scholarly journals Assessment of aerobic bacteria killing activity of low energry X-rays in potatoes

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. first
Author(s):  
Nguyễn An Sơn ◽  
Hai Van Cao ◽  
Trieu Ngoc Le ◽  
Giang Van Nguyen ◽  
Ha Thi Nguyet Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Food Irradiation ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Bacteria Killing ◽  
Cover Up

Potato is one of popular agricultural products grown and used in the world with high effective economic and nutritional value. In potatoes, there are always have some harmful bacteria species due to the sources of exposure from the seed, soil as well as the post-harvest environment which make deceasing the quality and quantity of potatoes. Usually, irradiation with gamma isotope sources is used in food irradiation, however, the disadvantage of the gamma source is the safe shielding reason even without the use of irradiation. Nowadays, X-ray irradiation in food is one of the methods interest to storage in long time. The first advantage of X-ray irradiation is that most of aerobic bacteria in food is killed, but does it not change the quality of the potato. Moreever, the advantage of an X-ray generator is that it does not have to cover up radiation when not in use. In this study, we have used low energy X-rays emitted from X-ray generator MBR-1618R-BE (Hitachi -Japan) to study the ability to kill aerobic bacteria in potatoes grown in Da Lat. After preparation, potato samples were irradiated at doses ranging from 50 Gy to 5000 Gy. The irradiated samples were homogenized and inoculated on Nutrient Agar and incubated at 370C in an incubator to check the changes of aerobic bacteria. The research showed that the number of aerobic bacteria decreased dramatically to a dose of 1000 Gy (the aerobic bacteria was only less than 0,6%), despite a sharp increase in the dose of irradiation, this number decreased a little. The results also showed that D10 dose was 471,34 Gy.

scholarly journals Исследование этапов превращения кремния в карбид кремния в процессе атомного замещения методами полного внешнего отражения рентгеновских лучей и рентгеновской дифрактомерии

2022 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 326
Author(s):  
С.А. Кукушкин ◽  
А.В. Осипов ◽  
Е.В. Осипова ◽  
В.М. Стожаров
Keyword(s):  
Structural Quality ◽  
Total External Reflection ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Reflection Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Modified Technique ◽  
Substitution Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sic Films

X-ray diffraction and total external reflection of X-rays (X-ray reflectometry) methods were used to study the successive stages of synthesis of epitaxial SiC films on Si (100) X-ray diffraction and total external X-ray reflection (XRD) methods were used to study successive stages of synthesis of epitaxial SiC films on Si (100) surfaces, (110) and (111) surfaces by the atom substitution method. The data on the transformation evolution of (100) surfaces were studied, (110) and (111) Si, into SiC surfaces. A comparative analysis of the X-ray structural quality of the SiC layers grown on Si by the atom substitution method with the quality of SiC layers grown by Advanced Epi by the standard CVD method. A modified technique for the total outer X-ray reflection method, based on measurements of the intensity of the reflected X-rays using a special parabolic mirror. It is shown that the method of total external reflection method makes it possible to obtain important information about the degree of surface roughness of SiC layers, the evolution of their crystal structure and plasmon energy in the process of Si to SiC conversion.

Annealing Time Dependence on 1.5μm Photoluminescence of Laser-Ablated β-FeSi2

2005 ◽  
Vol 891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-ichiro Uekusa ◽  
Kunitoshi Aoki ◽  
Mohammad Zakir Hossain ◽  
Tomohiro Fukuda ◽  
Noboru Miura
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Thermal Diffusion ◽  
Annealing Time ◽  
Crystal Quality ◽  
Photoluminescence Intensity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Long Time

ABSTRACTWe prepared β-FeSi2 thin-films by using a Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) method and succeeded to observe photoluminescence (PL) around 1.5 μm corresponding to β-FeSi2 band from the long-time and high-temperature annealed β-FeSi2 thin-films. The β-FeSi2 thin-films were ablated on Si(111) substrates heated at 550°C. After ablation, long-time and high-temperature thermal annealing was performed in order to improve the crystal-quality. Annealing times were 5, 10, 20 and 40 hrs, and annealing temperature was kept at 900 °C. Crystallinity was evaluated by an X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement. We have observed eminent improvement on crystal-quality of β-FeSi2 thin-films. Annealed samples show (220) or (202) X-ray diffraction signals of β-FeSi2 and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of these peaks were 0.27° although the thickness of the samples decreased with annealing time. Thermal-diffusion of Si atoms was observed from substrate to thin-films. Fe atoms in the ablated thin-films also diffused into the substrate. The relationship between the thickness of β-FeSi2 thin-films and the thermal-diffusion were investigated with rutherford backscattering (RBS) measurement. Maximum photoluminescence intensity around 1.5 μm was observed from the thickest β-FeSi2 thin-film with only 5 hrs annealing.

