scholarly journals Characteristics of multi strike surface strength of stones, concrete and bricks used for historical structures since Meiji era in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
T. Shogaki ◽  
◽  
Y. Inaba ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social System ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Surface Strength ◽  
Rebound Hammer ◽  
Historical Structures ◽  
The Social ◽  
Meiji Era ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Historical Sites

Historical structures are part of the heritage humankind hands down to posterity. As records, they not only describe past construction technologies, but they also carry information about the social system and culture of their time. Many historical civil engineering structures constructed during and after the Edo era still remain in Japan. Some of these structures, such as the Yokosuka dry docks, played an important role in the fate of the nation (Shogaki, 2014). However, such sites have not been the subject of systematic geotechnical research or publicity. The strength of construction materials at historical sites built since the Meiji era was investigated using the rebound hammer test (JGS 2013) and evaluated with regard to construction age, facility use, and material. The tested materials were rocks (andesite, granite, and sandstone) at 10 sites, concrete at 6, and brick at 3.

scholarly journals Economisation of social policy

2020 ◽  
pp. 489-492
Author(s):  
Jakub Stelina
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Social System ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject

The subject of this study is the so-called economisation of social policy understood, however, not as rationalisationof activities of state agencies in support of specific social objectives, but as perception of social problemssolely from an accounting perspective, that of a profit and loss account. While such a view may sometimes be justifiedconsidering the situation of public finance, it can, nevertheless, lead towards weakening of the state’s protectivefunction, and thus towards destabilisation of the social system. For that very reason it is necessary to find a “goldenmean” whereby the two values, conflicting with each other at least to a certain degree, could be reconciled. Presentedbelow are two representative examples of the phenomenon, as inherent in the practice of Poland’s social policyof recent years.

scholarly journals Informational Space and Its Subjective Basis

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
Marat Buzskiy
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social System ◽  
Special Property ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Information Space ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Main Function ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject

The article discusses the problem of determining the information space of modern society. Considering modern interpretations of this space, the author notes the widespread approach of describing the properties of this space from the information itself contesting the relationship between the past and the present, their interaction in modern society. Trying to solve the problem we consider the constant function of the social system, i.e. the formation of its specific historical integrity in the form of the universality of the subject - a special property of the system itself expressing the achieved level of social relations of society, forming goals, defining guidelines and patterns of behavior, as well as features of consciousness and ideas of people of this society. The article deals with the peculiarities of four historical forms of universality of the subject – myth, religion, activity and information, their interaction with the social system and personality (social subjects). From this point of view the author believes that the modern information space does not reveal its real subjective potential and should be considered as a formation, since the social system itself and its subject are historically only at the beginning of its existence. The conceptual basis of the article lies in the identification of a special objective regularity – the dialectical interaction of the social system and its subject form generated by the system – a historically reproducing permanent mechanism, which, however, changes its content along with the development of society. The main function of the universality of the subject is to present or express the most common systemic quality as a kind of objective goal of society and at the same time to determine the main direction and nature of socio-spiritual and practical interactions of people in a particular historical era. Thus this subject acts as a special intermediary between specific individuals and the social system. It expresses some general quality of system structures or orders arising in different epochs objectively arising in society. Therefore, the information society and its space are not autonomous in relation to the past, but express the modern stage of this process – the formation of objective conditions of the system stability on the basis of accelerating dynamics of information processes and interactions. And the basis of these conditions, their concentrated manifestation is the universality of the subject in its information "objectification".

Polygamy in Mεnde Country

Africa ◽  
1937 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Crosby
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Social System ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphPolygamy is a social system, and is intimately bound up with the subject of property, of labour, and of the difference in status between men and women. If this paper appears to trespass into other fields it is because of the complexity of the subject and because polygamy is not something that can be abstracted from the social organization generally and be examined by itself; it is both symptom and cause of widespread difference in Mende society from that of our own.

