scholarly journals Efficacy of Platelet Rich Plasma and Platelet Rich Fibrin in Periodontal Regeneration: Systematic Review.

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1196-1202
Author(s):  
Felipe Cid
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Platelet Rich Fibrin ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
And Function

Regeneration is defined as the reproduction or reconstruction of a lost part or injury of the body in such a way that the architecture and function of the lost or injured tissue are completely restored. The goal of regenerative periodontal therapy is to restore the structure and function of the periodontium. The positive effects of Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) are attributed to the angiogenic, mitogenic and proliferative capacities of growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a second generation platelet concentrate that allows fibrin membranes enriched with platelets and growth factors to be obtained after starting an anticoagulant-free blood collection without any biomechanical artificial modification. The objective of this review is to know the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma and platelet-rich fibrin in the periodontal regeneration of intrabony defects. The clinical implications for this autologous material are promising. Further long term, larger, multicentred randomized controlled clinical trials are required to determine the effects of PRP and PRF on the regeneration of alveolar bone due to periodontal disease.

scholarly journals From Platelet-Rich Plasma to Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin: Biological Achievements and Clinical Advances in Modern Surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 280-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Caruana ◽  
Daniele Savina ◽  
José Paulo Macedo ◽  
Sandra Clara Soares
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Cellular Migration ◽  
Platelet Concentrates ◽  
Platelet Rich Fibrin

AbstractIn the past 20 years, the platelet concentrates have evolved from first-generation products, i.e., platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and plasma rich in growth factors to the second-generation products such as leukocyte-platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) and advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF). These autologous products with a higher leukocyte inclusion and flexible fibrin mesh act as a scaffold to increase cellular migration in the angiogenic, osteogenic, and antimicrobial potential of these biomaterials in tissue regeneration. In the second-generation platelet concentrates, the protocols are easier, cheaper, and faster with an entire physiological fibrin matrix, resulting in a tridimensional mesh, not as rigid as one of the first generations. This allows the slow release of molecules over a longer period of time and triggers the healing and regenerative process at the site of injury. The potential of A-PRF to mimic the physiology and immunology of wound healing is also due to the high concentration of growth factors released as follows: vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor-β, and anti-inflammatory cytokines that stimulate tissue cicatrization, vessels formation, and bone cell proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, the number of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages is higher releasing important chemotactic molecules such as chemokine ligand-5 and eotaxin. Thus, L-PRF and A-PRF have been used, especially in implantology, periodontology, and maxillofacial surgery. Future clinical applications include tissue regeneration/grafts, ulcers/skin necrosis in the diabetic patient and others, plastic surgery, and even musculoskeletal lesions.

scholarly journals A boomy century of periodontal regeneration with biological mediators

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-117
Author(s):  
Deepak Grover ◽  
Navneet Kaur ◽  
Gurpreet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Autologous Blood ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Tissue Repair And Regeneration ◽  
Plasma Fraction

With the advanced and improved knowledge of bone regeneration on the molecular level, some of key molecules that alter the complicated physiological method were identified, and are already in scientific use or beneath research to enhance bone restore. Of those molecules, BMPs were the maximum considerably studied, as they are robust osteoinductive elements. They result in the mitogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and different osteoprogenitors, and their differentiation in the direction of osteoblasts. Other growth factors except BMPs which have been implicated through out the bone regeneration, with one-of-a-kind features with respect of cell proliferation, chemotaxis and angiogenesis, are also being investigated or are presently getting used to reinforce bone restore, which include platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor- β, insulin-like growth factor-1, vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor, amongst others. One present day technique to enhance bone regeneration and soft-tissue recovery with the aid of using nearby application of growth factors is the use of platelet-rich plasma, an extent of the plasma fraction of autologous blood with platelet concentrations above baseline, that is wealthy in most of the aforementioned molecules. This overview focuses and target on the biological mediators that regulates key cellular events which have a capacity to induce the method of tissue repair and regeneration.

