scholarly journals IKHTILAF AL-MUFASSIRIN: MEMAHAMI SEBAB-SEBAB PERBEDAAN ULAMA DALAM PENAFSIRAN ALQURAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-306
Author(s):  
Ahmad Zainal Abidin
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Differences Of Opinion ◽  
Shari'a Law ◽  
Special Causes

All Muslims agree that the Qur’an is the first and main source of Islamic law. Nevertheless, this scripture does not guarantee the same result of interpretation, given that the background of life surrounding of the interpreter is different. This paper will review the forms of ikhtilaf al-mufassirin and the causes that bring it up. In examining the causes of ikhtilaf al-mufassirin, there are at least two causes; (1) a common cause, such as the occurrence of ikhtilaf in the case of qira’at, i’rab, musytarak, hakakat-majaz, ‘am-khas, mutlaq-muqayyad, mujmal-mubayyan, amr-nahi, nasikh-mansukh, and ikhtilaf in positioning reason as the source of shari’a law; (2) special causes, such as ikhtilaf in criticism of sanad and matan, ikhtilaf in taking a source of law, and ikhtilaf in the case of aqidah and madhhab. While the forms of ikhtilaf al-mufassirin there are also two forms; (1) ikhtilaf tanawwu’, ie dissent of opinion which is all aimed at the same intention; (2) ikhtilaf taddad, that is, differences of opinion which is conflicting and can not be united.

scholarly journals IKHTILAF AL-MUFASSIRIN: MEMAHAMI SEBAB-SEBAB PERBEDAAN ULAMA DALAM PENAFSIRAN ALQURAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-306
Author(s):  
Ahmad Zainal Abidin
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Differences Of Opinion ◽  
Shari'a Law ◽  
Special Causes

All Muslims agree that the Qur’an is the first and main source of Islamic law. Nevertheless, this scripture does not guarantee the same result of interpretation, given that the background of life surrounding of the interpreter is different. This paper will review the forms of ikhtilaf al-mufassirin and the causes that bring it up. In examining the causes of ikhtilaf al-mufassirin, there are at least two causes; (1) a common cause, such as the occurrence of ikhtilaf in the case of qira’at, i’rab, musytarak, hakakat-majaz, ‘am-khas, mutlaq-muqayyad, mujmal-mubayyan, amr-nahi, nasikh-mansukh, and ikhtilaf in positioning reason as the source of shari’a law; (2) special causes, such as ikhtilaf in criticism of sanad and matan, ikhtilaf in taking a source of law, and ikhtilaf in the case of aqidah and madhhab. While the forms of ikhtilaf al-mufassirin there are also two forms; (1) ikhtilaf tanawwu’, ie dissent of opinion which is all aimed at the same intention; (2) ikhtilaf taddad, that is, differences of opinion which is conflicting and can not be united.

Six Sigma to distinguish patterns in COVID-19 approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem Salentijn ◽  
Jiju Antony ◽  
Jacqueline Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Six Sigma ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
National Data ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Data Registration ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Special Causes ◽  
Cross National

PurposeCOVID-19 has changed life as we know. Data are scarce and necessary for making decisions on fighting COVID-19. The purpose of this paper is to apply Six Sigma techniques on the current COVID-19 pandemic to distinguish between special cause and common cause variation. In the DMAIC structure, different approaches applied in three countries are compared.Design/methodology/approachFor three countries the mortality is compared to the population to distinguish between special cause variation and common cause variation. This variation and the patterns in it are assessed to the countries' different approaches to COVID-19.FindingsIn the DMAIC problem-solving approach, patterns in the data are distinguished. The special cause variation is assessed to the special causes and approaches. The moment on which measures were taken has been essential, as well as policies on testing and distancing.Research limitations/implicationsCross-national data comparisons are a challenge as countries have different moments on which they register data on their population. Furthermore, different intervals are taken, varying from registering weekly to registering yearly. For the research, three countries with similar data registration and different approaches in fighting COVID-19 were taken.Originality/valueThis is the first study with Master Black Belts from different countries on the application of Six Sigma techniques and the DMAIC from the viewpoint of special cause variation on COVID-19.

scholarly journals PENERAPANKONSEP TAYSÎRDALAM SISTEM EKONOMI ISLAM

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andi Iswandi
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Support Groups ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Significant Function ◽  
The Law ◽  
Shari'a Law ◽  
Islamic Economic