scholarly journals QUALITY CONTROL X RAYS MAMMOGRAPHY IN THE EFFORT MITIGATION INCREASING NUMBER OF CANCER PATIENTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Rini Safitri ◽  
Evi Yufita
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Test Subject ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Radiographic Image ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Radiation Output

Abstract. Early detection of breast cancer is the first step in prevention that can be done by women, therefore when one is diagnosed with breast cancer, the appropriate treatment can be performed quickly and accurately. Early diagnosis of breast cancer can be a way of mitigation in preventing breast cancer through the use of mammography. Bureau of Radiology as said by The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals (JHCA) stated that one of the responsibilities of the radiology unit is to control the quality of service which aims to minimize the radiographic image repetition factor; as well as maximizes the quality of radiographic image. Quality control tests are an effort that is needed on the mammography X-ray diagnostics tools. This is done to maintain the quality of expected output. The parameters that are included within the radiation output are the magnitude of current and the voltage of tube that are produced; therefore they remained constant and correspond to the recommended standard. Bureau of Radiological Health, as said by JHCA mentioned that to control the quality of image which will minimize the radiographic image repetition and maximizes the quality of radiographic image. Therefore the radiation output will not be dangerous later. The early stage of the quality control test on the machine was conducted by setting all the filtrations which were placed to capture the x-ray on the x-ray plane tube with minimum value. Then, ionization chamber is placed on the test subject points; right after that the distance between it to the radiation source is noted. The x-ray film is place on a film on the compression table of the patient and the distance between film and the focus point is noted. This is then exposed using a target filter Mo/Mo by setting the current as well as variation the voltage and time. The standard voltage measurements are 20-33kVp. This data is from the observations of time exposure; the output value is then noted. The above procedure is conducted from the minimum voltage to the maximum voltage. The output ray is measured for each voltage. The same procedure is conducted to the target filter Mo/RH. The results obtained are that the greater the input voltage and current will subsequently produce greater doses, therefore the exposure has exceeded the standard limit 0.1 mHy with longer exposure time. The HVL density thickness on the mammography X-ray machine determined the quality of the beam and the doses of x-ray exposure on the mammography machine. The output stability of x-ray beam exposure in the mammography machine mode Mo/Mo still fulfill the standard which is the value of 69% Keywords: Quality Control, Sinar-X, mammography, Mp/Mo, Mo/RH

scholarly journals 1700 Using Intra-Operative Imaging as A Tool to Provide Peer Review, Scoring, Feedback and Education for Hand and Wrist Trauma Cases - A Quality Improvement Project

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Smith ◽  
A Thompson ◽  
P Stanier ◽  
J Rooker ◽  
I Lowdon
Keyword(s):  
Final Report ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Constructive Feedback ◽  
Wrist Trauma ◽  
Specific Feedback ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time

Abstract Aim To improve the efficiency of intraoperative hand trauma x-ray review, introduce a scoring system for quality of fixation achieved and use this as an education and feedback tool for trainees. Method A large QI project in 2019 demonstrated that intra-operative images taken using the mini C-arm were not being reviewed. In March 2020 the first QI cycle introduced an Access database to ensure that as cases were removed from the trauma board, they were added to a review list. Each x-ray was also scored in the trauma meeting (good, acceptable, poor) to assess the radiographic quality of fixation. The second QI cycle identified the named surgeon for each case, allowing surgeon specific feedback. Finally, we trained all qualified users of the mini C-arm to upload their own images after each case, reducing the mean time to upload. Results This QI project has improved the review rate of mini C-arm images from 30% to 100% and every x-ray is scored. The mean time to review images has reduced from 4 days to less than 24 hours. All trainees can access their scores for imaged hand and wrist trauma and receive written constructive feedback. Conclusions This project ensures appropriate and prompt review of all hand and wrist trauma cases allowing early identification of any concerns. All x-rays are scored, and this process acts as an educational prompt in the trauma meeting. A final report can be printed for each trainee which can be uploaded to their portfolio to document their surgical progress.

scholarly journals CAE-COVIDX: automatic covid-19 disease detection based on x-ray images using enhanced deep convolutional and autoencoder

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Hanafi Hanafi ◽  
Andri Pranolo ◽  
Yingchi Mao
Keyword(s):  
Confusion Matrix ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Image Features ◽  
World Health ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
First Case ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Health Organization

Since the first case in 2019, Corona Virus has been spreading all over the world. World Health Organization (WHO) announced that COVID-19 had become an international pandemic. There is an essential section to handle the spreading of the virus by immediate virus detection for patients. Traditional medical detection requires a long time, a specific laboratory, and a high cost. A method for detecting Covid-19 faster compared to common approaches, such as RT-PCR detection, is needed. The method demonstrated that it could produce an X-ray image with higher accuracy and consumed less time. We propose a novel method to extract image features and to classify COVID-19 using deep CNN combined with Autoencoder (AE) dubbed CAE-COVIDX. We evaluated and compared it with the traditional CNN and existing framework VGG16 involving 400 normal images of non-COVID19 and 400 positive COVID-19 diseases. The performance evaluation was conducted using accuracy, confusion matrix, and loss evaluation. Based on experiment results, the CAE-COVIDX framework outperforms previous methods in several testing scenarios. This framework's ability to detect Covid-19 in various nonstandard image X-rays could effectively help medical employers diagnose Covid-19 patients. It is an important factor to decrease the spreading of Covid-19 massively.

