scholarly journals Modality shift in design process : understanding the rationale behind modality shift and its effect on architectural design

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
A. K. M. Zahidul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Benefit Design ◽  
Process Understanding ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Modality Shift ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Design Ideas ◽  
Effective Design

Architectural design is a deliberate act of creativity without any definite starting point. Critical analysis of any design process reveals its basic stages. Designers use a number of design and drafting tools as well as their media (modality) to perform these processes. In search of an effective solution, designers often tend to switch between modalities. The purpose of this study is to understand how design students rationalize their modality selection and factors causing modality shifts as well as the impact of these shifts on the design outcome. This study examined different externalization forms of design ideas; identified any deviation from initial design ideas that occurred due to modality shift; analyzed final design outcomes by comparing initial ideas and its follow-through on the basis of their visualization and representation; and finally, looked into correlations between the modality shift and the design outcome. Observation and analysis revealed that students tend to shift between modalities not necessarily for facilitating problem solving only. Individual styles, instructions, requirements, context, culture, competency, ambiguity and cognitive aspects also play a significant role. It was also evident that the amplitude of shift has a positive correlation with designers' experience and accordingly impact on the final design outcome. The result of this study would help to identify reasons and effects of modality shift in design process and thus benefit design pedagogy and practice. By developing effective design methods and processes through meaningful incorporation of traditional and technologically advanced tools, students of the digital age would benefit and enhance their design perception and decision-making.

Adopting SCAMPER`S Strategies to Incorporate the Sustainability Concepts Within Architectural Design Process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhan Ali ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Divergent Thinking ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Aesthetic

Thinking creatively, is a necessary condition of the Design process to transform ideas into novel solutions and break barriers to creativity. Although, there are many techniques and ways to stimulate creative thinking for designers, however, this research paper adopts SCAMPER; which is acronym of: Substitute- Combine-Adapt- Modify or Magnify-Put to another use-Eliminate-Reverse or Rearrange- to integrate the sustainability concepts within architectural design process. Many creative artifacts have been designed consciously or unconsciously adopting SCAMPER strategies such as rehabilitation and reuse projects to improve the functional performance or the aesthetic sense of an existing building for the better. SCAMPER is recognized as a divergent thinking tool are used during the initial ideation stage, aims to leave the usual way of thinking to generate a wide range of new ideas that will lead to new insights, original ideas, and creative solutions to problems. The research focuses on applying this method in the architectural design, which is rarely researched, through reviewing seven examples that have been designed consciously or unconsciously adopting SCAMPER mnemonic techniques. The paper aims to establish a starting point for further research to deepen it and study its potentials in solving architectural design problems.

scholarly journals Models and Design Judgment: Conflicting Perspectives on Redesigning a Doctoral Readings Course

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin M. Gray ◽  
Jiyoon Jung ◽  
Carol Watson ◽  
Xiaokai Jia ◽  
Theodore W. Frick
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Doctoral Program ◽  
Design Team ◽  
Online Environment ◽  
Course Structure ◽  
Iterative Design ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
Potential Methods

The purpose of this project was to document the redesign of an existing doctoral reading course for an online environment. Potential methods for actualizing the proposed course structure in an online environment, including technology tools and interactions are discussed. The design process began within the framework of the Four-Component Instructional Design (4C/ID) model (van Merriënboer, 1997; van Merriënboer & Kirchner, 2007), which advocates a shift from topic-centeredness to a task-centered course organization, but quickly evolved into a flexible, iterative design process that was informed by prototyping, the judgment of the design team, and various theories of knowledge and knowing. The 4C/ID model represented our philosophical starting point, but our focus quickly shifted to a more flexible, eclectic process as we attempted to reconcile conflicting constraints on the final design. Along with the redevelopment of course objectives to meet strategic goals within the doctoral program came a focus on facilitating research thinking of the students rather than teaching isolated research tasks. The design process resulted in changes to the current residential course, which then provided an opportunity for further investigation. 

