scholarly journals TO STUDY THE PRESENCE OF NEUROLOGICAL SOFT SIGNS IN PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA AND BIPOLAR DISORDER AND COMPARE THE VARIOUS SUBSCALES.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Ashutosh Singh ◽  
Dr. Sudhir Kumar ◽  
Dr. Anil Kumar Sisodia
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Sensory Integration ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Tertiary Referral Center ◽  
Bipolar Group ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
And Control

Background: The study was conducted at the Mental Health & Hospital, Agra. It is a tertiary referral center and a postgraduate teaching hospital. The hospital has a wide catchments area which includes diagnosis of schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder. Result: It included AV integration, Stereognosis, Graphesthesia, Extinction and Right left confusion. On sensory integration subscale of NES schizophrenia group had the highest mean score (4.93±2.74) then were the bipolar group (1.50±1.98) and least score was of control group (0.20±0.66) i.e. on sensory integration subscale of NES bipolar group scores were intermediate between schizophrenia and control group. Results of one way ANOVA revealed significant group differences F (2, 87) =45.35, p< .01. Games-Howell post hoc comparisons revealed significant differences in Schizophrenia vs Bipolar group (p< .01), Schizophrenia Vs Control group (p< .01) as well as in Bipolar Vs Control group        (p< .01) i.e. on sensory integration subscale of NES schizophrenia patients scored significantly higher than bipolar and control group. Also bipolar group scored significantly higher than control group. Conclusion: On “Sensory Integration” subscale of NES, schizophrenia patients scored significantly higher than both the bipolar patients and controls. Bipolar patients scored significantly higher than controls. On “Motor Coordination” subscale of NES, schizophrenia patients scored significantly higher than both the bipolar patients and controls. But bipolar patients did not differed significantly from controls. Keywords: Neurology, Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder & Sign

scholarly journals TO STUDY THE PRESENCE OF NEUROLOGICAL SOFT SIGNS IN CONTROL POPULATION AND TO COMPARE FINDINGS WITH PATIENT POPULATIONS.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Ashutosh Singh ◽  
Dr. Sudhir Kumar ◽  
Dr. Anil Kumar Sisodia
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Neurological Soft Signs ◽  
Tertiary Referral Center ◽  
Bipolar Group ◽  
Schizophrenia Group ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
And Control

Background: The study was conducted at the Mental Health & Hospital, Agra. It is a tertiary referral center and a postgraduate teaching hospital. The hospital has a wide catchments area which includes diagnosis of schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder. Result: The total number of neurological soft signs present in a subject. Schizophrenia group had the highest number of NSS (mean±SD= 10.43±4.13) then were the bipolar group (mean±SD= 5.63±3.46) and least number of NSS were in control group (mean±SD=1.03±1.73) i.e. bipolar group was intermediate between schizophrenia and control group in terms of total number of positive NSS. Results of one way ANOVA revealed significant group differences F (2, 87) =62.05, p<.01. Games-Howell post hoc comparisons revealed significant differences in Schizophrenia vs Bipolar group (p< .01), Schizophrenia Vs Control group (p< .01) as well as in Bipolar Vs Control group (p< .01) i.e. schizophrenia group had significantly higher number of positive NSS than bipolar and control group. Also bipolar group had significantly higher number of positive NSS than control group. Conclusion: On various subscales of Neurological Evaluation Scale, schizophrenia patients differed from bipolar patients on all the subscale but not on the sequencing of complex motor acts subscale. Neurological Soft Signs are present even during the symptom free period and therefore they are not due to the effects of active illness. Hence, these Neurological Soft Signs in our study may represent a trait like abnormality in both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Keywords: Neurology, Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder & Sign

Adjunctive Treatment with Gabapentin in Bipolar Patients during Acute Mania

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Nazeri Astaneh ◽  
Omid Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Acute Mania ◽  
Adjunctive Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Final Score ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
And Control

