A UNIQUE FINDING OF ZIRCON INTO BADDELEYITE TRANSFORMATION (THE ICHETJU ORE OCCURRENCE, THE MIDDLE TIMAN)

2018 ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
S. G. Skublov ◽  
A. O. Krasotkina ◽  
A. B. Makeyev ◽  
O. L. Galankina ◽  
A. E. Melnik
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Middle Timan ◽  
Natural Analogues ◽  
Opposite Situation ◽  
Formation Conditions

Findings of the growth relationships between baddeleyite and zircon are rare, due to significant differences in the formation conditions of the minerals. A reaction replacement (partial to complete) of baddeleyite by zircon is possible during metamorphism accompanied by the interaction with high-Si fluids. The opposite situation, when zircon is replaced by baddeleyite, is extremely rare in the nature. Transformation of zircon from polymineral (compound) ore occurrence Ichetju (the Middle Timan) with the formation of microaggregates of baddeleyite, ratile and florencite has been found out. The size of the largest segregations of baddeleyite does not exceed 10 microns in diameter. Microaggregates are unevenly related to the rim of zircon with a thickness of 10 to 50 rfn, voids and cracks across the grain. Altered zircon rim (a mixture of newly formed minerals) is characterized by sharply increased composition of REE (especially LREE), Y, Nb, Ca, Ti. The composition of Th and U also increases. An overview of the experimental studies on the reaction between zircon and baddeleyite and single natural analogues allows to make a conclusion that the most likely mechanism of the transformation of zircon from ore occurrence Ichetju to baddeleyite (intergrowth with ratile and florencite) is due to the effect of interaction of primary zircon with high-temperature (higher than 500—600°C) alkaline fluids transporting HFSE (REE, Y, Nb, Ti). This is indirectly confirmed by the findings of zircon with anomalous high composition of Y and REE up to 100000 and 70000 ppm respectively.

scholarly journals The intimate relationship between structural relaxation and the energy landscape of monatomic liquid metals

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Demmel ◽  
Louis Hennet ◽  
Noel Jakse
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Velocity Field ◽  
Liquid State ◽  
Liquid Metals ◽  
Energy Landscape ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Transport Parameter ◽  
Arrhenius Behavior ◽  
Liquid Aluminium ◽  
Potential Energy Landscape

AbstractThe characteristic property of a liquid, discriminating it from a solid, is its fluidity, which can be expressed by a velocity field. The reaction of the velocity field on forces is enshrined in the transport parameter viscosity. In contrast, a solid reacts to forces elastically through a displacement field, the particles are trapped in their potential minimum. The flow in a liquid needs enough thermal energy to overcome the changing potential barriers, which is supported through a continuous rearrangement of surrounding particles. Cooling a liquid will decrease the fluidity of a particle and the mobility of the neighbouring particles, resulting in an increase of the viscosity until the system comes to an arrest. This process with a concomitant slowing down of collective particle rearrangements might already start deep inside the liquid state. The idea of the potential energy landscape provides an attractive picture for these dramatic changes. However, despite the appealing idea there is a scarcity of quantitative assessments, in particular, when it comes to experimental studies. Here we present results on a monatomic liquid metal through a combination of ab initio molecular dynamics, neutron spectroscopy and inelastic x-ray scattering. We investigated the collective dynamics of liquid aluminium to reveal the changes in dynamics when the high temperature liquid is cooled towards solidification. The results demonstrate the main signatures of the energy landscape picture, a reduction in the internal atomic structural energy, a transition to a stretched relaxation process and a deviation from the high-temperature Arrhenius behavior of the relaxation time. All changes occur in the same temperature range at about $$1.4 \cdot T_{melting}$$ 1.4 · T melting , which can be regarded as the temperature when the liquid aluminium enters the landscape influenced phase and enters a more viscous liquid state towards solidification. The similarity in dynamics with other monatomic liquid metals suggests a universal dynamic crossover above the melting point.

