قاعدة الأصل بقاء ما كان على ما كان وتطبيقها في الصائم الذي أفطر قبل غروب الشمس خطأً: دراسة مقارنة بين المذاهب الأربعة وشيخ الإسلام ابن تيمية

This research discusses the law of the people who break the fast assuming the sun has set, then proved afterwards that the sun has not set by comparing the four schools and Shaykh al-Islām Ibn Taymiyyah, as well as how the implementation of the rule al-Aṣl Baqā' mā Kān 'alā mā Kān. This research aims to find out how the law of fasting according to the four schools, Shaykh Islam Ibn Taymiyyah in this matter, and how the above rules are implemented in this matter. The scientific method used in this study is inductive and deductive methods. The results showed that the law of fasting according to jumhūr al-ulamā’ for people who break the fast assuming the sun has set, then it is clear afterwards that the sun has not set is the unvalid fast, and he is obliged to replace (qaḍā’) it based on the proposition in their view. Jumhūr put this issue in the rule of al-aṣl baqā' mā kān 'alā mā kān. In contrast to Shaykh al-Islām Ibn Taimiyah who considers that his fasting is valid and unnecessary based on the proposition on which he handles it, and he does not include this problem in the rule of al-aṣl baqā' mā kān 'alā mā kān.

حكم تعزير مانع الزكاة بأخذ المال عند المذاهب الأربعة

Zakat obligation is matter in religion that are logically already known. Refusing to pay zakat due to ignorance and greed is one of the great sins in afterlife law, and is among the most heinous crimes in worldly law. This research discusses the law of takzir against people who are reluctant to pay zakat by taking their property according to the four schools. This research aims to find out the opinions of the four schools of jurisprudence about the law of takzir against people who are reluctant to pay zakat by taking their property (forcibly), and to know the understanding of disputes of opinion about the takzir against people who are reluctant to pay zakat by taking their property according to four schools. The research methods used in research are inductive-deductive and comparative methods. The results showed that the four schools of jurisprudence agreed to impose takzir on people who are reluctant to pay zakat by taking their property forcibly according to the obligatory zakat rate on it without additional. While some scholars consider that takzir for people who are reluctant to pay zakat is to take their property forcibly according to the obligatory zakat rate on it accompanied by additional punishment that takes half of its property. This is the opinion of the old Shafii (qaul qadīm), one of the narration of Imam Ahmad, as well as the opinion of some scholars such as al-Auzāʿī, Isḥāq bin Rāhūyah, Ibn al-ʿUṡaimīn, in addition to the opinion of the permanent of Fatwa Commission of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. As for the understanding of dissent in this matter is the knowledge that every school of jurisprudence has a proposition as a guideline to strengthen its opinion, so that the difference should not be the cause of division and hostility among the Muslims.

نواقض الوضوء عند الشافعية والحنابلة (دراسة مقارنة)

Ablution is a great form of taharah so Sharia makes it a legal condition of prayer. The four schools have agreed on most problems related to ablution, such as its pillars, its obligations, its circumcision and its nullifiers, but they are also different in some ways. This study aims to find out the opinions of Shafi'i and Hanbali schools about ablution and things which invalidate it, as well as strong opinions of both. The scientific methods used to achieve results are inductive-deductive and comparison methods. The results showed that the things which invalidate it according to the Shafi'i school there are four things and according to the Hanbali school there are seven. Then there is the difference of opinion between the two schools in this matter on four points, namely: the feces coming out of the body as thing can invalidate the ablution, sleeping while sitting, touching women and eating camel meat. This research is expected to contribute in the field of comparative jurisprudence of schools, especially in the problem of nullifiers of ablution according to Shafi'i and Hanbali schools, and increasing knowledge in this matter.

حوكمة الزكاة في ضوء مقاصد الشريعة

This research discusses zakat governance in the context of sharia maqāṣid, because zakat governance has a special legitimacy purpose that helps Islamic communities in economic problems. The purpose of this study is to clarify the standards of governance control of zakat sharia maqāṣid perspective and to demonstrate the method of zakat governance according to maqāṣid sharia. In this study, researchers used several scientific methods, including: (1) inductive methods to track and collect fiqhiyyah arguments and arguments; (2) descriptive approach, which is the study of the problem of jurisprudence with an accurate description, as well as an explanation of its correlation with various other problems; (3) Analytical methods are methods based on the study of jurisprudic problems in digging, synthesizing and evaluating, and studying their properties and functions in returning elements to their origin. The results showed that the method of zakat governance to achieve sharia maqāṣid is the discipline of members of administrative bodies in collecting and distributing zakat, as well as the supremacy of sharia on the provisions of the berzakat parties, and born from it several important things, among others: transparency, accountability, independence, justice, and social responsibility of zakat management institutions. The criteria that can be used in zakat governance, where governance depends on the extent to which special institutions implement the concepts of governance, namely: the existence of an effective framework basis for the government, the rule of law for all, the capacity of accountability for all private and public institutions in the country (transparency, participation and mechanisms) and the guarantee system of upholding these principles in accordance with the characteristics of each country.