Objective: In this clinical trial, we studied the effects of adjunctive treatment with gabapentin in controlling the symptoms of acute mania in patients admitted with bipolar disorder. Method: Sixty patients with bipolar disorder (30 men and 30 women) admitted in the acute phase of mania were categorized as case and control groups, each holding 30 patients. Both groups were treated with lithium for 6 weeks and the case group received an adjunctive treatment with 900 mg gabapentin simultaneously. All patients were evaluated at the beginning and the end of the trial using Young's Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), and two groups were compared for improvement in acute symptoms. Findings: The final score of YMRS was significantly improved in the case group compared to the control group ( p = 0.00). The improvement of YMRS score was not significantly different between men and women and between different age groups. Conclusion: Adjunctive treatment with gabapentin is effective for controlling symptoms of acute mania.

scholarly journals Use of Dermatoglyphic Parameters as Possible Markers in Bipolar Affective Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 385-393
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar Pal ◽  
Sagarika Ray ◽  
Jishnu Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Ridge Count ◽  
Primordial Prevention ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Background: Bipolar affective disorder is an episodic illness characterized by fluctuating mood states. Association of dermatoglyphic traits with bipolar affective disorder has been observed in various studies. This study was undertaken to evaluate epidermal ridge patterns in bipolar patients as compared to healthy controls attending a super speciality district hospital in West Bengal. Context and purpose of study: Establishing dermatoglyphic parameters as biomarkers for early diagnosis and consequently, prompt intervention in bipolar affective disorder will ensure a greater scope of recovery, and thus promote a better quality of life for the individual as well as lower the burden of disease for the society. Methods: Quantitative dermatoglyphic parameters namely, Total Finger Ridge Count (TFRC), Total A-B Ridge Count (TABRC), and ATD Angle of 100 bipolar patients were compared to 100 age and gender matched healthy controls. Results: Statistically significant differences were found on comparing the dermatoglyphic parameters between cases and controls. TFRC was found to be decreased while ATD angle was increased in bipolar cases, as compared to the control group. However, no significant change was observed in TABRC between the two groups. Conclusions: This study found a significant association between dermatoglyphic pattern anomalies and the development of bipolarity. This may offer a scope of primordial prevention of bipolar disorder in future. Key words: Dermatoglyphics, ridge pattern, bipolar disorder, Total Finger Ridge Count (TFRC), Total A-B Ridge Count (TABRC), ATD angle.

scholarly journals Corpus callosum changes in euthymic bipolar affective disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 204 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian J. Lloyd ◽  
Heba E. Ali ◽  
David Nesbitt ◽  
P. Brian Moore ◽  
Allan H. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Bipolar Group ◽  
Intensity Changes ◽  
Glial Function

BackgroundChanges in corpus callosum area and thickness have been reported in bipolar disorder. Imaging and limited neuropathological data suggest possible abnormalities in myelination and/or glial function.AimsTo compare corpus callosum area, thickness and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T1 signal intensity in patients with bipolar disorder and healthy controls.MethodA total of 48 patients with euthymic bipolar disorder and 46 healthy controls underwent MRI analysis of callosal midsagittal area, callosal thickness and T1 signal intensity.ResultsThe bipolar group had smaller overall and subregional callosal areas and correspondingly reduced callosal width than the control group. Age correlated negatively with callosal area in the control group but not in the bipolar group. Signal intensity was higher in women than in men in both groups. Signal intensity was reduced in women, but not in men, in the bipolar group.ConclusionsObserved differences probably relate to diagnosis rather than mood state and bipolar disorder appears to result in morphometric change that overrides changes seen in normal ageing. Intensity changes are consistent with possible altered myelination or glial function. A gender-dependent factor appears to operate and to interact with diagnosis.

scholarly journals Greater Power but Not Strength Gains Using Flywheel Versus Equivolumed Traditional Strength Training in Junior Basketball Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1181
Author(s):  
Marko D. M. Stojanović ◽  
Mladen Mikić ◽  
Patrik Drid ◽  
Julio Calleja-González ◽  
Nebojša Maksimović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Training Group ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Sprint Time ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
And Control