Application of Taysîrin The Islamic Economic System. Studies about the taysîrconcept are still minimal but taysîrhas a significant function in addressing issues of Islamic law, particularly in the field of mu’âmalah. In the field of mu’âmalah, the taysîrconcept is not only needed, moreover it is a ‘cure’ in necessity to heal the morbidity of heretical behaviour in business and economics. Taysîrhas also become the answer for groups of people who are contradictory when addressing the Shari’a law. Taysîrdoes not provide answers and support groups who are rigid against Shari’a law (al-mutasyaddid) and also does not provide answers and support groups who undermine the law (al-mutasâhil).DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v14i2.1283

scholarly journals Penyelarasan Fatwa Antara Negeri-Negeri: Analisis Amalan dan Kaedah Penyeragamannya di Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-109
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fathullah Al Haq Muhamad Asni ◽  
Jasni Sulong
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Legal Decisions ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Library Research ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Qualitative Research Methodology ◽  
Differences Of Opinion ◽  
The Difference

Fatwa is usually associated with a formal decision in respect of any Islamic law issued by a committee of religious-based regions or countries that have legal jurisdiction. Therefore, a fatwa gazetted in particular has the power legally enforceable against civilians in the territory. However the difference territory and jurisdiction of religion causing inconsistencies especially pronounced in response to the question of who gets disputes by fuqaha’ (khilafiyyah). This situation is clearly in Malaysia, where there are 14 State Mufti Department varying representing their respective states. Some fatwas issued by these states are found to be unparalleled to each other and this situation poses a conflict, especially in the administration of law. Although each state has a State Administration of Islamic Affairs which is almost uniform, have a provision referring to Islamic law (qawl final) and monitoring by the National Fatwa Committee on an issue of national fatwa, but some of the fatwa still in dispute resolution. The situation is the existence of a situation of unjust laws, there is no consistency in doing ijtihad, which denies the meaning of equality in the decision of Islamic law in the country. Thus, based on this, the study was conducted to identify the cause of the inconsistency of this fatwa, the factors influencing and measures and proposals to overcome. This is a qualitative research methodology in which data were collected through library research and field studies. Field studies conducted interviews with the mufti method, istinbat officials and senior academics. The study found that the Federal Government through  Jabatan Kemajuan Agama Islam Malaysia (JAKIM) has undertaken several initiatives to overcome this but the attitude of some members of the committee of states fatwa on the matter, which holds tight (rigid) to the Shafi'i and mastering knowledge in accepting differences of opinion (mura'ah al-khilaf ) restrain to reach this goal. This is because the Majlis Jawatankuasa Fatwa Kebangsaan (MJFK) was agreed as the medium of fatwa union between the states in the country and should be given priority at this stage of legal decisions ruling that the state can participate fully. Keywords: Fatwa, the difference (khilaf), Mufti, istinbat methods, Shafi'i madhhab Abstrak Fatwa adalah biasanya dikaitkan dengan keputusan rasmi berkenaan sesuatu hukum syarak yang dikeluarkan oleh sesuatu jawatankuasa agama yang berasaskan wilayah atau negara yang mempunyai bidangkuasa undang-undang. Oleh kerana itu, sesuatu fatwa khususnya yang diwartakan mempunyai kuasa perundangan yang boleh dikuatkuasakan ke atas orang awam di wilayah terbabit. Bagaimanapun perbezaan wilayah dan bidangkuasa agama menyebabkan berlakunya ketidakseragaman fatwa khususnya dalam menanggapi persoalan yang mendapat perselisihan fuqaha’ (khilafiyyah). Keadaan ini amat terserlah di Malaysia di mana terdapat 14 Jabatan Mufti Negeri yang berbeza-beza yang mewakili negeri masing-masing. Sebahagian fatwa yang dikeluarkan oleh negeri-negeri ini didapati tidak selari antara satu sama lain dan keadaan ini menimbulkan konflik terutamanya dalam pentadbiran undang-undang. Walaupun setiap negeri mempunyai Enakmen Hal Ehwal Pentadbiran Agama Islam yang hampir seragam, mempunyai peruntukan rujukan hukum syarak (qawl muktamad) yang sama dan pemantauan Muzakarah Jawatankuasa Fatwa Kebangsaan dalam sesuatu isu fatwa nasional, namun sebahagian fatwa tersebut masih lagi mendapat perselisihan keputusan. Keadaan ini mewujudan situasi hukum yang tidak adil, tiada keselarasan dalam melakukan ijtihad, yang menafikan maksud kesaksamaan dalam keputusan hukum syarak dalam negara ini. Justeru berdasarkan hal ini, kajian dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti punca ketidakselarasan fatwa ini, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi dan langkah serta cadangan untuk mengatasinya. Metodologi kajian ini bersifat kualitatif di mana data-data dikumpulkan melalui kajian kepustakaan dan kajian lapangan. Kajian lapangan dilakukan secara metod temubual dengan para mufti, pegawai istinbat dan ahli akademik. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa Kerajaan Persekutuan melalui Jabatan Kemajuan Agama Islam Malaysia (JAKIM) telah melakukan beberapa inisiatif untuk mengatasi hal ini namun sikap sesetengah ahli jawatankuasa fatwa negeri yang ketat (rigid) kepada Mazhab Syafi'i dan penguasaan ilmu dalam menerima perbezaan pandangan (mura'ah al-khilaf) mengekang kepada capaian matlamat ini. Ini kerana Majlis Jawatankuasa Fatwa Kebangsaan (MJFK) telah dipersetujui sebagai medium penyatuan fatwa antara negeri-negeri di negara ini dan sepatutnya diutamakan keputusan hukum di peringkat ini supaya fatwa negeri dapat mengikuti dengan sepenuhnya. Kata kunci: Fatwa, perbezaan (khilaf), Mufti, kaedah istinbat, Mazhab Syafi'i.

