scholarly journals IS THE FLOWER OF PULASAN (NEPHELIUM RAMBOUTAN-AKE) A PROTOGYNY OR PROTANDRY?

Floribunda ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Ratna Djuita ◽  
Alex Hartana ◽  
Tatik Chikmawati ◽  
Dorly Dorly
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Section ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Stamen Development ◽  
Pistil Development ◽  
Parenchymal Cells

Pulasan is an androdioecious plant that has both male and hermaphrodite flowers on separate plants. The objectives of this study were to obtain data about the anatomical structure of pulasan flower and to investigate whether the pistil and the stamens of pulasan flower reach maturity at different times. The anatomical observation was done on compound flowers taken from three male trees and three hermaphrodite trees. Two compound flowers that still in buds, about to bloom and fully bloom were picked from each tree.  Flowers were observed in a cross and longitudinal section. The results showed that the sepals of pulasan flower comprised of the uniseriate epidermis and multilayered polyhedral parenchymal cells. Stamen development started from the anther followed by the formation of the filament. The pollen of hermaphrodite pulasan flowers reached maturation earlier than the pistil. The pistil development started from the expansion of meristem cells in the center of the flower and ends with the warp of the stigma.  

The seed morphology and anatomy of the allium anisopodium on the seed genebank

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 69-71
Author(s):  
Binderya G ◽  
Tumenjargal D
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Longitudinal Section ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Seed Type ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Seed Surface ◽  
Thousand Seed Weight

The paper presents the results of the study on seed morphology and anatomy of Allium anisopodium Ldb. The seed shape is elliptic, glossy-black in color. The seed surface is scaly and its hilum appears in white color. The seed size is 1.7-2.1 mm long, 1.2-1.4 wide, 0.5-2.1 mm in thick and one thousand seed weight is 1.9 g. The anatomical structure is endospermic one cotyledons seed type. The seed coat thin and cotyledon is emphasized apparently from longitudinal section. The embryo is curved, coiled and black colored embryonic roots are relatively thick. The endosperm is surrounded by seed coat moreover between the cotyledon and embryo.

scholarly journals Comparative metabolomics and transcriptomics of pistils, stamens and pistilloid stamens widen key knowledge of pistil and stamen development in wheat.

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
Yan Yu ◽  
Zheng Song Peng ◽  
Ji Peng Qu ◽  
Zhen Yong Chen ◽  
Shu Hong Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Acc Synthase ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ethylene Synthesis ◽  
Stamen Development ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Pistil Development

To examine the role of metabolites in wheat stamen and pistil development, metabolomic analyses of pistilloid stamens (PS), pistils (P), and stamens (S) from a novel wheat mutant homologous transformation sterility-1 (HTS-1) and controls from their sib-line CSTP were conducted using base gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Then, the metabolomic data were integrated with previously published transcriptomic data and analysed. In total, 141 annotated metabolites were determined from P, PS and S tissues by comparison with reference standards. A total of 90, 93 and 18 different metabolites were identified in S vs. PS, S vs. P and P vs. PS, respectively. Among the different metabolites, 80 may be associated with stamen and pistil growth. Using integration evaluations of both the previous transcriptome data and the 80 various metabolites, we found two perturbed pathways that significantly affect flower development in plants, namely, the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and cysteine and methionine metabolism. The ethylene synthesis pathway, one key branch of the cysteine and methionine metabolic pathways, could have a pivotal role in pistillody growth involving HTS-1. We found two key enzyme genes in the ethylene synthesis pathway (the SAM synthase gene and the ACC synthase gene) that have higher expression levels in stamens than in pistilloid stamens or pistils. We speculate, that the decrease in ethylene content during stamen development leads to pistillody traits in HTS-1. This study helps elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying stamen and pistil growth in wheat.

scholarly journals Effet Du Stress Salin Sur Le Comportement Biochimique Et Anatomique Chez Deux Variétés De Piment (Capsicum Annuum L.) À Mila /Algérie

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Karima Bouassaba ◽  
Saiida Chougui
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Parenchymal Cells

Soil salinity is a permanent threat to the survival of plants. The choice of a salt tolerant species could be a solution to this constraint. This paper focuses on the concept of adaptation and sensitivity during the vegetative phase of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) variety: Super marconi (Sp) and Marconi (M). Plants were stressed with different concentrations of NaCl ranging from 0, 25, 50 to 150 mM/l NaCl for 60 days. The results obtained showed that the application of stress results in a moderate decrease in plant size and the content of Chlorophyll a, b which declined during times of stress. An increase in proline content and soluble sugars was recorded in the leaves. It could be an indicator of salinity tolerance which explains the maintenance of a good water status among the studied plants. Regarding the ionic content (K+ and Na + ), salt stress caused a significant decrease in the content of K + , and a significant increase in Na+ content in both pepper varieties. Concerning anatomical structure of stems, the action of combined salts (50-150Mmol/L) causes a decrease in the size of the parenchymal cells, as well as the diameter of xylem vessels. It is concluded that the variety Super Marconi (Sp) is more tolerant to salinity compared to the variety Marconi (M). Hence, they have a significant role to play in agriculture, food, and economy.