The main aim of the present study was to compare the effects of flywheel strength training and traditional strength training on fitness attributes. Thirty-six well trained junior basketball players (n = 36; 17.58 ± 0.50 years) were recruited and randomly allocated into: Flywheel group (FST; n = 12), traditional strength training group (TST; n = 12) and control group (CON; n = 12). All groups attended 5 basketball practices and one official match a week during the study period. Experimental groups additionally participated in the eight-week, 1–2 d/w equivolume intervention conducted using a flywheel device (inertia = 0.075 kg·m−2) for FST or free weights (80%1 RM) for TST. Pre-to post changes in lower limb isometric strength (ISOMET), 5 and 20 m sprint time (SPR5m and SPR20m), countermovement jump height (CMJ) and change of direction ability (t-test) were assessed with analyses of variance (3 × 2 ANOVA). Significant group-by-time interaction was found for ISOMET (F = 6.40; p = 0.000), CMJ (F = 7.45; p = 0.001), SPR5m (F = 7.45; p = 0.010) and T test (F = 10.46; p = 0.000). The results showed a significantly higher improvement in CMJ (p = 0.006; 11.7% vs. 6.8%), SPR5m (p = 0.001; 10.3% vs. 5.9%) and t-test (p = 0.045; 2.4% vs. 1.5%) for FST compared to the TST group. Simultaneously, th FST group had higher improvement in ISOMET (p = 0.014; 18.7% vs. 2.9%), CMJ (p = 0.000; 11.7% vs. 0.3%), SPR5m (p = 0.000; 10.3% vs. 3.4%) and t-test (p = 0.000; 2.4% vs. 0.6%) compared to the CON group. Players from the TST group showed better results in CMJ (p = 0.006; 6.8% vs. 0.3%) and t-test (p = 0.018; 1.5% vs. 0.6%) compared to players from the CON group. No significant group-by-time interaction was found for sprint 20 m (F = 2.52; p = 0.088). Eight weeks of flywheel training (1–2 sessions per week) performed at maximum concentric intensity induces superior improvements in CMJ, 5 m sprint time and change of direction ability than equivolumed traditional weight training in well trained junior basketball players. Accordingly, coaches and trainers could be advised to use flywheel training for developing power related performance attributes in young basketball players.

scholarly journals Response Processes to Looming Appetitive and Aversive Cues in Euthymic Bipolar Patients and Their First-Degree Relatives: An Exploratory Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 025371762097528
Author(s):  
Velprashanth Venkatesan ◽  
Christoday R J Khess ◽  
Umesh Shreekantiah ◽  
Nishant Goyal ◽  
K. K. Kshitiz
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Sensitivity To Reward ◽  
Bipolar Group ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Vulnerability Model ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Appetitive Cues ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Background: Patients with bipolar disorder demonstrate increased sensitivity to appetitive/rewarding stimuli even during euthymia. On presentation of arousing pictures, they show a peculiar response, suggesting heightened vigilance. While responding to looming arousing cues, studies show subjects with anxiety spectrum disorders exhibit increased reaction time (RT), explained by the “looming-vulnerability model.” This study aimed to investigate the responses to looming arousing cues in euthymic bipolar patients and their first-degree relatives, as compared to healthy controls. Method: A looming appetitive and aversive cue paradigm was designed for assessing the RT of patients to process appetitive and aversive cues. The behavioral inhibition/activation and sensitivity to reward/punishment amongst the groups were also assessed. Results: The bipolar group showed significantly longer RT to process appetitive cues irrespective of the looming condition. Aversive cues elicited significantly longer RT in both the bipolar group and in first-degree relatives, but only when presented with the looming condition. Significant looming bias was elicited in the bipolar group which suggested a particular cognitive style to looming cues. A composite measure of RT along with sensitivity to reward/punishment distinguishes the bipolar group and their first-degree relatives from the healthy controls. Conclusion: The looming vulnerability model may provide important insights for future exploration of cognitive endophenotypes in bipolar disorder.

scholarly journals The Effect of a Food Addiction Explanation Model for Weight Control and Obesity on Weight Stigma

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry S. O’Brien ◽  
Rebecca M. Puhl ◽  
Janet D. Latner ◽  
Dermot Lynott ◽  
Jessica D. Reid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Control ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Weight Stigma ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Significant Group Difference ◽  
Diet And Exercise ◽  
And Control