The Significance of Cattle Exchanges in Lovedu Social Structure

Africa ◽  
1939 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Krige
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Social System ◽  
Focus Attention ◽  
Real Place ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Social Arrangements ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Good Behaviour ◽  
Better Than

Opening ParagraphThe Louedu of the NE. Transvaal are patrilineal and marriage, which is patrilocal, involves (as it does among other S. Bantu tribes) the transfer of munywalo. This,institution has been variously interpreted as the legalization of the marriage, as a guarantee of a wife's status or good behaviour, and in terms of compensation, economic or ritual. But these interpretations are rather like parodies in which the emphasis on the features mentioned is not so much wrong as a caricature. We have, often complacently, projected our own values and motivations as universally valid. Much might be said in favour of such a caricature, if it is infused with the life of a character in Dickens, especially when the purpose has been to ennoble an institution which many regard as degrading. The kindly cartoon is better than the derogatory stereotype. It would, however, be better still if we could accommodate ourselves to a system in which the social arrangements are incommensurable with our own. More specifically, and that is the purpose of this article, we might try to discover the real place of munywalo in the social system. The manner in which we phrase the subject, that is, as the relation of the cattle exchanges to the social structure, is not meant to disguise our approach. It is intended to focus attention on the facts that cattle constitute the essence of munywalo, and that the exchanges of cattle involved are both the basis of important social arrangements and by far the most important use to which cattle are put in the society.

scholarly journals Unproductive expenditure and spectacular merchandise

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 243-254
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Susca
Keyword(s):  
Social System ◽  
Political System ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Moment

In order to fully grasp the spirit of our times, we need to analyse fully the contemporary relationship between spectacle and consumption: spectacular consumption and the spectacle of consumption. The chain of sign merchandise (Baudrillard, 1968) is simultaneously a mean and a vehicle of adherence to the productive and political system. It takes on extraordinary value from the moment it welcomes all that is non-rational in a rationalised society, as well as it embodies the anti-utilitarian aspect of a social system based solely on the logic of utilitarianism. In this sense, the cycle of spectacular consumption coincides with the consumption of bourgeois individuality, while the mass that has become public becomes the matrix in which the subject loses itself and cushions the weight of change in a way to express the impulses marginalized by the social system.

scholarly journals SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS OF THE IMAGE OF WOMEN IN OSMAN HAMDI’S PAINTINGS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (59) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Semiotic Analysis ◽  
The West ◽  
Historical Structures ◽  
Female Image ◽  
Female Figures ◽  
Art And Culture ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Historical Sites

Painter Osman Hamdi Bey, who lived in the last period of the Ottoman Empire, is a successful painter, sculptor, archaeologist, art historian, educator and statesman. He has taken the early modernization steps of Turkish painting. His contributions to Turkish art and culture cannot be denied. He was the first painter to do figüre and portrait works in his period. Osman Hamdi Bey tried to explain the East in the most accurate way with his Orientalist-style paintings on the subject of important historical structures in Turkey and tried to break the prejudices of the West over the East. In his Works, he included in particular the splendor of the East. Because he uses sections of historical sites one-on-one in some of his Works, these Works are document. In some of his Works, he also provides information about Turkish culture and life through fiction. The artist often included masques, shrines and mansions in his paintings. In his figüre studies, he glorified women in everyday and social life by using women. He tried to emphasize the place of women in society. In his female figures, he portrayed the woman as cultural, social and well- groomed, reading rather than being meta. He used his wife and daughter as models in the female figures he used. In this study, four paintings of Osman Hamdi Bey’s women- themed Works were examined through semiotic analysis and an attempt was made to determine the unity of language, suject and style used in the paintings. Keywords: Semiotics, Osman Hamdi Bey, art of painting, female image, Orientalism

scholarly journals Transition, worker protests and blockades of public spaces in Serbia

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 1152-1182
Author(s):  
Nada Novaković
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Social System ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Local Factors ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
Global Economic Crisis ◽  
The Subject

