FORMULATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF FAST DISSOLVING TABLET OF METOCLOPRAMIDE: AN ANTI-EMETIC DRUG

Aim: The main of the study is to formulate and develop orally disintegrating fast dissolving tablet of Metoclopramide hydrochloride. Material & Methods: Before formulation and development of selected drug, the standard curve in buffer was prepared and absorbance at selected maxima was taken. Then two different disintegrating agents were selected and drug was mixed with disintegrating agents in different ratio. Various Preformulation parameters and evaluation of tablet i.e. disintegration time, dissolution time, friability, hardness, thickness were measured by standard procedure. Result & Discussion: The angle of repose for all the batches prepared. The values were found to be in the range of 30.46 to 36.45, which indicates good flow property for the powder blend according to the USP. The bulk density and tapped density for all the batches varied from 0.49 to 0.54 g/mL and 0.66 to 0.73, respectively. Carr’s index values were found to be in the range of 23.33 to 25.88, which is satisfactory for the powders as well as implies that the blends have good compressibility. Hausner ratio values obtained were in the range of 1.22 to 1.36, which shows a passable flow property for the powder blend based on the USP. The results for tablet thickness and height for all batches was found to range from 4.45 to 4.72 mm and 3.67 to 3.69 mm, respectively. Hardness or breaking force of tablets for all batches was found to range from 32.8 to 36.2 N. Tablet formulations must show good mechanical strength with sufficient hardness in order to handle shipping and transportation. Friability values for all the formulations were found to be in the range of 0.22 % to 0.30 %. Conclusion: Orally disintegrating tablets were compressed in order to have sufficient mechanical strength and integrity to withstand handling, shipping and transportation. The formulation was shown to have a rapid disintegration time that complied with the USP (less than one minute). The data obtained from the stability studies indicated that the orally disintegrating mini-tablets of MTH were stable under different environmental storage conditions. Keywords: Formulation & Development, Fast Dissolving Tablet, Metoclopramide, Anti-Emetic Drug, Oral Disintegrating Tablet

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DEVELOPMENT, FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MECLOFENAMATE FAST DISSOLVING TABLETS

Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.32553/jbpr.v10i1.838 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 59-67

Author(s):

Mahipal Shakkarwal ◽

Dr. Mukesh Sharma ◽

Dr. Ram Garg ◽

Shankar Lal Soni ◽

Gopal Kumar Paswan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Release ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

In Vitro Dissolution ◽

Dissolution Time ◽

Onset Of Action ◽

Disintegration Time ◽

Weight Variation ◽

Suitable Treatment ◽

The Stability

The demands for fast dissolving tablets have received ever increasing day by day during the last 10-15 years for the onset of action. In the present study, the effect of superdisintegrant was compared with synthetic super disintegrants and other conventional super disintegrants in the of fast dissolving tablet formulation of Meclofenamate. Meclofenamate is an antihypertensive drug and in case of hypertension immediate treatment is required so the proposed investigation is totally based to provide the suitable treatment for hypertension. In the present work 9 formulations of Fast dissolving tablets of Cilnidipine were prepared by using Synthesized Co-proceed was evaluated and compiles with the official standards, parameters and specifications. Various formulations were prepared using four different superdisintegrant namely- kyron T-304, sodium starch glycolate, cross carmelose sodium with three concentrations (2%, 4%, 6%) by direct compression method. The blend was evaluated for pre-compression parameters like Angle of repose , bulk density , tapped density , and then tablet evaluated post-compression parameters like thickness , drug content , hardness , weight variation , wetting time , friability , disintegration time , dissolution time, drug release study. Formulation A8 showed the lowest disintegration time and in-vitro dissolution studies recorded that formulation A8 showed 98.64% drug release at the end of 3 minutes. The best formulations were also found to be stable and optimized formulations were subjected to the stability studies as per ICH guideline and standards.

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Formulation, Development and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Tablet of Meclofenamate Sodium by Using Natural Superdisintegrant (Banana Powder)

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research ◽

10.47583/ijpsrr.2021.v69i02.032 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Dr. Dilip Agrawal ◽

Dr. Rakesh Goyal ◽

Dr. Mukesh Bansal ◽

Ashok Kumar Sharma ◽

Mohit Khandelwal

Keyword(s):

