scholarly journals Effect of various pretreatments of oil palm empty fruit bunch fibres for subsequent use as substrate on the performance of cellulase production by Aspergillus terreus

BioResources ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-307
Author(s):  
Mahdi Shahriarinour ◽  
Mohd Noor Abdul Wahab ◽  
Shuhaimi Mustafa ◽  
Rosfarizan Mohamad ◽  
Arbakariya B. Ariff
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Chemical Pretreatments ◽  
Main Components ◽  
High Cellulose

The possibility of using treated oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibres as substrate for cellulase production by Aspergillus terreus was studied using shaking flask fermentation. The effect of different chemical pretreatments, i.e. formic acid, acetic acid, propylamine, phosphoric acid, and n-butylamine, on the suitability of OPEFB fibres as fermentation substrate was investigated. The findings revealed that pretreatment with these chemicals significantly (P<0.05) increased the cellulose and reduced the lignin contents prior to enzymatic hydrolysis. However, fermentation using OPEFB fibres pretreated with phosphoric acid gave the highest cellulase production, which was related to high cellulose content. Further improvement in cellulase production was obtained when the chemically pretreated OPEFB fibres were subsequently treated hydrothermally (autoclaved at 160oC for 10 min) and then biologically (using effective microorganisms). The final activity of the three main components of cellulase (FPase, CMCase, and β-glucosidase) obtained in fermentation by A. terreus using optimally treated OPEFB fibres was (0.77 U mL−1, 8.5 U mL-1, and 6.1 U mL-1), respectively. The production of all these three major components of cellulase using pretreated OPEFB fibres (i.e. chemical, hydrothermal, and biological) were about three times higher than those obtained from fermentation using untreated OPEFB fibres.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch for Cellulose Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 945 (1) ◽  
pp. 012021
Author(s):  
Yi Hang Wong ◽  
Eamon Marcus T-Z Chew ◽  
Pey Yi Toh ◽  
Lee Muei Chng
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Process Intensification ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Cellulose Production ◽  
Alkali Extraction ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Lignocellulosic Feedstock ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) with a cellulose content of 39 wt% is a good promise to be an alternative lignocellulosic feedstock for cellulose production through environmentally friendly extraction process. Therefore, this research was aimed to establish an effective cellulose extraction scheme from OPEFB via introduction of ultrasonication in the alkaline pulping stage for process intensification. The process could greatly reduce alkali solvent usage for cellulose extraction, hence alleviating the environmental impact caused by chemical disposal. Firstly, four distinct pre-treatment techniques had been used to pre-treat the OPEFB powder, namely autoclave, organosolv, acid and microwave pre-treatments. Afterwards, the pre-treated samples further underwent ultrasonic-assisted alkali extraction to extract the cellulose content. It was observed that the autoclave pre-treated ultrasonic extract achieved the highest cellulose content of 77.14 wt% at optimum KOH concentration of 0.75 M, ultrasonic amplitude of 30%, duration of 30 min and temperature of 80 °C. Therefore, the introduction of ultrasonication in alkali extraction of cellulose was indeed an effective approach in establishing a green production scheme of cellulose from lignocellulose.

RECYCLING OF OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH AS POTENTIAL CARRIER FOR BIOFERTILIZER FORMULATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Then Kek Hoe ◽  
Mohamad Roji Sarmidi ◽  
Sharifah Shahrul Rabiah Syed Alwee ◽  
Zainul Akmar Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Viable Cell ◽  
Burkholderia Cenocepacia ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Total N

