scholarly journals Invasive Species in Puerto Rico: The View From El Yunque

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jess K. Zimmerman ◽  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval ◽  
Aaron B. Shiels
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Feral Cat ◽  
Native Flora ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

Native flora and fauna of Puerto Rico have a long biogeographic connection to South America. Theory and empirical evidence suggest that islands, particularly those distantly isolated from the mainland, should be more susceptible to naturalizations and invasions of non-native species than continental areas. Anthropogenic disturbances can facilitate accidental and deliberate introductions of non-native species. In this study, we asked: What is the current status of introduced species within El Yunque National Forest (EYNF), the largest and most well-conserved forest area of Puerto Rico? To address this question, we reviewed the literature and surveyed local experts to identify introduced plant and animal taxa that are behaving as invaders within EYNF. We hypothesized that well-conserved forest areas within EYNF would be more resistant to invasions than disturbed areas along roads and ruderal areas with a long history of human activity. We found that there is only partial evidence that supports our hypothesis and this evidence is strongest in vascular plants, but not for the other taxonomic groups analyzed. Our combined results showed that currently the more ubiquitous invasive species in EYNF include some mammals (feral cat, rat, and mongoose) and some invertebrates (earthworms, mosquito, and Africanized honeybee). For many taxa, there is little information to thoroughly test our hypothesis, and thus more detailed surveys of the status of non-native and invasive species in EYNF are needed.

scholarly journals DIALOGICAL LINGUISTICS IN RUSSIA: THE HISTORY OF FORMATION AND THE CURRENT STATUS

2021 ◽  
pp. 159-173
Author(s):  
N. N. Shpilnaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Interactional Theory ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Formation

The article is an outline of the development of Dialogical Linguistics in Russia. It represents its milestones of formation and the current state. Dialogical Linguistics is considered to be an integral linguistic branch, claiming the status of a distinct «research program» and comprises such sections as follows: Linguistics of Dialogical Text, Linguistic Theory of Replication, Interactional Theory of Dialogue, General Theory of Dialogue. In the final part of the article, the principles of dialogical modeling of linguistic objects are being formulated.

scholarly journals Animal personality and the ecological impacts of freshwater non-native species

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tristan Juette ◽  
Julien Cucherousset ◽  
Julien Cote
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Animal Personality ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Personality Types ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

Abstract While the ecological impacts of invasive species have been demonstrated for many taxonomic groups, the potential effects of behavioural variation among non-native individuals (i.e. personality) on these impacts have been largely overlooked. This is despite the fact that recent studies have demonstrated that, by nature, the three first stages of biological invasions (i.e. transport, establishment and spread) can lead to personality-biased populations. Freshwater ecosystems provide a unique opportunity to investigate this issue, notably because the ecological impacts of non-native species have been extensively documented and because animal personality has been widely studied using freshwater model species. Here, we aim at developing some perspectives on the potential effects of animal personality on the ecological impacts of freshwater non-native species across levels of biological organizations. At the individual level, personality types have been demonstrated to affect the physiolo- gy, metabolism, life history traits and fitness of individuals. We used these effects to discuss how they could subsequently impact invaded populations and, in turn, recipient communities. We also discussed how these might translate into changes in the structure of food webs and the functioning of invaded ecosystems. Finally we discussed how these perspectives could interact with the management of invasive species.

The Ethnic Russians – Scattered in Geo-cultural and Semantic Spaces of Kyrgyzstan – Minorities, Diasporas or Depleting Historical Resource? Back to the History of the Issue

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bakyt Baimatov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Semantic Spaces ◽  
Communist Past ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Mountainous Country

The current status of the Russian language in modern Kyrgyzstan is vague and precarious. Historically, Russians and the Russian language have been a backbone of Kyrgyz culture that paved the way for an unprecedented rise in literacy and a socio-economic upswing in this small mountainous country during Communism. However, post-Soviet times have witnessed an advent of revisionist tendencies in rethinking of the Communist past where Russians and their language are implicitly associated with historical injustices towards titular nations. Russian lingua franca as a means of inter-ethnic communication has become a source of controversy and a matter of debates. The Kyrgyz are divided along the lines of those politically-motivated public figures, who seek to exploit the status of the Russian language in their election campaigns. A package of laws providing exclusive use of Kyrgyz language in office and administration has been recently adopted in an attempt to place limits on the Russian language. These developments are widely regarded as discriminative towards not only Russian but also other minority languages in the country. On the other hand, the overwhelming majority of Kyrgyz intellectuals still hold a strong view that Russians and the Russian language deserve better in Kyrgyzstan.

scholarly journals Non-native small terrestrial vertebrates in the Galapagos

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego F Cisneros-Heredia
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Galapagos Islands ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
Galápagos Islands ◽  
Species Introduction ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrates ◽  
History Of