Drug Release ◽

Joint Stiffness ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

In Vitro Dissolution ◽

Dissolution Time ◽

Formulation Development ◽

Disintegration Time ◽

Weight Variation ◽

The Stability

The demands for fast dissolving tablets have received ever increasing day by day during the last decade. In the present projected study, the effect of natural Super disintegrants was compared with synthetic Super disintegrants and conventional Super disintegrants in the of fast dissolving tablet formulation of Meclofenamate Sodium. Meclofenamate sodium NSAID is used for the treatment of mild to moderate pain in various conditions like (e.g., dental pain, osteoarthritis) and to decrease pain and blood loss during menstrual periods. It is also used for other treatments like reducing pain, swelling, and joint stiffness caused with rheumatoid arthritis. In the present work 9 formulations of FDT (Fast dissolving tablet) of Meclofenamate Sodium were prepared by using Super disintegrants was evaluated and compiles with the official parameters and specifications. Various formulations were prepared using four different super disintegrants namely natural super disintegrant Banana Powder, sodium starch glycolate, crosscarmelose sodium with three concentrations (2%, 4%, 6%) by direct compression method. The blend was evaluated for pre-compression parameters like Angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, and then tablet evaluated with various post-compression parameters like thickness, drug content, hardness, weight variation, wetting time, friability, disintegration time, dissolution time, drug release study. Formulation F2 showed the lowest disintegration time and in-vitro dissolution studies recorded that formulation F2 showed 98.55% drug release at the end of 3 minutes. The best formulations among these were also found to be stable and optimized formulations were subjected to the stability studies as per ICH guideline.

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Compaction and Tableting Behavior of a Novel Co-Processed Excipient in the Formulation of Metoprolol Succinate Tablets

Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.4314/njpr.v16i2.4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 127-142

Author(s):

A. Okunlola ◽

T. A. Gbadamosi

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Strength ◽

Chemical Interaction ◽

Dissolution Time ◽

Flow Properties ◽

Disintegration Time ◽

Metoprolol Succinate ◽

Crushing Strength ◽

Acacia Gum ◽

Particle Level ◽

Compaction Properties

Background: Pregelatinized starches exhibit good swelling and flow properties, imparting fast disintegration time but low mechanical strength in tablets. On the other hand, acacia gum acts as a binder in tablets by imparting high mechanical strength but prolonged disintegration time. Development of a co-processed excipient involving combination of the two excipients at sub-particle level will improve the functionality of the final product.Objective: To develop a direct compressible co-processed excipient with pregelatinized cocoyam starch and acacia gum and to evaluate its compaction behavior and tableting properties in metoprolol succinate tablets.Material and Methods: Batches of the co-processed excipient were prepared by co-fusion using different ratios (97.5:2.5; 95:5; 92.5:7.5; 90:10; 85:15; 80:20) of pregelatinized cocoyam starch and acacia gum. Flow and compaction properties and Fourier transform Infrared (FT-IR) analysis were carried out on native and pregelatinized starches and on the co-processed excipients. Metoprolol succinate tablets were formulated by direct compression using selected batches of co-processed excipients, pregelatinized cocoyam starch and acacia gum and then evaluated for mechanical strength and drug release.Results: Pregelatinization produced starch with larger granules (138.75±59.21μm), improved swelling (2.03±0.00) and flow (flow rate 0.52±0.03g/s). The FTIR analysis of the co-processed excipients confirmed absence of chemical interaction. Flow properties, compressibility (Kawakita value, a = 0.190 – 0.223) and rate of packing (Consolidation rate, K = 0.1221 – 0.2551) of the co-processed excipients were enhanced. Metoprolol succinate tablets containing the co-processed excipients had higher mechanical strength (Crushing strength 106.03±15.80 MNm-2) than those containing starch alone but faster drug release (disintegration time 1.80 ±0.20 -5.75±0.25; dissolution time; t80 30-50 min) than those containing acacia gum. Cocoyam starch: acacia gum ratio 97.5:2.5 gave the optimum formulation with high crushing strength (106.03 ± 15.8MNm-2) and fast release (t80 = 30 min).Conclusion: Co-processed excipients of pregelatinized cocoyam starch and acacia gum could serve as suitable alternatives to other directly-compressible excipients for the formulation of tablets. Keywords: Acacia gum, Cocoyam starch, Compaction properties, Co-processing, Metoprolol

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Characterization and evaluation of the performance of starch and cellulose as excipients for direct compression technique

Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.4314/tjpr.v19i8.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (8) ◽

pp. 1569-1576

Author(s):

Hamad S. Alyami ◽

Samer S. Abu-Alrub ◽

Mater H. Mahnashi ◽

Mohammad H. Alyami ◽

Osaid T. Al Meanazel

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Strength ◽

Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

Direct Compression ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Compression Technique ◽