High-Entropy Ultra-High-Temperature Borides and Carbides: A New Class of Materials for Extreme Environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lun Feng ◽  
William G. Fahrenholtz ◽  
Donald W. Brenner
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
High Entropy ◽  
Ultra High Temperature Ceramics ◽  
Ultra High Temperature

Herein, we critically evaluate computational and experimental studies in the emerging field of high-entropy ultra-high-temperature ceramics. High-entropy ultra-high-temperature ceramics are candidates for use in extreme environments that include temperatures over 2,000°C, heat fluxes of hundreds of watts per square centimeter, or irradiation from neutrons with energies of several megaelectron volts. Computational studies have been used to predict the ability to synthesize stable high-entropy materials as well as the resulting properties but face challenges such asthe number and complexity of unique bonding environments that are possible for these compositionally complex compounds. Experimental studies have synthesized and densified a large number of different high-entropy borides and carbides, but no systematic studies of composition-structure-property relationships have been completed. Overall, this emerging field presents a number of exciting research challenges and numerous opportunities for future studies. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Materials Science, Volume 51 is July 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Expanding Polymer Injectivity Tests on a Second Giant Carbonate UAE Oil Reservoir at High Salinity & High Temperature Conditions.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Baloch ◽  
J.M. Leon ◽  
S.K. Masalmeh ◽  
D. Chappell ◽  
J. Brodie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Polymer Solution ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Carbonate Reservoirs ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Sweep Efficiency ◽  
Tertiary Butyl ◽  
Solution Preparation

Abstract Over the last few years, ADNOC has systematically investigated a new polymer-based EOR scheme to improve sweep efficiency in high temperature and high salinity (HTHS) carbonate reservoirs in Abu Dhabi (Masalmeh et al., 2014). Consequently, ADNOC has developed a thorough de-risking program for the new EOR concept in these carbonate reservoirs. The de-risking program includes extensive laboratory experimental studies and field injectivity tests to ensure that the selected polymer can be propagated in the target reservoirs. A new polymer with high 2-acrylamido-tertiary-butyl sulfonic acid (ATBS) content was identified, based on extensive laboratory studies (Masalmeh, et al., 2019, Dupuis, et al., 2017, Jouenne 2020), and an initial polymer injectivity test (PIT) was conducted in 2019 at 250°F and salinity >200,000 ppm, with low H2S content (Rachapudi, et al., 2020, Leon and Masalmeh, 2021). The next step for ADNOC was to extend polymer application to harsher field conditions, including higher H2S content. Accordingly, a PIT was designed in preparation for a multi-well pilot This paper presents ADNOC's follow-up PIT, which expands the envelope of polymer flooding to dissolve H2S concentrations of 20 - 40 ppm to confirm injectivity at representative field conditions and in situ polymer performance. The PIT was executed over five months, from February 2021 to July 2021, followed by a chase water flood that will run until December 2021. A total of 108,392 barrels of polymer solution were successfully injected during the PIT. The extensive dataset acquired was used to assess injectivity and in-depth mobility reduction associated with the new polymer. Preliminary results from the PIT suggest that all key performance indicators have been achieved, with a predictable viscosity yield and good injectivity at target rates, consistent with the laboratory data. The use of a down-hole shut-in tool (DHSIT) to acquire pressure fall-off (PFO) data clarified the near-wellbore behaviour of the polymer and allowed optimisation of the PIT programme. This paper assesses the importance of water quality on polymer solution preparation and injection performance and reviews operational data acquired during the testing period. Polymer properties determined during the PIT will be used to optimise field and sector models and will facilitate the evaluation of polymer EOR in other giant, heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs, leading to improved recovery in ADNOC and Middle East reservoirs.