مشكلات تعليم اللغة العربية وعلاجها في برنامج الإعداد اللغوي بالمعهد العالي للدراسات الإسلامية واللغة العربية بمكسر

This research aims to describe the problem of teaching Arabic and its solutions in Language Preparation Program at STIBA Makassar. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research with the type of field research research conducted at the STIBA Makassar campus in the Language Preparation Program. Data collection uses in-depth interview methods by making 17 lecturers (male and female) in the Language Preparation Program and 4 students in charge of language as a source of data/informants. The results showed that: (1) Lecturer perception related to the problem of Arabic Language Teaching in Language Preparation Program at STIBA Makassar there are six, as follows: (a) Teaching Book; most informants state that some teaching books are irrelevant to the student's condition in terms of vocabulary and expressions or environmental culture. (b) Learners; most informants state that most students have low motivation and interest in learning Arabic and discipline in the application of language, (c) Facilities and Infrastructure; learning facilities and infrastructure are still minimal, such as the absence of language laboratories, (d) Evaluation; some informants highlighted that oral test instruments have not been applied to all language courses in the Midterm Examination (UTS) and in the Final Semester Examination (UAS), (e) Curriculum; most informants say that one year's learning is relatively short coupled with a large amount of teaching material, and (f) Environment; most informants mention that lecturers and senior students cannot yet be used as role models in language, and activities outside the classroom are not more oriented towards language improvement; (2) Lecturer's Perception regarding Solutions to the problems of teaching Arabic in Language Preparation Program at STIBA Makassar there are six, as follows: (a) Teaching Book; most informants state that the Language Preparation Program at STIBA Makassar needs to make some teaching books to adjust to the conditions of students, (b) Learners; all informants say that the solution in overcoming the constraints of learners is the provision of motivation to students. Lecturers and senior students should be role models in the application of the language, (c) Facilities and Infrastructure; all informants state that STIBA Makassar should utilize learning facilities, namely language laboratories, (d) Evaluation; the infroman states that oral tests are important for the effectiveness of learning evaluation in all language courses at UTS and UAS, (e) Curriculum; all informants say that ideally language learning in the Language Preparation Program at STIBA Makassar is two years; (f) Environment; all informants say that the activation of language activities must be followed up by STIBA Makassar. Activities that do not synergize with language improvement must be reduced and the application of language rules. The implication of this research is that there is expected to be a follow-up to this study that highlights in terms of student perception related to constraints/problems in Arabic language learning and its solutions in Language Preparation Program at STIBA Makassar.

العقل في الإسلام: منزلته، ومجالاته، وعلاقته بالنقل

This research aims to clarify the position of reason and its domain in Islam in view of the texts of the Qur'an and Sunnah, and to outline the concept of the relationship of reason and naql saḥīḥ, by examining the "al-Qānūn al-Kullī" conceptualized by al-Rāzī, as well as the basic explanation of its guidelines. Researchers use descriptive methods of analysis, and in some circumstances use dialectical methods according to the nature of the problem, its circumstances and implications. The results show that reason has a great position in Islam, because it is the basis of taklīf, the criteria (benchmark) of eligibility, and is one of the five maqāṣid sharia that Islam came to preserve and maintain it. Nevertheless, God has set limits for reason in istinbāṭ that cannot be exceeded, so that it does not belong in his domain: supernatural things such as the nature of asthma and the nature of God, as well as the nature of the day of resurrection. He was also unable to reveal the secret of maḥḍah worship. In fact, the position of reason in relation to revelation is like the position of sight in relation to the light of the sun, if it is in line with the light of revelation then it will be guided, otherwise it will sink into error and confusion that ends in things that are not useful. Originally, the contradiction between common sense and valid naql was impossible. However, if anyone claims this, it cannot be separated from four possibilities: damage to reason, invalid propositions, misrepresentation, or failure to distinguish between the ability of reason and its limits.

