The Cane or “Bufo” Toad (Rhinella marina) in Florida

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey C. Wilson ◽  
Steven A> Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Rhinella Marina ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1950S

Cane Toads are an invasive species in Florida and in many countries around the world. They have been established in Florida since the 1950s and have now spread to human-modified habitat throughout much of South and Central Florida. Cane Toads are larger and more poisonous than Florida's native toads; they can be fatal to dogs that try to eat them, and more research is necessary to understand their impacts on Florida's native species. This document covers the history of Cane Toads in Florida and how to distinguish them from native species.  It describes their ecology and impacts on both ecosystems and people. Finally, it provides advice for dealing with Cane Toads in yards and neighborhoods.

From Economic Miracle to Standort Deutschland: Exchanging Economic Metaphors in the Federal Republic of Germany

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-65
Author(s):  
Ben Lieberman
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
German Economy ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Economic Miracle ◽  
Economic Achievement ◽  
The World ◽  
German Model ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1950S

The history of the Federal Republic of Germany is closely connected with economic achievement. Enjoying a striking economic recovery in the 1950s, the FRG became the home of the “economic miracle.” Maturing into one of the most powerful economies in the world, it became known as the “German model” by the 1970s. Now, however, the chief metaphor for the German economy is “Standort Deutschland,” and therein lies the tale of the new German problem.

scholarly journals The pig of the Lençóis Maranhenses, first record of wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Maranhão State, Brazil

Check List ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Gilberto Nepomuceno Salvador ◽  
Nathali Garcia Ristau ◽  
Isabel Sanches da Silva ◽  
André Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Native Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
First Record ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The World

The wild boar is one of the most dangerous invasive species. It is widespread in the world, including records for many Brazilian states. However, there is a lack of record from Maranhão state. In the present study, we reported a population of wild boar inside the Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, in Barrerinhas county, State of Maranhão. We discuss about the negative effects of this introduction on native species, including a record of predation by wild boar in nests of endangered turtles.

scholarly journals Soft Touch or Heavy Hand? Legislative Approaches for Preventing Invasions: Insights from Cacti in South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Novoa ◽  
Haylee Kaplan ◽  
Sabrina Kumschick ◽  
John R. U. Wilson ◽  
David M. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
South African ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Global Awareness ◽  
Significant Control ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cost

AbstractThe rate of transportation, introduction, dissemination, and spread of nonnative species is increasing despite growing global awareness of the extent and impact of biological invasions. Effective policies are needed to prevent an increase in the significant negative environmental and economic impacts caused by invasive species. Here we explore this issue in the context of the history of invasion and subsequent regulation of cacti introduced to South Africa. We consider seven approaches to restricting trade by banning the following: (1) species already invasive in the region, (2) species invasive anywhere in the world, (3) species invasive anywhere in the world with a climate similar to the target region, (4) genera containing invasive species, (5) growth forms associated with invasiveness, (6) cacti with seed characteristics associated with invasiveness, and (7) the whole family. We evaluate each approach on the basis of the availability and complexity of information required for implementation, including the cost of the research needed to acquire such information, the likely numbers of false positives and false negatives, the likely degree of public acceptance, and the costs of implementation. Following a consultative process, we provide recommendations for how to regulate nonnative cacti in South Africa. The simplest option would be to ban all cacti, but available evidence suggests that most species pose negligible risk of becoming invasive, making this option unreasonable. The other extreme—reactively regulating species once they are invasive—would incur significant control costs, likely result in significant environmental and economic impacts, and limit management goals (e.g., eradication might be unfeasible). We recommended an intermediate option—the banning of all genera containing invasive species. This recommendation has been partly incorporated in South African regulations. Our study emphasizes the importance of scientific research, a legal framework, and participation of stakeholders in assessments. This approach builds awareness, trust, and support, and ensures that all interests are reflected in final regulations, making them easier to implement and enforce.

scholarly journals History and Overview of Proton Therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameer L. Elaimy ◽  
Linda Ding ◽  
Carla Bradford ◽  
Yansong Geng ◽  
Harry Bushe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Proton Therapy ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1950S

The use of proton therapy in oncology is not a new idea. The unique physical properties of protons and potential advantages in radiation therapy were initially recognized in the 1940s. Since the first patients were treated in the 1950s, technology and clinical applications have evolved as evidenced by the increasing number of proton therapy centers and patients being treated throughout the world. This chapter will review the history of proton therapy providing a detailed overview of the cyclotron and synchrotron techniques used and how they have advanced with time.

scholarly journals A Century of Use of SOLOMIT Thermal Insulation Panels

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7197
Author(s):  
Pavel Neuberger ◽  
Pavel Kic
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Acoustic Insulation ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Building Component ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

This article traces the century-old history of using a thermal and acoustic insulation panel called SOLOMIT. It presents some of Sergei Nicolajewitsch Tchayeff’s patents, on the basis of which production and installation took place. The survey section provides examples of the use of this building component in Australia, Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Poland, Russia, the Soviet Union and Spain. It pays attention to applications in the 1950s and 1960s in collectivized agriculture in Czechoslovakia. It also presents the results of measuring the thermal conductivity of a panel sample, which was obtained during the reconstruction of a cottage built in the 1950s and 1960s of the 20th century. Even today, SOLOMIT finds its application all over the world, mainly due to its thermal insulation and acoustic properties and other features, such as low maintenance requirements, attractive appearance and structure and cost-effectiveness.