Michelangelo's Laurentian Library: Drawings and Design Process

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 49-90
Author(s):  
James G. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Third Space ◽  
Early Design ◽  
The Third ◽  
Major Revision ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Rare Books ◽  
Design Ideas ◽  
Important Design

Re-examination of a key group of Michelangelo's sketches for the Laurentian Library, located in the monastic complex of Florence's S. Lorenzo, offers a new understanding of his design process and the project as it was built. While drawings by Michelangelo survive for all three of the library's intended spaces, this study concentrates on a number of drawings on four sheets for the entrance vestibule, or ricetto, and the two drawings for what would have constituted the third space, the unbuilt rare books room. It offers a major revision of Rudolf Wittkower's pioneering study of the library's design stages, and will also allow for the identification and discussion of key precedents and their role in the development of Michelangelo's design. These included ancient Roman and Renaissance sources, as well as his own designs both for the unbuilt façade of S. Lorenzo, and for the Medici Chapel attached to the same church (Fig. 1). Consideration of the drawings for the Laurentian Library ricetto in conjunction with letters written to Michelangelo from his Roman agent, Giovanni Francesco Fattucci, and the papal secretary Pier Paolo Marzi, recording Pope Clement VII's responses to a number of important design ideas, allows for a reliable reconstruction of Michelangelo's penultimate scheme for the ricetto, which enables the recognition of a key ancient precedent that inspired Michelangelo, and throws new light on the genesis of the final design. It becomes clear, too, that Michelangelo would later rework certain design ideas that he developed in these Laurentian Library sketches for subsequent projects in Rome, including an early design for the Palazzo dei Conservatori, and also the final form of both this palace and the Palazzo Senatorio.

scholarly journals Shouldn’t All Architecture Be Designed with Empathy?

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-55
Author(s):  
Helena Sandman
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Participatory Design ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Sustainable Communities ◽  
Housing Design ◽  
Contextual Design ◽  
Empathic Design ◽  
Effective Design

Rapid urbanisation and, as a result fast growing informal areas, increase the need for affordable housing. This urgent need requires new forms of input from the architects active in the Global South. The profession must adapt and evolve. Based on previous research, I argue that to build sustainable communities, the residents must be heard and be part of the development process. To involve residents, architects can use new contextually suitable and effective design methods. The study comprised action research on an affordable housing design project in Zanzibar, Tanzania. This paper presents the early stages of a design process for a project still in progress. A close look at the Zanzibar case reveals four human-centred methods from the design discipline to the architectural design process: applied ethnography, empathic design, contextual design, co-design and participatory design. Through the analyses of these different methods, I explored the importance of empathy while designing in settings with contextual constraints. The study revealed the potential of developing empathic methods from the design discipline in the context of architectural design. Further, it suggests that empathic methods can be used by architects pursuing sustainable development. 

scholarly journals Phenomenon of transparency: Cityscape transformations mapping research issues

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-308
Author(s):  
Snežana Zlatković
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Dynamic Activity ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Fourth Layer ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The aim of this article is to propose methodological layers, developed during PhD research, which explore the impact of transparency in relation to the transformations of the city. First two parts of the process investigate the impact of transparency by decoding (in) visible cityscape transformations, towards mapping the fragments of intersections between individual atmospheres. After merging static and dynamic activity states of the phenomenon of transparency, the fourth layer shifts perception by zooming in and out - from the city as a whole, towards its individual spatial values and specific aspects. Analysis ends with (de)fragmentation reading via drawing as a critical tool for resolving spatial conflicts. Layer by layer, the proposed methodology determines the influence of the phenomenon of transparency on architectural design process, and its importance for rethinking and understanding the problems and potentials of cityscape transformations.