The palm oil industry generates large amount of biomass waste such as oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) and palm oil mill effluent (POME). This biomass would be typically recycled to produce EFB compost that is a valuable agricultural input. This study was conducted to evaluate the suitability of using EFB compost as carrier for nitrogen fixing bacteria (NFB) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB). Mixture (50-60% moisture) between EFB (shredded short fibres) and POME (anaerobic pond) were added with Effective Microorganisms (EM) to accelerate the composting process. The EFB compost reached thermophilic phase after 4-6 weeks with consistent temperature between 50-60oC. After 7 weeks of composting, EFB compost reached the mesophilic phase with continuous reduction of temperature to 35-40oC at week 8. The maturity of the compost is supported from the reduction of the C/N ratio from 36 (initial) to 20 (after 6 weeks). Mature EFB compost was sun-dried and ground into fine particle size (1 mm) prior to be used as carrier. Dried EFB compost carrier has the following characteristics (dry weight); average pH at 7.5, C/N ratio - 13.5, moisture - 17.4%, organic matter – 74.5%, total N - 3.06%, P - 0.37%, K - 4.74%, Ca - 3.32% and Mg - 0.79%. The inoculation of NFB and PSB into the EFB compost carrier from single cultures of Serratia marcescens and Enterobacter cloacae showed high viable cell count at 4.05 x 109 CFU/g and 2.75 x 108 CFU/g respectively at day three after inoculation. Meanwhile, the mixed culture of Burkholderia cenocepacia with Serratia marcescens showed 2.45 x 108 CFU/g and 4.31 x 109 CFU/g respectively. This clearly indicates the potential of using EFB as a useful alternative for bacterial immobilization prior to application in the oil palm industries.

scholarly journals PRODUKSI ENZIM SELULASE OLEH AKTINOMISET MENGGUNAKAN FROND SAGU

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Sumarni Nompo ◽  
Anja Meryandini ◽  
Titi Candra Sunarti
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Submerged Cultivation ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Cellulase Enzymes ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
High Cellulose

<p>Fround Sagu adalah pucuk batang sagu yang masih dibungkus oleh pelepah dan tidak diamnfaatkan oleh industri pengolahan sagu. Fround sagu memiliki kandungan serat dengan kandungan selulosa yang tinggi serta berpotensi dijadikan bahan baku untuk produksi selulase. Enzim selulase diproduksi melalui kultivasi substrat cair frond sagu oleh Aktinomiset. Subtart berupa tepung sagu dan ampas frond sagu, diinokulasi oleh isolat HJ4 (3b) dan HJ5 (4b). Kedua isolat diremajakan dalam medium ISP-4 selama 5 hari, kemudian diinokulasikan ke dalam media tepung frond sagu dan ampas frond dan diinkubasi dalam shaker pada suhu runag selama 9 hari. Kedua isolat Aktinomiset mampu menghasilkan enzim selulase pada kedua substrat dan metode kultivasi. Isolat HJ4 (3b) dan HJ4 (5b) pada perlakuan kultivasi substrat padat ampas frond sagu menghasilkan aktivitas spesifik yaitu endoglukase (CMCase) tertinggi yaitu 0.314 U mg-1 dan 0.294 U mg-1 dan aktivitas spesifik enzim eksoglukanase (FPase) yaitu 0.269 U mg-1 dan 0.258 U mg-1, sedangkan pada perlakuan kultivasi substat padat menggunakan tepung frond sagu dihasilkan aktivitas spesifik endoglukanase masing-masing sebesar 0.258 U mg-1 dan 0.254 U mg-1 serta aktivitas spesifik eksoglukanase 0.205 U mg-1 dan 0.198 U mg-1.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Production of Cellulase Enzyme by Actinomycet Using Sago Frond</strong></p><p>Sago frond is the upper part of sago trunk which is still wrapped by leaflet, and is not used by the sago processing industry. Sago frond contains fiber with high cellulose content that could potentially be used by as raw material for cellulase production. Cellulase enzymes were produced through both solid-state and submerged cultivation of sago frond by Actinomicycetes. Two substrates, sago frond flour and pulp of sago fronds, were inoculated by isolate HJ4 (3b) and HJ4 (5b). Both isolates were rejuvenated in Sp-4 medium for 5 days, then were inoculated into substrate of frond flour and hampas, and were incubated in a shaker at room temperature for 9 days. Both Actinomycetes isolates were able to produce cellulase enzymes by using both substrates and cultivation methods. The isolates of HJ4 (3b) and HJ4 (5b) by using pulp and solid-state cultivation produced the highest endoglucanase (CMCase) specific activity of 0.294 U mg-1 and 0.276 U mg-1 and exoglucanase (FPase) substrate specific activity os 0.252 U mg-1 and 0.241 U mg-1, while in the solid-state cultivation and by using sago fronds flour resulted in specific endoglucanase activities which were 0.242 U mg-1 and 0.238 U mg-1 and exoglucanase specific activities 0.192 U mg-1 and 0.185 U mg-1, respectively.</p>

scholarly journals Cellulase Production from Treated Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Degradation by Locally Isolated Thermobifida fusca

