scholarly journals Determination of Carbonate Concentrations in Calcareous Soils with Common Vinegar Test

EDIS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Zhu ◽  
Yuncong Li ◽  
Guodong Liu ◽  
Monica Ozores-Hampton
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Volumetric Analysis ◽  
Free Calcium ◽  
Acid Dissolution ◽  
Carbonate Concentration ◽  
Soil Carbonate ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Geological Sciences ◽  
Acid Test

Calcareous soils are those that have free calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and have pH values in the range of 7.0 to 8.3. If they are managed properly, calcareous soils can be used to grow any crop. Before employing any management practices, it is important to know how much carbonate exists in the soil. Soil carbonate is usually quantified by acid dissolution followed by the volumetric analysis of the released carbon dioxide (CO2). In geological sciences, a simple acid test consists of placing a drop of dilute hydrochloric acid on a rock or mineral and observing if there are CO2 bubbles released; the bubbles indicate the presence of carbonate minerals. The household test below uses vinegar and other simple instruments to estimate soil carbonate concentration. Minor revision with an added author.

scholarly journals Effect of Na2CO3 degumming concentration on LiBr-formic acid-silk fibroin solution properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 985-991
Author(s):  
Zhi Liu ◽  
Yuqin Wan ◽  
Hao Dou ◽  
Ji-Huan He
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Silk Fibroin ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Lithium Bromide ◽  
Solution Properties ◽  
Acid System ◽  
Acid Dissolution ◽  
Carbonate Concentration ◽  
Degumming Process

Salt-acid system has been proved to be of high efficiency for silk fibroin dissolution. Using salt-acid system to dissolve silk, native silk fibrils can be preserved in the regenerated solution. Increasing experiments indicate that acquirement of silk fibrils in solution is strongly associated with the degumming process. In this study, the effect of sodium carbonate degumming concentration on solution properties based on lithium bromide-formic acid dissolution system was systematically investigated. Results showed that the morphology transformation of silk fibroin in solution from nanospheres to nanofibrils is determined by sodium carbonate concentration during the degumming process. Solutions containing different silk fibroin structure exhibited different rheological behaviors and different electrospinnability, leading to different electrospun nanofibre properties. The results have guiding significance for preparation and application of silk fibroin solutions.

scholarly journals A study on the abundance of zooplankton of a culture and a non-culture pond of the Rajshahi University campus

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharmeen Rahman ◽  
M Afzal Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Total Zooplankton ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Bicarbonate Alkalinity ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Zooplankton Production ◽  
Important Food Item

Zooplankton constitute important food item of many omnivorous and carnivorous fishes. The study was conducted with an aim to study the zooplankton production including physico-chemical parameters with an emphasis to the existing management practices taken by the operators. The study was carried out in a culture and a non-culture pond of Rajshahi University campus was carried out from September, 2004 to February, 2005. Monthly fluctuations of some physico-chemical parameters were noted. The ponds showed alkaline in nature with moderate bicarbonate alkalinity. Diurnal change of water temperature, free CO2 and dissolved Oxygen were also studied. Four groups of zooplankton were identified, of which copepods (1260 units/l and 973.33 units/l in pond-1 and pond-2 respectively) were most dominant. A total of 9 genera of zooplankton were identified of which Cyclops (68.25% and 60.28% of total copepods) was most abundant in both ponds. Total zooplankton showed positive correlation with pH, carbonate alkalinity (CO3) and bicarbonate alkalinity (HCO3) in both ponds and DO, carbon dioxide (CO2) in pond-1. Present findings indicated that the culture pond showed better result than that of the non-culture pond regarding zooplankton production. Key words: Zooplankton, culture pond, non-culture pond, physico-chemical parameters.   doi:10.3329/ujzru.v27i0.1951 Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 27, 2008 pp. 35-41

scholarly journals Maximizing Yields, Nutrient Uptake and Balance for Mustard-Mungbean-T. Aman Rice Cropping Systems through Nutrient Management Practices in Calcareous Soils

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Quddus ◽  
M. J. Abedin Mian ◽  
H. M. Naser ◽  
M. A. Hossain ◽  
S. Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Positive Balance

The experiment was conducted to measure crop yields, nutrient concentration, nutrient uptake and balance by using different nutrient management practices for mustard-mungbean-T. aman rice cropping system in calcareous soil of Madaripur, Bangladesh. Different nutrient management practices were absolute nutrient control (T1); farmer’s practice (T2); AEZ based nutrient application (T3) and soil test based nutrient application (T4). The practices were compared in a randomized completely block design with three replications over two consecutive years. The average yield through application of soil test based nutrient (T4) was showed effective to get highest yields of mustard (1530 kg ha-1), mungbean (1632 kg ha-1) and T. aman rice (4729 kg ha-1). The same practices (T4) exhibited the greatest nutrients uptake by the test crops. The apparent balance of N and K was negative; however it was less negative and less deficiency detect in T4 treatment. Positive balance of P observed in all practices except in T1. There was a positive S balance (7.60 kg ha-1) in T4 but negative in T1, T2 and T3. Zinc balance was found positive in T3 and T4 and negative in T1 and T2. Boron balance in the system was neutral or slightly positive in T1 and negative in T2 but positive in T3 and T4. Organic matter, N, P, S, Zn and B status in soil was improved by T4 treatment. The results suggested that the soil test based nutrient application is viable and sustainable for mustard-mungbean-T. aman rice cropping system in calcareous soils of Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Assessing terrestrial carbon sink potential from vegetation under optimal land management