Platelet-Rich Plasma Powder: A New Preparation Method for the Standardization of Growth Factor Concentrations

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 954-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Kieb ◽  
Frank Sander ◽  
Cornelia Prinz ◽  
Stefanie Adam ◽  
Anett Mau-Möller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β1 ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Tgf Β1

Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is widely used in sports medicine. Available PRP preparations differ in white blood cell, platelet, and growth factor concentrations, making standardized research and clinical application challenging. Purpose: To characterize a newly standardized procedure for pooled PRP that provides defined growth factor concentrations. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A standardized growth factor preparation (lyophilized PRP powder) was prepared using 12 pooled platelet concentrates (PCs) derived from different donors via apheresis. Blood samples and commercially available PRP (SmartPrep-2) served as controls (n = 5). Baseline blood counts were analyzed. Additionally, single PCs (n = 5) were produced by standard platelet apheresis. The concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), platelet-derived growth factor AB (PDGF-AB), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), interleukin (IL)–1α, IL-1β, and IL-1 receptor agonist (IL-1RA) were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and statistical analyses were performed using descriptive statistics, mean differences, 95% CIs, and P values (analysis of variance). Results: All growth factor preparation methods showed elevated concentrations of the growth factors VEGF, bFGF, PDGF-AB, and TGF-β1 compared with those of whole blood. Large interindividual differences were found in VEGF and bFGF concentrations. Respective values (mean ± SD in pg/mL) for whole blood, SmartPrep-2, PC, and PRP powder were as follows: VEGF (574 ± 147, 528 ± 233, 1087 ± 535, and 1722), bFGF (198 ± 164, 410 ± 259, 151 ± 99, and 542), PDGF-AB (2394 ± 451, 17,846 ± 3087, 18,461 ± 4455, and 23,023), and TGF-β1 (14,356 ± 4527, 77,533 ± 13,918, 68,582 ± 7388, and 87,495). IGF-1 was found in SmartPrep-2 (1539 ± 348 pg/mL). For PC (2266 ± 485 pg/mL), IGF-1 was measured at the same levels of whole blood (2317 ± 711 pg/mL) but was not detectable in PRP powder. IL-1α was detectable in whole blood (111 ± 35 pg/mL) and SmartPrep-2 (119 ± 44 pg/mL). Conclusion: Problems with PRP such as absent standardization, lack of consistency among studies, and black box dosage could be solved by using characterized PRP powder made by pooling and lyophilizing multiple PCs. The new PRP powder opens up new possibilities for PRP research as well as for the treatment of patients. Clinical Relevance: The preparation of pooled PRP by means of lyophilization may allow physicians to apply a defined amount of growth factors by using a defined amount of PRP powder. Moreover, PRP powder as a dry substance with no need for centrifugation could become ubiquitously available, thus saving time and staff resources in clinical practice. However, before transferring the results of this basic science study to clinical application, regulatory issues have to be cleared.

Concentrations of Blood Components in Commercial Platelet-Rich Plasma Separation Systems: A Review of the Literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart W. Oudelaar ◽  
Joost C. Peerbooms ◽  
Rianne Huis in ‘t Veld ◽  
Anne J.H. Vochteloo
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β1 ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Separation Systems

Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has proven to be a very safe therapeutic option in the treatment of tendon, muscle, bone, and cartilage injuries. Currently, several commercial separation systems are available for the preparation of PRP. The concentrations of blood components in PRP among these separation systems vary substantially. Purpose: To systematically review and evaluate the differences between the concentrations of blood components in PRP produced by various PRP separation systems. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: MEDLINE/PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and EMBASE were searched for studies that compared the concentrations of blood components and growth factors in PRP between various separation systems and studies that reported on the concentrations of blood components and growth factors of single separation systems. The primary outcomes were platelet count, leukocyte count, and concentration of growth factors (eg, platelet-derived growth factor–AB [PDGF-AB], transforming growth factor–β1 [TGF-β1], and vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]). Furthermore, the preparation protocols and prices of the systems were compared. Results: There were 1079 studies found, of which 19 studies were selected for inclusion in this review. The concentrations of platelets and leukocytes in PRP differed largely between, and to a lesser extent within, the studied PRP separation systems. Additionally, large differences both between and within the studied PRP separation systems were found for all the growth factors. Furthermore, preparation protocols and prices varied widely between systems. Conclusion: There is a large heterogeneity between PRP separation systems regarding concentrations of platelets, leukocytes, and growth factors in PRP. The choice for the most appropriate type of PRP should be based on the specific clinical field of application. As the ideal concentrations of blood components and growth factors for the specific fields of application are yet to be determined for most of the fields, future research should focus on which type of PRP is most suitable for the specific field.