scholarly journals Wakaf Uang Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam dan Hukum Positif di Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Syarif Hidayatullah
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Legitimate Business ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
The World ◽  
Differences Of Opinion ◽  
Important Position ◽  
Business Sectors

Abstract. Money occupies an important position in the activities of economic transactions in various countries in the world because it not only serves as a medium of exchange, but is already regarded as a thing despite the differences of opinion among jurists as a commodity that can be traded. The provisions of the endowment money held in Indonesia are regulated in Law No. 2004 regarding the Waqf 4l. Endowments money to basically encourage Islamic banks to be a Nazarite professionals. The bank as a surrogate recipient waqf property can be investing the money in legitimate business sectors that produce benefits. The bank itself as nazir entitled to a maximum of 10% of the remuneration, benefits.Keywords: Money Waqf, Islamic Law, Positive Law  Abstrak.Uang menempati posisi penting dalam kegiatan transaksi ekonomi di berbagai Negara di dunia karena tidak hanya berfungai sebagai alat tukar, tetapi sudah dianggap sebagai benda meskipun terjadi perbedaan pendapat di antara ulama fikih sebagai komoditi yang dapat diperdagangkan. Ketentuan tentang wakaf uang yang dilaksanakan di lndonesia yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 4l Tahun 2004 Tentang Wakaf. Wakaf uang pada dasarnya mendorong bank Syariah untuk menjadi nazir yang profesional. Pihak bank sebagai penerima titipan harta wakaf dapat menginvestasikan uang tersebut pada sektor-sektor usaha halal yang menghasilkan manfaat. Pihak bank sendiri sebagai nazir berhak mendapat imbalan maksimum 10% dari, keuntungan yang diperoleh.Kata Kunci: Wakaf Uang, Hukum Islam, Hukum Positif

scholarly journals PEMIKIRAN FIQH DAN TASAWWUF SYEKH MUHAMMAD NAWAWI BANTEN DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP MODERASI BERAGAMA DAN PERDAMAIAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-398
Author(s):  
Ahmad Muzakki
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
National Character ◽  
Mutual Respect ◽  
Differences Of Opinion ◽  
The Law

Syekh Muhammad Nawawi Banten is a figure of the Indonesian Ulama who has a major contribution in Islamic law and the formation of national character. His works cover various disciplines. Syekh Nawawi is one of the scholars who are able to combine science of jurisprudence and tasawwuf. In his Sufi fiqh thinking there are a number of moderation values that affect peace. This study uses literature and conceptual studies. The values of moderation in fiqh thinking include always trying to minimize differences of opinion, tolerant in the midst of differences of opinion madzhab, be careful (ihtiyath) in setting the law, and not fanatic madzhab. While among moderate thoughts in Sufism is the teaching about the combination of Shari'a, Tariqot and the nature, between tawakkal and endeavor in seeking income. The values of moderation in the thought of fiqh and tasawwuf Shaykh Nawawi Banten are very influential in shaping the nation's character and creating peace. This can be seen from the moderate thinking of his students who have extraordinary influence in Indonesia. The thought of fiqh and Sufism Shaykh Nawawi can foster tolerance, mutual respect amid differences, enthusiasm for work and discipline in all activities.