BioResources ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Amira Farhana Harun ◽  
Azhari Samsu Baharuddin ◽  
Mohd Huzairi Mohd Zainudin ◽  
Ezyana Kamal Bahrin ◽  
M. Nazli Naim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Thermobifida Fusca ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch

Characterization of Nanocrystalline Cellulose Isolated from Empty Fruit Bunch Using Acid Hydrolysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 9-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Gie Gan ◽  
Sung Ting Sam ◽  
Muhammad Faiq bin Abdullah ◽  
Nik Noriman bin Zulkepli ◽  
Yin Fong Yeong
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Nanocrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Spectra Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
High Cellulose

In recent years, there has been a great interest in the production of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) due to its excellent properties. In this study, empty fruit bunch (EFB) was used as the material for the production of NCC due to its high cellulose content, inexpensive and readily-available source. NCC was prepared using acid hydrolysis at 62% for 1 hours. The morphology of NCC was determined by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The size of NCC was less than 50 nm in width. The obtained NCC was also characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). FTIR spectra analysis showed that hemicellulose and lignin were mostly removed from the EFB after bleaching and alkaline pre-treatment. XRD diffractograms revealed that EFB nanocellulose showed a crystallinity improvement of 24.3% compared to raw EFB cellulose.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penambahan Nanoselulosa dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guinensis Jacq) terhadap Karakteristik Polivinil Alkohol (PVA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-209
Author(s):  
Fathia Arami B Tou ◽  
Eti Indarti ◽  
Ismail Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
High Cellulose

Abstrak: Tandan kosong kelapa sawit merupakan limbah padat terbesar yang dihasilkan oleh perkebunan kelapa sawit. Kandungan utama tandan kosong kelapa sawit adalah selulosa. Tingginya kandungan selulosa pada tandan kosong kelapa sawit dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan nanoselulosa. Nanoselulosa merupakan selulosa yang dihasilkan dalam skala nano dan memiliki sifat karakteristik yang jauh lebih baik dibandingkan dengan selulosa. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan isolasi selulosa yang berasal dari tandan kosong kelapa sawit untuk menghasilkan nanoselulosa yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pencampur (filler) pada polimer polivinil alkohol (PVA), sehingga diharapkan dapat memperbaiki karakteristik pada PVA. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengkaji isolasi selulosa menjadi nanoselulosa dari tandan kosong kelapa sawit serta mempelajari karakteristik pada PVA dengan adanya penambahan nanoselulosa. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan rancangan penelitian deskriptif yang terdiri dari jumlah penambahan nanoselulosa (N) dan jumlah PVA (P). Karakterisasi yang dilakukan adalah uji ketebalan, uji kuat tarik, uji FT-IR, uji WVP, dan uji UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan nanoselulosa berpengaruh terhadap karakteristik film PVA. The Effects of Adding Nanocellulose From Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (Elaeis guinensis Jacq) For Characterization of Polyvinil Alcohol (PVA) Abstract: Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) are the largest solid waste produced by oil palm plantations. The main content of oil palm empty fruit bunches is cellulose. High cellulose content in oil palm empty fruit bunches can be used for making nanocellulose. Nanocellulose is cellulose that produced in nanoscale and it has better characteristic properties compared to cellulose. In this study, cellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunches was isolated to produce nanocellulose that can be used as filler for characterization of polyvinil alcohol (PVA). The purpose of this study is to examined the isolation of cellulose into nanocellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunches and to investiage the characteristics of PVA with the addition of nanocellulose. This study was conducted using a descriptive research design consisting of 2 (two) factors. The first factor was the total addition of nanocellulose (N) and the second factor was the amount of polyvinyl alcohol (P). The characterization that carried out were a thickness test, tensile strength, Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR), Water Vapor Permeability (WVP), and UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The results of the study showed that the addition of nanocellulose can effect the characteristics of PVA films. 