Towards an Information Archetypes Framework: Exploring the Types of Information Used in Open Source Design Engagements

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Yi ◽  
Kevin Lumbard ◽  
Nicole B. Damen ◽  
Matt Germonprez ◽  
Christine A. Toh
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Complex Information ◽  
Ongoing Effort ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Competitive Products

Abstract Across disciplines such as software engineering to architectural design, it is well acknowledged that the different types of information employed during the design process impacts the potential of the final design. However, a lack of understanding exists about how designers utilize and navigate the abundance of complex information types, making it difficult to develop design methodologies that support the development of competitive products and services. As part of an ongoing effort to develop an Information Archetypes Framework, this study focuses on identifying the emergence of information dimensions and archetypes during decision making. This was accomplished through a detailed analysis of interviews with designers who engage in open source work as part of their employment. The findings of this study provide empirical evidence of the types of information used during the design process, validates existing information archetypes, and identifies new archetypes that emerge from co-occurring information dimensions.

scholarly journals Freehand Drawing and Architectural Expression

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanif Budiman ◽  
Ibrahim Numan ◽  
Noor Cholis Idham
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Design Idea ◽  
Design Ideas ◽  
Important Activity

The aspect of expression is very important in design ideas, amidst the pressure of programming and procedural thoughts nowadays. The expression is a performance that was born from the deepening of a strong identity that makes us further involvement. Freehand drawing is believed to be an important activity that cannot be separated from an architectural design process. Freehand drawing is proven to be an effort that will increase awareness to produce creative thoughts that remain logical. The natural and organic character of a freehand drawing with its flexibility will be able to express the unique value of each design idea. It is very different when compared to the stereotypical technical line of mechanics. This paper aims to discuss the role of freehand drawing in improving the quality of expression during the design process. The discussion was carried out through a qualitative descriptive analysis based on the experience of carrying out freehand drawing courses and several freehand drawing learning and practices. The topic of the role of freehand drawing in the digital age is very strategic because it reminds us of the importance of the role of balance cognition for the design process in general. Keywords: design; expression; freehand drawing; identity.

The Prototype for X (PFX) Framework: Assessing the Impact of PFX on Desirability, Feasibility, and Viability of End Designs

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Menold ◽  
Timothy W. Simpson ◽  
Kathryn W. Jablokow
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Design Studies ◽  
Design For X ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Research And Design

Each year, companies spend billions of dollars on product research and design. Studies indicate that anywhere from 40–50% of those resources are wasted on cancelled products or those which yield poor results. The largest sunk cost of product development occurs during the prototyping phase of the design process, yet engineering design research has largely overlooked this pivotal stage in the design process. This study is a portion of a larger project based on a new theoretical framework for prototyping called Prototype for X or PFX. PFX draws from Human-Centered Design (HCD), Design Thinking (DT), and Design for X (DFX) frameworks and methods to enhance the design process and enable designers to prototype more effectively. Among the anticipated impacts of PFX are increases in user satisfaction, technical quality, and manufacturability of end designs. The research described in this paper marks the first step in testing the impact of PFX on final design outcomes. Results from a between-subjects analysis indicate that PFX methods helped increase the desirability, feasibility, and viability of end designs. These results imply that teams introduced to PFX methods produced prototypes that outperformed designs from the control teams across user satisfaction, perceived value, and manufacturability metrics. These results improve our understanding of the prototyping process and highlight the potential impact that structured prototyping methods could have on end designs.

scholarly journals Understanding Visual Scripts: Improving Collaboration through Modular Programming

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Davis ◽  
Jane Burry ◽  
Mark Burry
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Collaborative Design ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Thinking Aloud ◽  
Design Modification ◽  
Modular Programming ◽  
Code Complexity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Design And Construction

Modularisation is a well-known method of reducing code complexity, yet architects are unlikely to modularise their visual scripts. In this paper the impact that modules used in visual scripts have on the architectural design process is investigated with regard to legibility, collaboration, reuse and design modification. Through a series of thinking-aloud interviews, and through the collaborative design and construction of the parametric Dermoid pavilion, modules are found to impact the culture of collaborative design in architecture through relatively minor alterations to how architects organise visual scripts.

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