Disintegration Time ◽

Particle Size Analyzer ◽

Tablet Disintegration ◽

Good Flow

Purpose: To investigate the influence of two often-used excipients (starch and microcrystalline cellulose) on the physical properties of powder blends and tablets that contain mannitol as diluent.Methods: Powder and powder mixtures of three commonly used excipients (starch, mannitol and microcrystalline cellulose) were thoroughly examined using the angle of repose for flowability, particle size analyzer to determine the diameter of the particles, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphological assessment, and x-ray diffraction to determine crystalline/amorphous characteristics. Tablets were prepared by direct compression technique and were evaluated for mechanical strength and disintegration behavior as part of quality control test.Results: The results showed that increase in MCC concentration of the mixture leads to significantly enhanced flowability (p < 0.05) when compared to starch. The angle of repose for mannitol/MCC powder mixture with 70 % w/w MCC was approximately 29°, indicating good flow properties of thepowder mix. Moreover, starch tablets containing MCC exhibited better mechanical strength and longer disintegration time, while, at 1:1 ratio of MCC and mannitol, tablet disintegration was faster (33.0 ± 5.2s)Conclusion: MCC (at 30 %w/w in the blend) produces optimal flow of the powder blend and superior mechanical strength, Keywords: Tablet disintegration, Flowability, Starch, Hardness, Mechanical strength

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Formulation development and characterization of fast dissolving tablets of oxcarbazepine

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research ◽

10.30750/ijpbr.3.1.3 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (01) ◽

pp. 11-17

Author(s):

Krishnamurthy A. Kamalapurkar ◽

Mahesh P. Chitali ◽

Revansidh R. Pujari

Keyword(s):

Anticonvulsant Drug ◽

In Vitro Dissolution ◽

Dissolution Time ◽

Stability Studies ◽

Formulation Development ◽

Disintegration Time ◽

Hot Air ◽

Weight Variation ◽

The Stability

The objective of this study was formulation development and evaluation of Oxcarbazepine Fast Dissolving Tablets (FDTs) prepared by sublimation technique where different sublimating agents like camphor and menthol were used with L-HPC and crospovidone as a superdisintegrants. Oxcarbazepine is an anticonvulsant drug used in the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder. Each sublimating agent was used in concentration of 10-20 mg per tablet. Tablets were first prepared and then kept in hot air oven for sublimation. The prepared FDTs were evaluated for weight variation, thickness, drug content, friability, hardness, wetting time, water absorption ratio, in-vitro dispersion time, in-vitro disintegration time and in-vitro dissolution time. All formulations showed disintegration time ranging from 8 to 332sec. Optimized batch (SA6) was selected for the stability studies. The results of stability studies revealed that there was no remarkable difference in the tested parameters of promising formulation after storage for 3 months at 400 c ± 20 c 75% ± 5%RH and at room temperature 65% ± 5%RH as compared to initial results All the prepared formulae complied with Pharmacopoeia requirements of drug contents.

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Studies on properties of Novel natural disintegrant after processing of Spray dried and Freez dried technique

Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology ◽

10.52711/2231-5713.2021.00041 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 249-251

Author(s):

Khairnar Suhas Kishor ◽

Shadab Husain Ashfaque Husain ◽

Patil Pooja Ravsaheb ◽

Gangurde A.B ◽

Bairagi V.A

Keyword(s):

Spray Drying ◽

Freeze Drying ◽

Low Cost ◽

Flow Property ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

Porous Powder ◽

Onset Of Action ◽

Disintegration Time ◽

Tapped Density ◽

Highly Porous

Natural disintegrant are widely used in the development of mouth dissolving tablets and other formulation because of easily available, low cost and rapide onset of action in the mouth dissolving tablet and it enhance the bioavalaibility and disintegration properties as comparaed to synthetic polymer. But aftrer freeze drying and spray drying technique the properties of dsintegrant is increases because its improve the bulkiness and flow property of a powder such as bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, hausner raio, carrs index etc. by freeze drying the powder are dried and thereby increase the dissolution and disintegration time and highly porous powder is produced by spray drying technique.

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Formulation and Evaluation of Orodispersible Tablet of Fluvastatin Sodium

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics ◽

10.22270/jddt.v11i1.4498 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 42-47

Author(s):

Pooja Kanathe ◽

Ruchi Jain ◽

Nilesh Jain ◽

Surendra Kumar Jain

Keyword(s):