From Reconstruction to the Post-War Boom

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Antonio Ocampo
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Growth ◽  
World Trade ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Post War ◽  
War Experience ◽  
East West

This chapter reviews the early post-war history of the world economy as reviewed in the Survey. It first looks at the task of reconstruction, which the Survey considered to have been very successful. It then looks at the successful transition to rapid growth in the 1950s, though with persistent concern about the recurrence of crises. The evolution of the system of international trade and payments is analysed next, with world trade embarking in the 1950s on its major historical boom but showing from early on an East/West divide and greater difficulties in reconstructing the system of multilateral payments. Finally, the chapter looks at the early post-war experience of the ‘underdeveloped countries’, where poverty remained ‘as stubborn as ever’.

HARMONIA AXYRIDIS (PALLAS, 1773) (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE) IN MOSCOW CITY AND YALTA CITY: ITS COMPETITION WITH NATIVE SPECIES OF COCCINELLIDS AND THE INFLUENCE OF PARASITOIDS ON ITS NUMBER

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 114-133
Author(s):  
D. A. Romanov ◽  
E. A. Matveikina
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Adalia Bipunctata ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Insignificant Effect ◽  
The World ◽  
Moscow City ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Made In

The Asian ladybird Harmonia axyridis is an invasive species that is rapidly spreading around the world. Occupying new territories, H. axyridis often causes a decrease in the biodiversity of native species of coccinellids, competing with them for food resources. A comparison of H. axyridis with six species of ladybirds was made in terms of the ratio of the number of individuals and the degree of infestation with parasitoids. In Moscow city, the most widespread species of ladybirds was Adalia bipunctata (67.1%), H. axyridis ranks second (16.5%). The total infestation of H. axyridis pupae with parasitoids is 1.8% in Moscow city and 12.2% in Yalta city. Infestation with parasitoids of other ladybird species in Moscow city is much higher: from 11.0% to 36.4%. Thus, parasitoids effectively regulate the number of native ladybird species, but have an insignificant effect on the number of the invasive species H. axyridis .

scholarly journals Exploiting intraspecific competitive mechanisms to control invasive cane toads ( Rhinella marina )

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1742) ◽  
pp. 3436-3442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Crossland ◽  
Takashi Haramura ◽  
Angela A. Salim ◽  
Robert J. Capon ◽  
Richard Shine
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Rhinella Marina ◽  
Invasive Species Control ◽  
Tropical Australia ◽  
Competitive Mechanisms ◽  
Species Specific

If invasive species use chemical weapons to suppress the viability of conspecifics, we may be able to exploit those species-specific chemical cues for selective control of the invader. Cane toads ( Rhinella marina ) are spreading through tropical Australia, with negative effects on native species. The tadpoles of cane toads eliminate intraspecific competitors by locating and consuming newly laid eggs. Our laboratory trials show that tadpoles find those eggs by searching for the powerful bufadienolide toxins (especially, bufogenins) that toads use to deter predators. Using those toxins as bait, funnel-traps placed in natural waterbodies achieved near-complete eradication of cane toad tadpoles with minimal collateral damage (because most native (non-target) species are repelled by the toads' toxins). More generally, communication systems that have evolved for intraspecific conflict provide novel opportunities for invasive-species control.

scholarly journals Invasive Species in Puerto Rico: The View From El Yunque

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jess K. Zimmerman ◽  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval ◽  
Aaron B. Shiels
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Feral Cat ◽  
Native Flora ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

Native flora and fauna of Puerto Rico have a long biogeographic connection to South America. Theory and empirical evidence suggest that islands, particularly those distantly isolated from the mainland, should be more susceptible to naturalizations and invasions of non-native species than continental areas. Anthropogenic disturbances can facilitate accidental and deliberate introductions of non-native species. In this study, we asked: What is the current status of introduced species within El Yunque National Forest (EYNF), the largest and most well-conserved forest area of Puerto Rico? To address this question, we reviewed the literature and surveyed local experts to identify introduced plant and animal taxa that are behaving as invaders within EYNF. We hypothesized that well-conserved forest areas within EYNF would be more resistant to invasions than disturbed areas along roads and ruderal areas with a long history of human activity. We found that there is only partial evidence that supports our hypothesis and this evidence is strongest in vascular plants, but not for the other taxonomic groups analyzed. Our combined results showed that currently the more ubiquitous invasive species in EYNF include some mammals (feral cat, rat, and mongoose) and some invertebrates (earthworms, mosquito, and Africanized honeybee). For many taxa, there is little information to thoroughly test our hypothesis, and thus more detailed surveys of the status of non-native and invasive species in EYNF are needed.

Evaluations of a Ballast Water Treatment to Stop Invasive Species and Tank Corrosion

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario N. Tamburri ◽  
Gregory M. Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Ballast Tank ◽  
Ballast Water Treatment ◽  
The World ◽  
Aquatic Invasions

Invasive species are one of the most destructive environmental problems facing the world today. They can alter habitats, cause local extinction of native species, and have enormous economic impacts. Because ballast water is the primary source of aquatic invasions, the International Maritime Organization has recently passed regulations that will require ocean-going vessels to treat water prior to discharge. It has proven challenging, however, to find an environmentally friendly treatment that is effective at reducing the potential for invasions and yet also acceptable to the shipping industry in terms of safety, time and cost. Our work has focused on evaluations of deoxygenation in general, and Venturi Oxygen Stripping in particular, because of its ability to kill ballast water organisms and to reduce ballast tank corrosion. Results to date suggest that this approach has the potential to be an effective ballast water treatment option.

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