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongyao Sha ◽  
Yongfei Bai ◽  
Ruren Li ◽  
Hai Lan ◽  
Xueliang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Integrated Method ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon Sink ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract The global temperature could increase over 1.5 or even 2 °C by the middle of 21st century due to massive emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) — of which carbon dioxide (CO2) is the largest component1. Human activities emit more than 10 PgC (1PgC=1015gC) per year into the atmosphere1, which is regarded as the primary reason for increased atmospheric CO2 concentration and global warming2. Global vegetation sequesters 112–169 PgC each year3, about half of which is released back into the atmosphere through autotrophic respiration while the rest, termed as net primary production (NPP), is for balancing the CO2 emissions from human activities, microbial respiration, and decomposition4. Carbon sequestration from vegetation varies under different environmental conditions5 and could also be significantly altered by land management practices (LMPs)6. Adopting optimal land management practices (OLMPs) helps sequester more CO2 from the atmosphere and mitigate climate changes. Understanding the extra carbon sequestration with OLMPs, or termed as carbon gap, is an important scientific topic that is rarely studied. Here we propose an integrated method to identify the location-specific OLMPs and assess the carbon gap by using remotely sensed time-series of NPP dataset, segmented landscape-vegetation-soil (LVS) zones and distance-constrained zonal analysis. The findings show that the carbon gap from global land plants totaled 13.74 PgC per year with OLMPs referenced from within a 20km neighborhood, an equivalent of ~1/5 of the total sequestered net carbon at the current level; half of the carbon gap clusters in only ~15% of vegetated area. The carbon gap flux rises with population density and the priority for implementing OLMPs should be given to the densely populated areas to enhance the global carbon sequestration capacity.

Assessment of erosion rates from microphyte-dominated calcareous soils under rain-impacted flow

Soil Research ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 475 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Eldridge ◽  
P. I. A. Kinnell
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
New South ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Coarse Fraction ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Intact Soil ◽  
Microphytic Crust ◽  
Microphytic Crusts

Intact soil monoliths with surfaces of varying microphytic crust cover were collected from a calcareous earth soil in a semi-arid belah–rosewood woodland near Wentworth in south-western New South Wales. Monoliths were tested for their susceptibility to erosion by rain-impacted flow using a laboratory rainfall simulator. The erosive stress applied to each surface was controlled by varying the flow depth between 4 and 8 mm whilst maintaining a flow velocity of 25 mm/s using 2·7 mm raindrops falling 11·2 m at average rainfall intensities of 65 mm/h. Increasing the cover of microphytic crusts on the surface resulted in a significant (P = 0·001) reduction in sediment concentration. A linear model incorporating percentage cover and distribution of cover accounted for 46% of the variance in soil erosion. A significant relationship was also found between the coarse fraction (>0·053 mm) and crust cover (P = 0·012) at the 4-mm depth. Management practices such as overgrazing, trampling, and fire, which reduce the cover of crusts in this landscape, will lead to increased erosion hazard.

scholarly journals 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) Reduces N2O Emissions from a Tilled Grassland in the Bogotá Savanna

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ximena Huérfano ◽  
Sergio Menéndez ◽  
Matha-Marina Bolaños-Benavides ◽  
Carmen González-Murua ◽  
José-María Estavillo
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
N Yield ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Research Corporation ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Grasslands are subject to a wide range of land management practices that influence the exchange of the three main agricultural greenhouse gases (GHGs) that are related to agriculture: carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CH4). Improving nitrogen fertilization management practices through the use of nitrification inhibitors (NIs) can reduce GHGs emissions. We conducted a field experiment at the Colombian Agricultural Research Corporation with four fertilization treatments: urea (typical fertilizer used in this region), ammonium sulfate nitrate (ASN), ASN plus the NI 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (ASN+DMPP), and an unfertilized control. The highest grassland yields (1956 and 2057 kg DM ha−1, respectively) and apparent fertilizer nitrogen recoveries (34% and 33%, respectively) were generated by the conventional urea fertilizer and ASN+DMPP. Furthermore, the use of ASN+DMPP reduced the N2O emissions that were related to N fertilization to the level of the unfertilized treatment (ca. 1.5 g N2O-N ha−1), with a significant reduction of N-yield-scaled N2O emissions (ca. 20 g N2O-N kg N uptake−1). These results support the application of DMPP as an alternative strategy to increase grassland yield while simultaneously reducing the environmental impact of N fertilization.