scholarly journals Basic Studies on the Clinical Applications of Platelet-Rich Plasma

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Yazawa ◽  
Hisao Ogata ◽  
Tatsuo Nakajima ◽  
Taisuke Mori ◽  
Naohide Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibrin Glue ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Platelet Concentrate ◽  
Platelet Concentrates ◽  
Basic Studies

Platelets, which contain many growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), are being used in clinical applications as platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Only a few studies, however, have been conducted on the growth factors present in PRP and on the clinical applications using the drug delivery system (DDS). For the purpose of clinical application, we first modified the PRP preparation method and assessed the amounts of growth factors contained in the human platelet concentrates. Furthermore, we assessed fibrin glue as a DDS of platelet concentrates. Platelet precipitations were made by twice centrifuging human whole blood. The precipitated platelet was resuspended to yield the platelet concentrates. The growth factor concentrations were measured. Fibrin glue sheets containing this platelet concentrate were implanted in rabbit pinna and samples were obtained for immunostaining (anti-PDGF antibody) to assess the use of PRP over time using the fibrin glue as the DDS. The mean concentration of growth factors present in the platelet concentrates was three times or greater than that of conventional PRP. Furthermore, the results indicated that when the platelet concentrate was used with fibrin glue as a carrier, the contents were released over a period of about 1 week. This raises the possibility that this system may be useful in clinical applications.

Comparison of Release Profiles of Various Growth Factors from Biodegradable Carriers

1998 ◽  
Vol 530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Tabata ◽  
M. Yamamoto ◽  
Y. Ikada
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β1 ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽  
Biodegradable Hydrogel ◽  
Tgf Β1

AbstractA biodegradable hydrogel was prepared by glutaraldehyde crosslinking of acidic gelatin with an isoelectric point (IEP) of 5.0 as a carrier to release basic growth factors on the basis of polyion complexation. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) were sorbed from their aqueous solution into the dried gelatin hydrogels to prepare respective growth factor-incorporating hydrogels. Under an in vitro non-degradation condition, approximately 20 % of incorporated bFGF and TGF-β1 was released from the hydrogels within initial 40 min, followed by no further release, whereas a large initial release of BMP-2 was observed. After subcutaneous implantation of the gelatin hydrogels incorporating 125I-labeled growth factor in the mouse back, the remaining radioactivity was measured to estimate the in vivo release profile of growth factors. Incorporation into gelatin hydrogels enabled bFGF and TGF-β1 to retain in the body for about 15 days and the retention period well correlated with that of the gelatin hydrogel. Taken together, it is likely that the growth factors ionically complexed with acidic gelatin were released in vivo as a result of hydrogel biodegradation. On the contrary, basic BMP-2 did not ionically interact with acidic gelatin, resulting in no sustained released by the present biodegradable carrier system.

scholarly journals Regeneration of Furcation Defects Treated with Porous Hydroxyapatite and Platelet-Rich Plasma: A Histological Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
Avaneendra Talwar ◽  
Reshma Amin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
Furcation Defects ◽  
Osseous Defects

