), respectively. The production of all these three major components of cellulase using pretreated OPEFB fibres (i.e. chemical, hydrothermal, and biological) were about three times higher than those obtained from fermentation using untreated OPEFB fibres.

scholarly journals Reinforcement of bond strength of self-etching orthodontic adhesive

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Shinya Horiuchi ◽  
Shingo Kuroda ◽  
Masahiro Hiasa ◽  
Toshiyuki Suge ◽  
Seitaro Saku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Polyacrylic Acid ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Adhesive System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bonding System ◽  
Adhesive Remnant Index ◽  
Debonding Process

Abstract Objective: To determine the reinforcement of bond strength of a self-etching system by applying a pretreatment agent. Materials and Methods: Sixty extracted human premolars were used in this study. The enamel surfaces were treated with four pretreatment agents—phosphoric acid, polyacrylic acid, citric acid, and ammonium hexafluorosilicate (SiF)—and were examined under a scanning electron microscope. Afterward, orthodontic brackets were bonded with a self-etching adhesive system (n  =  10 for each agent), and shear bond strength was measured through a debonding process. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) was also assessed. Results: Enamel surfaces treated with polyacrylic acid seemed almost the same as intact enamel. Treatment with SiF induced slight shallow depressions compared with the intact enamel. On the other hand, enamel surfaces treated with citric acid and phosphoric acid showed severe etching patterns. All pretreatments increased the bond strength, but SiF-treated specimens revealed the greatest strength (12.201 ± 1.048 MPa), followed by polyacrylic acid (12.030 ± 2.103 MPa). The control group with no pretreatment showed the least strength (9.078 ± 1.678 MPa). All pretreatments increased ARI score compared with the control group. Conclusions: Surface conditioning before bracket adhesion could reinforce the bond strength of the self-etching adhesive system, resulting in a more reliable bonding system.

scholarly journals Monitoring of heat-induced carcinogenic compounds (3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters and glycidyl esters) in fries

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Hua Wong ◽  
Kok Ming Goh ◽  
Kar Lin Nyam ◽  
Ling Zhi Cheong ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Oil Oxidation ◽  
Frying Temperature ◽  
Glycidyl Esters ◽  
Mcpd Esters ◽  
Frying Cycle ◽  
Safety Limit ◽  
Cycle Temperature ◽  
Added Salt

Abstract 3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) esters and glycidyl esters (GE) are heat-induced contaminants which form during oil refining process, particularly at the high temperature deodorization stage. It is worth to investigate the content of 3-MCPD and GE in fries which also involved high temperature. The content of 3-MCPD esters and GE were monitored in fries. The factors that been chosen were temperature and duration of frying, and different concentration of salt (NaCl). The results in our study showed that the effect was in the order of concentration of sodium chloride < frying duration < frying temperature. The content of 3-MCPD esters was significantly increased whereas GE was significantly decreased, when prolong the frying duration. A high temperature results in a high 3-MCPD ester level but a low GE level in fries. The present of salt had contributed significant influence to the generation of 3-MCPD. The soaking of potato chips in salt showed no significant effect on the level of GE during the frying. The oil oxidation tests showed that all the fries were below the safety limit. Hence, the frying cycle, temperature and the added salt to carbohydrate-based food during frying should be monitored.

scholarly journals Phosphogypsum recycling into inorganic dyes

2019 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Nina Shabelskaya ◽  
Roman Medvedev ◽  
Yuliya Gaidukova ◽  
Marina Astachova
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Reducing Agents ◽  
Calcium Sulfide ◽  
Secondary Products ◽  
Main Component

Currently, chemical wastes recycling into valuable secondary products poses a pressing challenge. During phosphoric acid production from apatite raw materials, large-tonnage phosphogypsum wastes are formed, resulting in ecosystem dysfunction. Besides, such wastes occupy significant production areas. Calcium sulfate is the main component of phosphogypsum. The paper addresses the possibility of phosphogypsum reduction to calcium sulfide, which has the capacity for luminescence under UV-light. Charcoal, sucrose, and citric acid were used as reducing agents. The obtained inorganic luminescent dyes were examined using X-ray phase analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). It was found that, in the presence of charcoal, the process is accompanied by an uneven distribution of calcium sulfide over the volume of the system and, as a consequence, an uneven glow of the sample. The use of citric acid and sucrose as reducing agents results in the synthesis of samples with a uniform glow. The efficiency of the calcium sulfate conversion to calcium sulfide is 51–58%. A mechanism of calcium sulfate reduction is proposed. The obtained results can serve as a basis for the development of a technology for the recycling of large-tonnage phosphoric acid production wastes into cheap and much-needed inorganic luminescent dyes.

scholarly journals Verification and evaluation of monochloropropanediol (MCPD) esters and glycidyl esters in palm oil products of different regions in Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1626-1636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raznim Arni Abd. Razak ◽  
Azmil Haizam Ahmad Tarmizi ◽  
Abdul Niefaizal Abdul Hammid ◽  
Ainie Kuntom ◽  
Intan Safinar Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Glycidyl Esters ◽  
Mcpd Esters

Effect of complexing agents on desulphurization and deashing of coal by H2O2/H2SO4 leaching

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1142-1154
Author(s):  
Hafiza Sana ◽  
Rizwan Haider ◽  
Muhammad Usman Rahim ◽  
Shahid Munir
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Coal Sample ◽  
Complexing Agents ◽  
Complexing Agent ◽  
Chemical Leaching ◽  
Optimized Conditions

The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of the addition of complexing agents on the removal efficiency of sulphur and ash contents during chemical leaching by acidified hydrogen peroxide. Representative coal sample from Lakhra was subjected to chemical leaching under various conditions of the parameters including time (60 and 120 min), temperature (25 and 50°C), complexing agents (citric acid and phosphoric acid) and the concentration of complexing agents (100 and 1000 ppm). The addition of complexing agents, i.e. citric acid and phosphoric acid imparted significant effects on improving the removal efficiency of sulphur and ash contents. Under optimized conditions, it was found out that the addition of citric acid improved the removal efficiency for sulphur from 63.88 to 83.47% and from 33.12 to 66.25% for ash. In case of phosphoric acid, the removal in sulphur and ash contents was increased from 63.77 to 80.77% and from 33.12 to 59.18%, respectively. Apparently, citric acid happened to be the most effective complexing agent, as compared to phosphoric acid. These results warrant subsequent detailed studies for further optimization of the process, including the use of some other complexing agents, as well.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document