Diffusion Mechanism ◽

Research Work ◽

In Vitro Release ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

Dissolution Time ◽

Disintegration Time ◽

Orodispersible Tablets ◽

Orodispersible Tablet ◽

The Matrix

The purpose of this research work is to formulate and evaluate the Orodispersible tablet of Fluvastatin Sodium to enhance the bioavailability and effectiveness of the drug. The objectives of the drug work were to formulate and evaluate Orodispersible tablets of Fluvastatin Sodium, having adequate mechanical strength, rapid disintegration, and fast action. Precompression parameters like angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index & post-compression parameters like wetting time, water absorption ratio, in-vitro disintegration, and in-vitro dispersion time were studied. The hardness, friability, and drug content of all the formulations were found to be within the limits. The best formulation PK09 has shown good disintegration time, dissolution time, and dispersion time. The optimized formulation of batch PK9 gave the best in-vitro release of 99.60% in 3min in phosphate buffer pH 6.8. The release of the drug followed the matrix diffusion mechanism as compared to the commercial formulation. Formulation PK9 gives quick disintegration and better drug release. Hence it can be concluded that the formulation of PK9 is stable and effective for quick action and it is an alternative to the conventional tablets. Keywords: Orodispersible Tablets, Fluvastatin Sodium, Fast dissolving/disintegrating tablets, GIT, bioavailability, first-pass metabolism, superdisintegrants

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Investigation of Plantago ovata Husk as Pharmaceutical Excipient for Solid Dosage Form (Orodispersible Tablets)

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2021/5538075 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Sarmad Abbas ◽

Mehrin Sherazi ◽

Amjad Khan ◽

Hamad S. Alyami ◽

Muhammad Latif ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Strength ◽

Plantago Ovata ◽

Test Procedures ◽

Disintegration Time ◽

Crushing Strength ◽

Pharmaceutical Excipient ◽

Powder Blend ◽

Orodispersible Tablets ◽

Weight Variation

The objective of the study was to investigate the suitability of the Plantago ovata (PO) husk as a pharmaceutical excipient. Various phytoconstituents of the husk were determined according to the standard test procedures. The Plantago ovata husk was evaluated for various pharmaceutical parameters related to flow, swelling index, and compressibility index. Orodispersible tablets (ODTs) were prepared, containing different concentrations (2.5, 3, 5, 7.5, 10, and 15% w / w ) of the Plantago ovata husk. Before compression, all the formulations were evaluated for their flow. Compressed ODTs were evaluated for physical characteristics (physical appearance, weight and weight variation, thickness, and moisture content), mechanical strength (crushing strength, specific crushing strength, tensile strength, and friability), disintegration behavior (disintegration time and oral disintegration time), drug content, and in vitro drug release. Phytochemical evaluation of the Plantago ovata husk confirmed the presence of various phytoconstituents like alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, and phenols. SEM photograph of the Plantago ovata husk showed that it has a fibrous structure, with a porous and rough surface. The Plantago ovata husk had a high swelling index (380%) which decreased by pulverization (310%). Precompression evaluation of the powder blend for all the formulations of ODTs showed good flow properties, indicating that the Plantago ovata husk improved the rheological characteristics of the powder blend. Compressed ODTs had good mechanical strength, and their friability was within the official limits (<1%). Best disintegration was observed with formulation F-6 containing 10% w / w of the Plantago ovata husk. It is concluded that the Plantago ovata husk can be used as a disintegrant in the formulation of ODTs.

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The Effect of Superdisintegrants on the Dissolution of Promethazine. HCl Fast Dissolving Tablets

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology ◽

10.37285/ijpsn.2010.3.1.10 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 867-871

Author(s):

Ganesh kumar Gudas ◽

Manasa B ◽

Senthil Kumaran K ◽

Rajesham V V ◽

Kiran Kumar S ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dissolution Rate ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

Content Uniformity ◽

Disintegration Time ◽

Enhanced Dissolution ◽

Weight Variation ◽

Compressibility Index ◽

Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone ◽

Trigger Zone ◽

Standard Limit

Promethazine.HCl is a potent anti-emetic. The central antimuscarinic actions of antihistamines are probably responsible for their anti-emetic effects. Promethazine is also believed to inhibit the medullary chemoreceptor trigger zone, and antagonize apomorphine -induced vomiting. Fast dissolving tablets of Promethazine.HCl were prepared using five superdisintegrants viz; sodium starch glycolate, crospovidone, croscarmellose, L-HPC and pregelatinised starch. The precompression blend was tested for angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index and Hausner’s ratio. The tablets were evaluated for weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration time (1 min), dissolution rate, content uniformity, and were found to be within standard limit. It was concluded that the fast dissolving tablets with proper hardness, rapidly disintegrating with enhanced dissolution can be made using selected superdisintegrants. Among the different formulations of Promethazine.HCl was prepared and studied and the formulation S2 containing crospovidone, mannitol and microcrystalline cellulose combination was found to be the fast dissolving formulation. In the present study an attempt has been made to prepare fast dissolving tablets of Promethazine.HCl, by using different superdisintegrants with enhanced disintegration and dissolution rate.

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