Humans have translocated thousands of species of flora, fauna and microorganisms to places they would never have reached on their own. Non-native species may have effects on biological communities, ecosystem functions and human populations. In island environments, the effects of spreading non-native species on native biodiversity can be severe and lead to native ecosystem transformation and even endemic species extinction. The Galapagos Islands are a region of particular interest and relevance to the issue of species introduction and invasiveness. In this paper, I analyse the current status of 25 non-native amphibians, reptiles and birds that have been reported in the Galapagos Islands. Six species have established self-sufficiently in Galapagos and may become invasive: Fowler’s snouted tree frog Scinax quinquefasciatus, common house gecko Hemidactylus frenatus, mourning gecko Lepidodactylus lugubris, dwarf gecko Gonatodes caudiscutatus, Peters’ leaf-toed gecko Phyllodactylus reissii, and smooth-billed ani Crotophaga ani. Domestic fowl Gallus gallus holds feral populations, which may have self-sufficient populations, but evidence is unclear. I provide information on the distribution and natural history of non-native species of amphibians, reptiles and birds in Galapagos, including new data about the introduction history of S. quinquefasciatus; evidence on the establishment of H. frenatus on Isabela and San Cristobal islands; the first published record of a non-native snake in Galapagos, Lampropeltis micropholis; the first evidence of predation on squamate reptiles by G. gallus in Galapagos; and evidence of a probable major impact by C. ani due to extensive predation on the endemic Galapagos carpenter bee Xylocopa darwini. I comment on the invasiveness and impact potential of non-native species in Galapagos, identify vulnerable islands for the arrival of non-native species, identify potential hitchhiker that could arrive in the future and propose that it is important to rethink about how we understand, manage and prevent introductions of non-native species. The new wave of introduced species in Galapagos is formed by small hitchhikers, species that are easily overlooked, may travel in high numbers and are highly linked to human-made environments.

scholarly journals A review of the diversity and impact of invasive non-native species in tropical marine ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Alidoost Salimi ◽  
Joel C. Creed ◽  
Melanie M. Esch ◽  
Douglas Fenner ◽  
Zeehan Jaafar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seagrass Beds ◽  
Native Flora ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
The Status

AbstractTropical marine ecosystems are biologically diverse and economically invaluable. However, they are severely threatened from impacts associated with climate change coupled with localized and regional stressors, such as pollution and overfishing. Non-native species (sometimes referred to as ‘alien’ species) are another major threat facing these ecosystems, although rarely discussed and overshadowed by the other stressors mentioned above. NNS can be introduced accidentally (for example via shipping activities) and/or sometimes intentionally (for aquaculture or by hobbyists). Understanding the extent of the impacts NNS have on native flora and fauna often remains challenging, along with ascertaining when the species in question actually became ‘invasive’. Here we review the status of this threat across key tropical marine ecosystems such as coral reefs, algae meadows, mangroves, and seagrass beds. We aim to provide a baseline of where invasive NNS can be found, when they are thought to have been introduced and what impact they are thought to be having on the native ecosystems they now inhabit. In the appended material we provide a comprehensive list of NNS covering key groups such as macroalgae, sponges, seagrasses and mangroves, anthozoans, bryozoans, ascidians, fishes, and crustaceans.

The Cane or “Bufo” Toad (Rhinella marina) in Florida

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey C. Wilson ◽  
Steven A> Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Rhinella Marina ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1950S

Cane Toads are an invasive species in Florida and in many countries around the world. They have been established in Florida since the 1950s and have now spread to human-modified habitat throughout much of South and Central Florida. Cane Toads are larger and more poisonous than Florida's native toads; they can be fatal to dogs that try to eat them, and more research is necessary to understand their impacts on Florida's native species. This document covers the history of Cane Toads in Florida and how to distinguish them from native species.  It describes their ecology and impacts on both ecosystems and people. Finally, it provides advice for dealing with Cane Toads in yards and neighborhoods.

scholarly journals Current status and natural history of the critically endangered Variable Harlequin Toad (Atelopus varius) in Costa Rica

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-388
Author(s):  
Cesar Luis Barrio Amoros ◽  
Gerardo Chaves ◽  
Robert Puschendorf
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Color Patterns ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of

The Variable Harlequin Toad (Atelopus varius) has suffered extensive declines in Panama and Costa Rica.Of 169 previously documented populations, only seven are known to survive. Herein we review the status of the survivingpopulations of this species in Costa Rica, describing the results of random visits to five of the seven survivingpopulations during the last six years, novel information on the natural history of three of these, and the results of amonitoring program of one continuous year on one of them. We identify three distinct morphs that might be the onlysurvivors of what once was a wide array of phenotypic color patterns.

scholarly journals Introduction to SeamlessAccess

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-175
Author(s):  
Tim Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Current Status ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Technical Terms ◽  
Seamless Access

This paper provides a general introduction to the SeamlessAccess (SA) initiative, covering the following four topics: Why are we here? A recap of why was SA created and the history of this initiative to date; How does it work? A walk through how Federated Authentication and SA work, so you are familiar with some of the technical terms and we can build on that knowledge when we address privacy and security; What is the current status? An update on the status of this initiative; How do I participate? Information on how you can participate to deliver more seamless access to your users.

scholarly journals Marine Macroalgae: Prospective Hitchhikers of Ship Ballast

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temjensangba Imchen
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Dark Stress ◽  
Transfer Potential

Invasive alien species, on successful establishment, can displace native species. The threat of invasive species arises in view of their ability to outcompete and destabilize native biodiversity. Invasive species are found across all taxonomic groups of plants, animals and microorganisms. The green macroalga Ulva flexuosa has a potential to become invasive and this species was investigated for its hitchhiking potential under laboratory conditions. Zoospores of U. flexuosa were maintained at 4°C for nearly 10 months in the dark. Recruitment potential of zoospores after dark stress was tested in a modified Provasoli medium under optimal laboratoryconditions. The success rate of zoospore recruitment was 61%. The paper describes the transfer potential through shipping activities by correlating the Ulva zoospores recruitment potential and survivability.

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