Carbon dynamics from carbonate dissolution in Australian agricultural soils

Soil Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waqar Ahmad ◽  
Balwant Singh ◽  
Ram C. Dalal ◽  
Feike A. Dijkstra
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Carbonate Dissolution ◽  
Dissolution Zone ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Soil Carbonate

Land-use and management practices on limed acidic and carbonate-bearing soils can fundamentally alter carbon (C) dynamics, creating an important feedback to atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations. Transformation of carbonates in such soils and its implication for C sequestration with climate change are largely unknown and there is much speculation about inorganic C sequestration via bicarbonates. Soil carbonate equilibrium is complicated, and all reactants and reaction products need to be accounted for fully to assess whether specific processes lead to a net removal of atmospheric CO2. Data are scarce on the estimates of CaCO3 stocks and the effect of land-use management practices on these stocks, and there is a lack of understanding on the fate of CO2 released from carbonates. We estimated carbonate stocks from four major soil types in Australia (Calcarosols, Vertosols, Kandosols and Chromosols). In >200-mm rainfall zone, which is important for Australian agriculture, the CaCO3-C stocks ranged from 60.7 to 2542 Mt at 0–0.3 m depth (dissolution zone), and from 260 to 15 660 Mt at 0–1.0 m depth. The combined CaCO3-C stocks in Vertosols, Kandosols and Chromosols were about 30% of those in Calcarosols. Total average CaCO3-C stocks in the dissolution zone represented 11–23% of the stocks present at 0–1.0 m depth, across the four soil types. These estimates provide a realistic picture of the current variation of CaCO3-C stocks in Australia while offering a baseline to estimate potential CO2 emission–sequestration through land-use changes for these soil types. In addition, we provide an overview of the uncertainties in accounting for CO2 emission from soil carbonate dissolution and major inorganic C transformations in soils as affected by land-use change and management practices, including liming of acidic soils and its secondary effects on the mobility of dissolved organic C. We also consider impacts of liming on mineralisation of the native soil C, and when these transformations should be considered a net atmospheric CO2 source or sink.

scholarly journals Comparison between eddy covariance and automatic chamber techniques for measuring net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide in cotton and wheat fields

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 8467-8503 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Wang ◽  
C. Liu ◽  
X. Zheng ◽  
M. Pihlatie ◽  
B. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Net Ecosystem Exchange ◽  
Cotton Field ◽  
Wheat Field ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Flux Measurements ◽  
One Year ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract. Static and transparent automatic chamber (AC) technique is a~necessary choice for measuring net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of carbon dioxide (CO2) in circumstances where eddy covariance (EC) technique is not applicable. However, a comparison of the two techniques for measurements on croplands has seldom been undertaken. We carried out NEE observations in a cotton field (for one year) and a winter wheat field (for one cropping season) using both AC and EC techniques, to (a) compare the NEE fluxes measured using each technique, and (b) test the NEE measurement performance of an automatic chamber system (AMEG), which was designed for simultaneous flux measurements of multiple gases. The half-hourly NEE fluxes measured with the two techniques were in approximate agreement, with the AC fluxes being 0.78 (cotton) and 1.06 (wheat) times those of the EC. When integrated to daily timescale, the fluxes of the two techniques were in better agreement, showing an average ratio of 0.94 and 1.00 for the cotton and wheat, respectively. During the periods with comparable field conditions and normal performance of both instruments, the cumulative NEE fluxes revealed small differences between the two techniques (–9.0 ~ 6.7%, with a mean of 0.1%). The measurements resulted in annual cumulative NEE of –40 g C m–2 yr–1 (EC) and –42 g C m–2 yr–1 (AC) in the cotton field and seasonal cumulative NEE of –251 g C m–2 (EC) and –205 g C m–2 (AC) in the wheat field. Our results indicate that, for cropland populated by short plants, the AMEG system and the data processing procedures applied in this study are able to provide NEE estimates comparable to those from EC measurements, although either technique may lead to an overestimation of the loss rate (or underestimation of the gain rate) of the soil organic carbon stock of an ecosystem, in particular with calcareous soils exposed to increasing atmospheric acid deposition.

scholarly journals Fertility Status of Organic Soils in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-267
Author(s):  
Julián Roldán
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Free Calcium ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Ph Values

A general literature review on formation, subsidence, water table, and chemical properties of organic soils has been presented and discussed. Soil samples from a virgin peat soil of Puerto Rico were analyzed by rapid microchemical soil tests and, from them, the general fertility level of the area sampled was evaluated. The relation of the different soil types to the soil-test data has been presented. From the preceding investigation the following conclusions were drawn: 1. The virgin peat soils from Puerto Rico are low in phosphorus and potassium. 2. No significant correlation was found between manganese values by soil test and soil pH values. 3. A probable manganese deficiency is seen in spots where the pH of the soils is above 6.0, and the presence of free calcium carbonate has been detected. 4. A highly significant negative correlation was found for iron values by soil test and soil pH values. 5. A highly significant negative correlation was found for aluminum values by soil test and soil pH values. 6. In areas where the pH was lower than 6.0 the iron and aluminum values obtained are often high enough to render growth of crops unsatisfactory. 7. Salinity is not a problem in the area studied if correct soil-management practices are used.

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