The subject of this paper has been workers' protests and blockades of public spaces in Serbia over the last 20 years. Their most important causes and reasons, organization and efficiency are sociologically analyzed, described and explained. They were happening in "waves". The first started with the acceleration of privatization (2004 and 2005), the second with its deepening (2009 and 2010), and the third coincided with the end of privatization and the intensification of the global economic crisis (2014-2019). The main hypothesis is that workers' protests and blockades are systematically determined. The most important is the nature of the social system, i.e. the applied concept of transition and privatization. Individual and local factors (causes) are less significant. Workers' protests and blockades are less effective at the end than at the beginning of accelerated transition and privatization.

scholarly journals LOKALITAS SASAK DALAM NOVEL GURU DANE DAN GURU ONYEH KARYA SALMAN FARIS

Diksi ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalu Nasrulloh
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Social System ◽  
Belief System ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Dominant Effect ◽  
Data Presentation ◽  
Technology System ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan (1) wujud lokalitas Sasak dalam novel Guru Dane dan Guru Onyeh karya Salman Faris, dan (2) fungsi lokalitas Sasak dalam membangun cerita secara keseluruhan pada novel Guru Dane dan Guru Onyeh karya Salman Faris. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini novel Guru Dane dan Guru Onyeh karya Salman Faris dan teori yang digunakan adalah  teori sosiologi sastra. Keabsahan data diperoleh dengan uji triangulasi teori. Data dianalisis dengan teknik deskriptif kualitatif, yakni mendeskripsikan, kategorisasi, inferensi, dan penyajian data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan hal-hal sebagai berikut. Pertama, wujud lokalitas Sasak dalam novel Guru Dane dan Guru Onyeh tercermin pada beberapa unsur, yaitu: (1) lokasi atau tempat, (2) sistem kemasyarakatan suku Sasak, (3) sistem kepercayaan (agama) dan mitos, (4) kesenian Sasak, (5) penggunaan bahasa Sasak, (6) sistem mata pencaharian hidup masyarakat suku Sasak, dan (7) sistem teknologi dan peralatan masyarakat suku Sasak. Kedua, fungsi lokalitas Sasak dalam membangun cerita secara keseluruhan, yang paling dominan mempengaruhi adalah latar tempat, penggunaan bahasa Sasak (diksi), serta yang terakhir adalah nama-nama tokoh yang mencerminkan ciri khas orang Sasak, seperti Amaq Tembiengbieng, Jero Mihram, Temelak Mangan, dan Guru Dane.Kata Kunci: lokalitas, Sasak, sosiologi sastra SASAK LOCALITY IN NOVEL GURU DANE AND GURU ONYEH BY SALMAN FARIS ABSTRACT     This study was aimed to describe (1) the form of Sasak locality in novel Guru Dane dan Guru Onyeh by Salman Faris, and (2) the function of Sasak locality in the process of building context of the whole story in the novel Guru Dane dan Guru Onyeh by Salman Faris. The research is qualitative research. The subject of this research was novel Guru Dane dan Guru Onyeh by Salman Faris. The data of this research was focused on the problem of the form and the function of Sasak locality in the novel Guru Dane dan Guru Onyeh which used theory of sociology literature. The validity of the data is obtained by the theory of triangulation test. The data was analyzed by descriptive qualitative, which are description, categorization, inferention, and data presentation. The result of this research shows this fact. First, Sasak locality in the novel Guru Dane dan Guru Onyeh is showed in the several elements, such as: (1) the location, (2) the social system of the Sasak, (3) the belief system (religion) and myth, (4) art of the Sasak, (5) the use of Sasak language, (6) the livelihoods live system of the Sasak, and (7) the technology system and equipment of the Sasak. Second, function of Sasak locality which could build story as a whole, the most dominant effect is the setting, the use of Sasak language (diction), and the last is the name of figure such as Amaq Tembiengbieng, Jero Mihram, Temelak Mangan, and Guru Dane.Keywords: locality, Sasak, sociology literature 

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