SECONDARY RADIATION FROM X-RAY FILTERS: I. SINGLE-METAL FILTERS

1942 ◽  
Vol 20a (11) ◽  
pp. 185-194
Author(s):  
G. A. Wrenshall ◽  
H. J. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Intensity Distribution ◽  
Ionization Chamber ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Secondary Radiation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chamber Method ◽  
Aluminium Copper ◽  
Standard Operating

Using an ionization chamber method, the intensity distribution and quality of forward transmitted secondary X-rays from filters of aluminium, copper, tin, and lead have been measured under standard operating conditions. Geometrical arrangements of X-ray tube, defining apertures, filter, and receiver commonly used in medical and industrial radiology are employed. Suggestions for minimizing the intensity of the secondary radiation reaching the receiver from single-metal filters are submitted.

Improving the soft X-ray reflectivity of Cr/Ti multilayers by co-deposition of B4C

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1614-1617
Author(s):  
Jingtao Zhu ◽  
Jiayi Zhang ◽  
Haochuan Li ◽  
Yuchun Tu ◽  
Jinwen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Normal Incidence ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Interface Quality ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Water Window ◽  
Section Electron ◽  
Biology Research ◽  
Section Electron Microscopy

The `water window', covering 2.4–4.4 nm, is an important wavelength range particularly essential to biology research. Cr/Ti multilayers are one of the promising reflecting elements in this region because the near-normal-incidence reflectivity is theoretically as high as 64% at 2.73 nm. However, due to multilayer imperfections, the reported reflectivity is lower than 3% for near-normal incidence. Here, B and C were intentionally incorporated into ultra-thin Cr/Ti soft X-ray multilayers by co-deposition of B4C at the interfaces. The effect on the multilayer structure and composition has been investigated using X-ray reflectometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and cross-section electron microscopy. It is shown that B and C are mainly bonded to Ti sites, forming a nonstoichiometric TiB x C y composition, which hinders the interface diffusion, supresses the crystallization of the Cr/Ti multilayer and dramatically improves the interface quality of Cr/TiB x C y multilayers. As a result, the near-normal-incidence reflectivity of soft X-rays increases from 4.48% to 15.75% at a wavelength of 2.73 nm.

The Effects of X-Ray Irradiation on Safety and Nutritional Value of Food: A Systematic Review Article

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 919-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakiyeh B. Zehi ◽  
Asma Afshari ◽  
Seyyed M.A. Noori ◽  
Behrooz Jannat ◽  
Mohammad Hashemi
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Iceberg Lettuce ◽  
Spoilage Bacteria ◽  
Effective Technology ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Fresh Products

X-ray is a non-thermal technology that has shown good efficacy in reducing pathogenic and spoilage bacteria, viruses and parasites. X-ray hygiene technology resulted in a high microbial loss in numerous food products, such as dairy products, ready-to-eat shrimp, oysters, fresh products, strawberries, shredded iceberg lettuce, and spinach leaves. Some X-ray studies on food safety have shown that X-ray is an effective technology and is also an appropriate alternative to the electron beam and gamma rays, and can be used in the food industry without side effects on human health. Besides, we reviewed the X-ray effect on the nutritional value of food. Therefore in this study, we aimed to review the available pros and cons of current studies regarding X-rays’ effects on the food industry.

Typical errors when performing intraoral periapical x-rays, and their effect on image quality

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
A.P. Arzhantsev
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Periapical Radiography

During the study, intraoral periapical images were analyzed in 300 patients. The possibilities of using the methods of radiography and their influence on the quality of the obtained x-ray images were studied. The intraoral periapical radiography was compared with the results of orthopantomography and cone beam computed tomography. To identify the features of the mapping of zones of periapical destruction, 47 experimental x-ray studies were performed on skeletonized jaws with artificial defects in cortical plates. Often encountered errors are: an arbitrary choice of angles of inclination and the centration of the x-ray tube, the wrong location of the x-ray receiver in the patient's mouth, inaccurate installation or poor fixation of the patient's head, inefficient selection of physical and technical conditions of shooting, non-compliance with the conditions of the photo process with analog radiography or post-processing and printing digital image. The characteristic projection distortions of images resulting from these errors are analyzed and illustrated.

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