High Voltage Electron Microscopy of Ion-Milled Dental Enamel

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 60-61
Author(s):  
L. D. Ackerman ◽  
S. H. Y. Wei
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Longitudinal Section ◽  
Ion Milling ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
High Voltage Electron

Mature human dental enamel has presented investigators with several difficulties in ultramicrotomy of specimens for electron microscopy due to its high degree of mineralization. This study explores the possibility of combining ion-milling and high voltage electron microscopy as a means of circumventing the problems of ultramicrotomy.A longitudinal section of an extracted human third molar was ground to a thickness of about 30 um and polarized light micrographs were taken. The specimen was attached to a single hole grid and thinned by argon-ion bombardment at 15° incidence while rotating at 15 rpm. The beam current in each of two guns was 50 μA with an accelerating voltage of 4 kV. A 20 nm carbon coating was evaporated onto the specimen to prevent an electron charge from building up during electron microscopy.

The Fine Structure of Replicating Simian Adenoviruses in LLC-MK2

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
Matias Pardo ◽  
Malcolm Slifkin ◽  
Leonard Merkow ◽  
Marie Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Cesium Chloride ◽  
Longitudinal Section ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Simian Adenovirus ◽  
Infectivity Titer

The simian adenoviruses SV20, SV30 and SA7 have been found to be oncogenic in the Syrian hamster. The growth characteristics and replicative cycle of these viruses in tissue culture therefore appeared appropriate to investigate. Cesium chloride purified simian adenovirus with an infectivity titer of 100 TCID50, was inoculated into monolayers of LLC-MK2 cells. Cells were fixed in osmium tetroxide and embedded for ultrastructural studies at 1, 3, 6, 9, 18, 24, 48, 72, 120 and 192 hours post-infection.At the first hour post-infection, virus particles were adsorbed to the plasmalemma and found within the peripheral cytoplasm of many LLC-MK2 cells (Fig. 1). Although the first detection of infectious virus occurred at 14 hours and infectivity titers did not reach a maximum until 30 hours, intranuclear virus particles were observed by 3 hours in typical adenovirus crystalline array (Fig. 2) by means of electron microscopy. These typical honeycomb arrayed virus particles at 3 hours provided evidence of significant replication in approximately 5 percent of tissue culture cells examined. Simultaneously, a classical nuclear inclusion manifested by peripheral condensation of nuclear chromatin was evident by light microscopy. As early at 6 to 9 hours, unusual intranuclear concentric membranes formed “tubes” which contained linear arranged virus particles (Fig. 3). In transverse or tangential sections, these “tubes” appeared cochlear-like in shape. In longitudinal section, these intranuclear tubular structures contained individual virus particles at various stages of maturation in a linear arranged order. This arrangement resembled “peas in a pod”.

Immunocytochemical detection of hepatic carbohydrate metabolic enzymes: Improved resolution with polyethylene glycol embedding and visio-bond semithin sections

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 792-793
Author(s):  
Kuixiong Gao ◽  
Randal E. Morris ◽  
Bruce F. Giffin ◽  
Robert R. Cardell
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Glycogen Phosphorylase ◽  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Metabolic Enzymes ◽  
Silver Stain ◽  
Accurate Localization ◽  
Immunocytochemical Detection ◽  
Semithin Sections ◽  
Parenchymal Cells

Several enzymes are involved in the regulation of anabolic and catabolic pathways of carbohydrate metabolism in liver parenchymal cells. The lobular distribution of glycogen synthase (GS), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glycogen phosphorylase (GP) was studied by immunocytochemistry using cryosections of normal fed and fasted rat liver. Since sections of tissue embedded in polyethylene glycol (PEG) show good morphological preservation and increased detectability for immunocytochemical localization of antigenic sites, and semithin sections of Visio-Bond (VB) embedded tissue provide higher resolution of cellular structure, we applied these techniques and immunogold-silver stain (IGSS) for a more accurate localization of hepatic carbohydrate metabolic enzymes.

Deletion of MyD88 in non-parenchymal cells, but not in parenchymal cells attenuates the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (01) ◽  
pp. E2-E89
Author(s):  
A Mohs ◽  
N Kuttkat ◽  
T Otto ◽  
R Sonntag ◽  
S Youssef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Parenchymal Cells

Autoradiography of Incorporated Leucine-H3 in the Enamel Matrix and Enamel Organ of the Upper Incisor of the Rat

1964 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 186-192
Author(s):  
Leonel Costacurta
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Tooth Germ ◽  
Longitudinal Section ◽  
Equal Length ◽  
Enamel Organ ◽  
Enamel Matrix ◽  
Distal Extremity ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Thin Band

SummaryDental germs of the upper incisors of six-days old rats were studied for the uptake of leucine-H3 by different layers of the enamel organ in correlation to the various stages of the development of enamel.The longitudinal section of the tooth germ was divided into 15 zones of about equal length in order to facilitate the description and interpretation of results. Autoradiographic images of the histologic preparations from rats sacrificed 30 minutes, 1 hour, 1 day and 3 days after the injection were made. The strongest reactions were observed in dental germs of rats sacrificed 1 hour, and particularly one day, after the leucine-H3 injection.The uptake of this compound by the enamel matrix increases progressively up to the young enamel and then decreases to the distal extremity; the greatest quantity of this labeled amino-acid was observed in the primary and young enamel. The reactions were present in the transitional enamel only along a thin band close to the dentine-enamel junction.In the enamel organ leucine-H3 incorporation was greatest in the three layers, the zones corresponding to primary and young enamel. In zones corresponding to transitional enamel, the inner epithelium showed a small quantity, and the stellate reticulum a blackening only in its superficial part, were the blood vessels reach the enamel organ.

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