There is increasing scientific and public support for the notion that some foods may be addictive, and that poor weight control and obesity may, for some people, stem from having a food addiction. However, it remains unclear how a food addiction model (FAM) explanation for obesity and weight control will affect weight stigma. In two experiments (N = 530 and N = 690), we tested the effect of a food addiction explanation for obesity and weight control on weight stigma. In Experiment 1, participants who received a FAM explanation for weight control and obesity reported lower weight stigma scores (e.g., less dislike of ‘fat people’, and lower personal willpower blame) than those receiving an explanation emphasizing diet and exercise (F(4,525) = 7.675, p = 0.006; and F(4,525) = 5.393, p = 0.021, respectively). In Experiment 2, there was a significant group difference for the dislike of ‘fat people’ stigma measure (F(5,684) = 5.157, p = 0.006), but not for personal willpower weight stigma (F(5,684) = 0.217, p = 0.81). Participants receiving the diet and exercise explanation had greater dislike of ‘fat people’ than those in the FAM explanation and control group (p values < 0.05), with no difference between the FAM and control groups (p > 0.05). The FAM explanation for weight control and obesity did not increase weight stigma and resulted in lower stigma than the diet and exercise explanation that attributes obesity to personal control. The results highlight the importance of health messaging about the causes of obesity and the need for communications that do not exacerbate weight stigma.

scholarly journals Auditory–Visual Speech Integration in Bipolar Disorder: A Preliminary Study

Languages ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arzu Yordamlı ◽  
Doğu Erdener
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mcgurk Effect ◽  
Visual Speech ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Speech Stimuli ◽  
Visual Speech Information ◽  
Speech Information ◽  
And Control

This study aimed to investigate how individuals with bipolar disorder integrate auditory and visual speech information compared to healthy individuals. Furthermore, we wanted to see whether there were any differences between manic and depressive episode bipolar disorder patients with respect to auditory and visual speech integration. It was hypothesized that the bipolar group’s auditory–visual speech integration would be weaker than that of the control group. Further, it was predicted that those in the manic phase of bipolar disorder would integrate visual speech information more robustly than their depressive phase counterparts. To examine these predictions, a McGurk effect paradigm with an identification task was used with typical auditory–visual (AV) speech stimuli. Additionally, auditory-only (AO) and visual-only (VO, lip-reading) speech perceptions were also tested. The dependent variable for the AV stimuli was the amount of visual speech influence. The dependent variables for AO and VO stimuli were accurate modality-based responses. Results showed that the disordered and control groups did not differ in AV speech integration and AO speech perception. However, there was a striking difference in favour of the healthy group with respect to the VO stimuli. The results suggest the need for further research whereby both behavioural and physiological data are collected simultaneously. This will help us understand the full dynamics of how auditory and visual speech information are integrated in people with bipolar disorder.

I Will Use Declarative Self-Talk . . . or Will I? Replication, Extension, and Meta-Analyses

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy L. Van Raalte ◽  
Allen E. Cornelius ◽  
Elizabeth M. Mullin ◽  
Britton W. Brewer ◽  
Erika D. Van Dyke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
The Self ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Self Talk ◽  
Outcome Differences ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
And Control

A series of studies was conducted by Senay et al. in 2010 to replicate and extend research indicating that self-posed questions have performance benefits. Studies 1–3 compared the effects of the self-posed interrogative question (“Will I?”) to declarative (“I will”) and control self-talk, and found no significant group differences in motivation, perceived exertion, or performance. In Studies 4–5, interrogative, declarative, and control self-talk primes were compared, and no outcome differences were found. In Study 6, the effects of self-talk on motivation, perceived exertion, and physical performance were assessed. The self-talk groups performed better and were more motivated than the control group, but declarative and interrogative groups did not differ from each other. Finally, meta-analyses of the six studies indicated no significant differences among conditions. These results highlight the value of replication and suggest that factors other than grammatical form of self-posed questions may drive the demonstrated relationships between self-talk and performance.

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