Formation of coagulated colloidal silica in high-temperature mineralizing fluids

2002 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Williamson ◽  
J. J. Wilkinson ◽  
P. F. Luckham ◽  
C. J. Stanley
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Hydrothermal Fluid ◽  
Colloidal Silica ◽  
Fluid Transport ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Hydrothermal Fluids ◽  
Ore Formation ◽  
Colloidal Gel ◽  
Material Forming ◽  
Mineralizing Fluids

AbstractRecent experimental studies have suggested that colloidal silica can form in high-T (300 to >700°C) hydrothermal fluids (Wilkinson et al., 1996). Natural evidence in support of this was found by Williamson et al. (1997) who proposed a colloidal (gel) silica origin for <50 μm irregularly-shaped inclusions of quartz contained in greisen topaz from southwest England. Confocal and microprobe studies, presented here, strengthen this argument although rather than forming a gel in the hydrothermal fluid, it is suggested that the colloidal silica aggregated as a viscous coagulated colloid, with much of its volume (<10 to 30 vol.%) consisting of metal (mainly Fe) -rich particles. This is evident from the largely solid nature of metal-rich shrinkage bubbles contained at the margins of the inclusions of quartz which shows that the material forming the inclusions contained much less liquid than would be expected in a silica gel. These findings may have important implications for models of ore formation since the precipitation of a coagulated colloid could inhibit hydrothermal fluid transport and cause co-deposition of silica and entrained ore-forming elements. The mode of formation of the colloidal silica and further implications of the study are discussed.

scholarly journals High-temperature multilevel sterilization of canned goods with heat recovery and its constructive and technological support

2021 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 01030
Author(s):  
Mafiiat Rakhmanova ◽  
Amiiat Demirova ◽  
Magomed Akhmedov ◽  
Faina Azimova ◽  
Irada Gadzhibekova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Canned Food ◽  
Significant Saving ◽  
Technological Support ◽  
Thermal Sterilization

New technical solutions improving the process of thermal sterilization of canned products through the use of multilevel high-temperature modes and heat recovery have been considered and proposed. The essence of the developed method lies in the fact that the heat released by cooling cans with the product that has undergone thermal sterilization is used to heat other cans with the product queued for sterilization. In this mode of heat treatment, except in the last stage, the heat emitted by cooled cans that have already undergone heat treatment is used to heat up the canned food. Hence, the use of the principle of heat recovery by cooling canned products in the baths where others are simultaneously heated provides a significant saving of heat energy and water. Depending on the temperature parameters at different stages of the heat treatment, the heat recovery rate can reach up to 90%. The method also provides savings on cooling water. For the practical implementation of the developed method, the design of the device for multilevel high-temperature thermal sterilization of canned food with heat recovery has been developed. On the basis of experimental studies, new, multilevel high-temperature modes of apple compote sterilization have been developed.

scholarly journals Determination of the time of ignition of plant raw under the high temperature of the radiation panel

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Lomaha ◽  
O. Yu. Tsapko ◽  
Yu. V. Tsapko ◽  
O. P. Bondarenko
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Thermal Action ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Operational Parameters

Reducing the fire prevention of timber is not only an economic task, but also has a social and environmental focus. From economic, technological and environmental perspective, an important problem in ensuring the viability and safe operation of construction sites is the development of fire-retardant coatings for wooden structures. The construction is increasingly looking for new highly effective means of fire protection of wood and wood products which should not only ensure the standardized fire resistance of wood, but also to maintain its operational parameters to solve environmental safety and durability. Studies of the effect of the radiation panel on the ignition of the wood sample have set the parameters of the flame ignition, which makes it possible to influence this process. It is proved that they consist in the formation of a layer of organic material on the surface, which provides heating to a critical temperature, when the intensive decomposition of the material begins with the release of the required amount of combustible gases and their ignition. This makes it possible to determine the effect of fire protection and the properties of protective compositions on the process of slowing down the rate of burning of wood. Experimental studies have confirmed that the untreated sample of wood, under the thermal action of the radiation panel has taken up, the flames spread over the entire surface, which led to its combustion. The application of a fire retardant varnish under the influence of temperature leads to a layer of foam coke and inhibition of heat transfer of high-temperature flame to the material and its ignition. Thanks to this, it became possible to determine the conditions for changing the parameters of combustion and braking during fire protection of wood, by forming a barrier for thermal conductivity. Thus, there is reason to argue for the possibility of directional control of the processes of fire protection of wood by the use of fireproof coatings that can form a protective layer on the surface of the material, which slows down the rate of burning of wood.

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