scholarly journals Oxidation of Cellulose from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Using Hydrogen Peroxide in Alkaline Condition

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isroi Isroi ◽  
Adi Cifriadi
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Alkaline Condition ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Cellulose Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Effect

There are growing interest to use cellulose as renewable material in order to replace non-renewable polymeric materials. Alteration and chemical modifications of the cellulose by oxidation is needed to improve its properties and functionality. The aim of this study was to evaluate oxidation effect of the cellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) using hydrogen peroxide in alkaline condition. Cellulose has been isolated and purified by sodium hydroxide method followed by sodium hypochlorite bleaching. The oxidation effect of the cellulose by hydrogen peroxide was investigated by component analysis of the lignocelluloses, visual analysis, physical and chemical properties. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was employed to evaluate the changes of functional groups. Digesting of the OPEFB by sodium hydroxide at temperature 160oC for 4 hours reduced lignin content from 22.58% to 16.60%, increase cellulose and hemicelluloses content from 60.76% to 73.87% and 25.86% to 30.95%, respectively. Treatment of the OPEFB pulp using sodium hypochlorite removed all residual lignin. Cellulose content was increased up to 90.86%. Degree of polymerization of the oxidized cellulose was reduced from 1997 to 658. Carboxyl groups of celluloses was significantly increased and confirmed by titration analysis. OPEFB cellulose fiber was damage and broken, meanwhile crystallinity of the cellulose was reduced.Keywords: cellulose, oxidation, oil palm empty fruit bunch, carboxyl group, crystallinity, physical properties Oksidasi Selulosa dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit menggunakan Hidrogen Peroksida dalam Kondisi BasaAbstrakPerhatian untuk memanfaatkan selulosa sebagai polimer terbarukan untuk menggantikan polimer tidak terbarukan mengalami peningkatan. Perubahan dan modifikasi kimia selulosa melalui proses oksidasi diperlukan untuk meningkatkan sifat dan fungsi selulosa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh oksidasi selulosa dari tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) menggunakan hidrogen peroksida dalam suasana basa. Selulosa diisolasi dan dimurnikan dengan metode natrium hidroksida dan dilanjutkan dengan pemutihan natrium hipoklorit. Efek oksidasi selulosa oleh hidrogen peroksida dievaluasi menggunakan analisis komponen lignoselulosa, analisis visual, sifat fisik dan kimia. Analisis spektroskopi inframerah (FTIR) digunakan untuk mengevaluasi perubahan gugus fungsional selulosa. Pemasakan TKKS dengan natrium hidroksida pada suhu160oC selama 4 jam mengurangi kandungan lignin dari 22,58% menjadi 16,60%, meningkatkan kandungan selulosa dari 60,76% menjadi 73,87% dan hemiselulosa dari 25,86% menjadi 30,95%. Perlakuan pulp TKKS menggunakan natrium hipoklorit menghilangkan semua sisa lignin. Kandungan selulosa meningkat hingga 90,86%. Oksidasi selulosa dengan hidrogen peroksida menurunkan derajat polimerisasi selulosa dari 1997 menjadi 658. Gugus karboksil selulosa meningkat secara signifikan dan dikonfirmasi dengan analisis titrasi. Analisis visual menunjukkan kerusakan serabut selulosa, sesuai dengan pengurangan kristalinitas selulosa.Kata kunci: selulosa, oksidasi, tandan kosong kelapa sawit, gugus karboksil, kristalinitas, sifat fisik 

scholarly journals The treatment of oil palm empty fruit bunch fibre for subsequent use as substrate for cellulase production by Chaetomium globosum Kunze

1997 ◽  
Vol 62 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Umikalsom ◽  
A.B. Ariff ◽  
H.S. Zulkifli ◽  
C.C. Tong ◽  
M.A. Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Chaetomium Globosum ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch
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