scholarly journals The Interrelation between Islamic Law and Regional Regulations in Jember (Examining the Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘at-based Reasoning in Istinbāṭ al-Ahkām)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhaimin Muhaimin
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Shari'a Law ◽  
The One

This study reviews the dichotomous concept of secular and shari’a laws. Such concept has led to new discourses: first, shari’a can influence national (modern) law without mentioning the Islamic framework in the formulation process. Second, the shari’a can stand on its own for particular religious groups who believe in its truth and place it in a higher position than the secular law. Third, the substance of shari’a and modern laws is integrable. This study uses an anthropological-sociological approach with Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘at framework. As a result, the study shows both national and regional legal products, on the one hand, are considered as the shari’a law as long as they are beneficial to and protect all people. On the other hand, the shari’a, which substantially reflects equality and fairness, can be claimed as modern law.     AbstrakStudi ini mengkaji konsep dikotomis hukum sekuler dan shari’a. Konsep tersebut melahirkan wacana-wacana baru: pertama, shari’a dapat mempengaruhi hukum nasional (modern) tanpa menyebutkan kerangka Islam dalam proses perumusannya. Kedua, shari’a dapat berdiri sendiri bagi kelompok agama tertentu yang meyakini kebenarannya dan menempatkannya pada posisi yang lebih tinggi dari hukum sekuler. Ketiga, substansi shari’a dan hukum modern terintegrasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan antropologis-sosiologis dengan kerangka Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘at. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa produk hukum nasional dan daerah di satu sisi dianggap sebagai hukum shari’a selama bermanfaat dan melindungi semua orang. Di sisi lain, shari’a yang secara substansial mencerminkan kesetaraan dan keadilan dapat diklaim sebagai hukum modern.  

scholarly journals الرخصة الشرعية: تعريفها وأقسامها ومسائل تتعلق بها

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-83
Author(s):  
Aḥmad bin Muḥammad bin ‘Abd al-Hādī
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Contemporary Life ◽  
Differences Of Opinion

Allah SWT. has bestowed Muslims with many advantages and specialties that are not given to other people, among the greatest gifts that Allah 'azza wajalla has given to the Islamic law as well as differentiating it from the previous ummah, namely the existence of relief and eliminating distress according to the passages of the Qur'an and sunnah show this. This study aims to explain the nature of the Rukhshah Syar'iyyah (reliefs) and some of the problems associated with it and to explain the strongest opinion of the differences of opinion of the scholars. The method used in this research is the descriptive analysis method. The results of this study indicate that Rukhshah is a shar'i law that changes from difficult to easy due to an age that causes it to take this relief while still having the original legal cause. There are also some important issues related to the Rukhshah which have an impact on contemporary life. Amongthese are that the Rukhshah is a branch, not the original law and that an immoral person cannot choose an existing Rukhshah, as well as not looking for loopholes to always get one.

The rupture between the Muhammadiyah and the Ahmadiyya

2009 ◽  
Vol 161 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman L. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Law Schools ◽  
Upper Secondary ◽  
Differences Of Opinion ◽  
Upper Secondary Schools

The Muhammadiyah is often mistakenly associated by outsiders with the Ahmadiyya1 according to the writers of the Muhammadiyah sebagai gerakan Islam (Kamal, Yusuf and Sholeh 1994:130-1). In this book, they want to explain to students attending the upper secondary schools of the Muhammadiyah, and also to ordinary members of the organization, what kind of organization the Muhammadiyah is and what it stands for. To define the character of the Muhammadiyah, they deal with, for example, the position of the organization in relation to other Islamic religious groups (Ar.: firqa) and the Islamic law schools (Ar.: madhhab) (Kamal, Yusuf and Sholeh 1994:126-36). The authors regard the differences between the Islamic religious groups as resulting from differences of opinion regarding essential elements of the Islamic creed (Ar.: ‘aqîda). However, in their view, the differences between the various Islamic law schools are connected with divergences of opinion not affecting the basic tenets of Islamic doctrine (Ar.: khilâfiyya). The the authors of Muhammadiyah sebagai gerakan Islam mention the Ahmadiyya while discussing some other Islamic religious groups.

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