قدرة حفظ القرآن الكريم وعلاقتها في سهولة تعلم اللغة العربية لدى طالبات المعهد العالي للدراسات الإسلامية واللغة العربية

This thesis discusses the relationship between the ability of memorizing the Al-Qur'an al-kariim and the easeness of Arabic learning for female students at STIBA Makassar. The main objectives of this research were threefolds: 1. To understand the female students’ ability in memorizing the Al-Qur'an al-kariim at STIBA Makassar, 2. To understand the processes of the Arabic learning and the Al-Qur'an al-kariim memorization activities of female students at STIBA Makassar, 3. To investigate the relationship between the Al-Qur'an al-kariim memorization ability and the easiness of Arabic learning for female students at STIBA Makassar. The researcher completed this study by using a qualitative descriptive method with a semi-quantitative approach. The data collection methods used in this research were personal interviews and accurate observations on the students’ learning process. The data of students’ academic assessments who were successful in one semester were collected and analysed. The quantitative data were also collected in this research from the answers of students through compatibility approach. From this research, it was apparent that the methods used by the teachers and students in memorizing the Al-Qur'an al-kariim was considered to be very good. In terms of the relationship between the Al-Qur'an al-kariim memorization and Arabic learning, 100% of teachers and 97.9% of female students at STIBA Makassar were in agreement that there is a strong and close relationship between the Al-Qur'an al-kariim memorization and Arabic learning. In this case, the Al-Qur'an al-kariim memorization could assist students to understand the Arabic language and context and to pronounce the Arabic words and letters contained in the verses of the Al-Qur'an al-kariim. Besides, the non-Arabic Al-Qur'an al-kariim memorizers are able to learn Arabic easily because by memorizing the Al-Qur'an al-kariim, a memorizer applies and practices various aspects that could better their Arabic such as the four language skills, the Arabic elements, and the contexts of religious lessons and understandings.

المنظومة البيقونية وعناية أهل العلم بها

Hadith is the second source of Islamic law after the Qur'an, obedience to the Messenger of Allah is also obedience to Allah SWT. The Prophet's Sunnah came to strengthen, explain and add new laws to the Qur'an. The scholars have paid great attention to preserving the sunnah, this is evidenced by their work in the science of hadith muṣṭalaḥ, where they put down and establish rules for the acceptance and rejection of hadiths regarding mind and sanad. One of the most famous works in the science of muṣṭalaḥ hadith is al-Manẓūmah al-Baiqūnīah. This study aims to get to know al-Manẓūmah al-Baiqūnīah and its position among scholars in general and those who are involved in the science of hadith in particular as well as the intensity of the ulama's attention to this manmahūmah. This research uses inductive and deductive descriptive methods, by extrapolating information related to the description and biography of al-Baiqūnī and what is related to the description of his book (al-Manẓūmah al-Baiqūnīah). In his research, the researcher achieved many results, including al-Baiqūnī does not have sufficient biography to show his identity, this manẓūmah is one of the most succinct scientific observations in the science of muṣṭalaḥ hadith. Even though it is concise, this manzumah is highly accepted by those who are busy and deepen the science of hadith even though it contains criticism from some scholars. This is evidence of the great concern of the scholars for this manẓūmah.

الفروق الفقهية في كتب فروع المذهب الشافعي

Some fuqaha of syafiiyah in describing problems that have the same form but different laws which later became known as furuq fiqhiyyah, fuqaha of syafiiyah has been very prominent in describing furuq fiqhiyyah in the books of furu' mazhab. After reading some of the problems of furuq fiqhiyyah in some of these furu' books, the author finds that there is a difference between one writer and another in describing this furuq fiqhiyyah. Therefore, we need an initial article that explains the general guidelines about furuq fiqhiyyah. The author in this study uses the inductive deductive method by doing a general reading of several books of furu schools of syafiyyah, then concludes the method of describing their furuq fiqhiyyah. The conclusion that the authors get is that fuqaha of syafiiyah in describing furuq fiqhiyyah in the furu' mazhab book uses several categories: first: based on the mention of lafadz furuq used, second: based on the mention of he different sides of the two problems, third: based on the cause and background and the intention of furuq fiqhiyyah mentioned, fourth: based on the basis and origin of this furuq fiqhiyyah, and fifth: based on whether the two problems mentioned in this problem originate from one chapter of fiqh or come from different chapters

الرخصة الشرعية: تعريفها وأقسامها ومسائل تتعلق بها

Allah SWT. has bestowed Muslims with many advantages and specialties that are not given to other people, among the greatest gifts that Allah 'azza wajalla has given to the Islamic law as well as differentiating it from the previous ummah, namely the existence of relief and eliminating distress according to the passages of the Qur'an and sunnah show this. This study aims to explain the nature of the Rukhshah Syar'iyyah (reliefs) and some of the problems associated with it and to explain the strongest opinion of the differences of opinion of the scholars. The method used in this research is the descriptive analysis method. The results of this study indicate that Rukhshah is a shar'i law that changes from difficult to easy due to an age that causes it to take this relief while still having the original legal cause. There are also some important issues related to the Rukhshah which have an impact on contemporary life. Amongthese are that the Rukhshah is a branch, not the original law and that an immoral person cannot choose an existing Rukhshah, as well as not looking for loopholes to always get one.