Abstract Introduction The alveolar bone, periodontal ligament (PDL), and cementum are the integral structural components invariably subject to changes during periodontal diseases. Many documents on animal and human studies state that the polypeptide growth factors (GFs) have a role in periodontal regeneration. The platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is in use since the last decade. It has the potential of delivering GFs into vertical osseous defects. Human platelets contain platelet-derived growth factor and transforming growth factor-β in their α granules. These GFs are involved in wound healing and act as promoters of tissue regeneration. The study aimed to obtain histologic evidence, if any, of new attachment in humans, following treatment of osseous defects with 10-1055-s-0040-1714651_00084_ (HA) and PRF mix. Materials and Methods Five maxillary molar teeth with advanced bone loss were treated with porous 10-1055-s-0040-1714651_00084_ (PHA) mixed with PRF. Distobuccal roots were resected and studied histologically for evidence of bone formation, if any, at 1st, 3rd, and the 5th months. Results The PHA was completely resorbed in all the specimens. There was definitive evidence of bone formation at the 3rd month itself with mature lamellar bone with resting and reversal lines at the fifth postoperative month. There was no evidence of new cementum or PDL formation. Conclusion PRF in conjunction with osteoconductive materials prove to accelerate bone formation in vertical osseous defects.

Growth-Factor Delivery in Tissue Engineering

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 62-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Mark Saltzman
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Growth Factor Delivery ◽  
Angiogenic Growth Factors ◽  
New Methods

Soluble signaling proteins called growth factors execute critical functions during the formation of specialized tissues throughout the developing embryo. When growth factors are provided to adult animals, they often encourage regeneration or repair of organs damaged by disease or trauma: Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and transforming growth factor ß1 (TGF-ß1) encourage wound healing hematopoetic growth factors stimulate the production of blood cells, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) induce bone formation, nerve growth factor (NGF) enhances the survival of degenerating cholinergic neurons, and angiogenic growth factors activate new blood-vessel growth. Our understanding of the role of growth factors in development and regeneration should continue to expand dramatically over the next decade, inasmuch as new molecules (and new activities for known molecules) are appearing at a rapid rate.Protein growth factors may be useful in augmenting the new approaches for tissue engineering. Modern biotechnology permits the large-scale manufacture of highly purified proteins so that large quantities can be produced for use in humans. However proteins are often exceedingly difficult to administer, particularly if sustained levels are required. Most protein growth factors have short half-lives after intravenous injection, with their biological activity lasting only a few minutes in the circulation, so that injection must be repeated frequently to obtain sustained blood levels (Table I). Since these molecules are large, they penetrate tissue barriers, such as the capillary wall, very slowly. In addition, growth factors are extremely potent, often possessing biological activity at a number of tissue sites throughout the body. Therefore systemic administration can lead to toxicity. In view of these difficulties, new methods for growth-factor delivery are needed. The most promising new methods involve polymers, which can be engineered to provide precisely controlled, prolonged growth-factor delivery at a localized site.

The Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (01) ◽  
pp. 037-045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor Southworth ◽  
Neal Naveen ◽  
Tracy Tauro ◽  
Natalie Leong ◽  
Brian Cole
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Symptomatic Knee ◽  
Patient Reported

AbstractWith average life expectancy and the rising prevalence of obesity, osteoarthritis (OA) is creating an increasingly large financial and physical burden on the U.S. population today. As the body ages and experiences trauma, articular cartilage surfaces in joints are gradually worn away, leading to OA. Traditionally, treatment options have included lifestyle modifications, pain management, and corticosteroid injections, with joint replacement reserved for those who have exhausted nonsurgical measures. More recently, hyaluronic acid, micronized dehydrated human amniotic/chorionic membrane tissue, and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections have started to gain traction. PRP has been shown to have both anti-inflammatory effects through growth factors such as transforming growth factor-β and insulin-like growth factor 1, and stimulatory effects on mesenchymal stem cells and fibroblasts. Multiple studies have indicated that PRP is superior to hyaluronic acid and corticosteroids in terms of improving patient-reported pain and functionality scores. Unfortunately, there are many variations in PRP preparation, and lack of standardization in factors, such as speed and duration of centrifugation, leads to wide ranges of platelet and leukocyte concentrations. This review examines the current literature addressing the use of PRP in symptomatic knee OA and addresses suggestions for future studies in this area.

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