scholarly journals Comparison of efficacy and safety of three drugs levetiracetam, sodium valproate, and nortriptyline in the prevention of migraine headache

2020 ◽  
pp. 336-343
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Valproate ◽  
Severe Headache ◽  
Migraine Treatment ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Migraine Headaches ◽  
Neurology Clinic ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Acute Attacks ◽  
Mild Headache

Background and Aim: Headache is the most common cause of referral to a physician. Two approaches of the migraine treatment include: treat the acute attacks and prevent future attacks. In this regard, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of three drugs lutiracetam, sodium valproate and nortriptyline in the control of migraine headaches in patients with migraine in Birjand Neurology Clinic. Materials and Methods: This study is a quasi-experimental study. According to the physician, 120 migraine patients were divided into one of three groups: Lutiracetam with a daily dose of 250 mg, sodium valproate 500 mg and nortriptyline 25 mg for 4 weeks. Patientschr('39') information was collected through a questionnaire. Then the data were analyzed by SPSS) Version 16) software by using chi-square, paired t-test, and ANOVA. Results: 120 patients were divided into three groups of 40 patients. The mean age of the subjects was 33±11 years, 53.3% of them were female and 46.7% of them were male. In total, 46.7% of patients had severe headache before taking these three drugs. None of them had severe headache after taking the drug and 77.5% of them had mild headache. Lutiracetam group showed the greatest decrease in headache intensity. (P=0.01). Conclusion: Levetiracetam appears to be more effective than the other two drugs, especially sodium valproate, in reducing different degrees of headache.

Non-Migraine Headache Across the Menstrual Cycle in Women With and Without Premenstrual Syndrome

Cephalalgia ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 356-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Keenan ◽  
LA Lindamer
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Migraine Headache ◽  
International Headache Society ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Severe Headache ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Migraine Headaches ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Mild Headache

Fluctuation of estrogen levels across the menstrual cycle influences migraine headache. In this study, 53 women documented prospectively the incidence and severity of headache daily for an average of three menstrual cycles. Seven of the women met the criteria established by the International Headache Society for migraine with or without aura, while the remaining 46 women failed to do so. Chi-square analysis revealed that, overall, the incidence of non-migraine headache was dependent on day of the cycle (χ2 [1,66] = 247.7, p < 0.001), with more headaches occurring during the perimenstrual phase. The 46 women without migraine were further classified according to NIMH criteria into PMS ( N= 26) and non-PMS groups (n = 26). An association between headache and menstrual cycle phase was noted for both groups ( p < 0.001), although the incidence of severe headache was greater for the PMS women, during both the perimenstrual and intermenstrual phases. Both groups experienced an increase in severe headaches during the perimenstrual phase. The PMS women peaked on the day prior to menstruation, while the non PMS women peaked on the first day of menstruation. There did not appear to be an overall difference in the reporting of mild headache across the cycle between women with or without PMS. These findings suggest that (a) severe headache which does not meet the criteria for migraine with or without aura also may be menstrually related in women with and without PMS and; (b) the as yet unidentified physiological mechanism predisposing some women to PMS may also render them susceptible to more frequent, severe, non-migraine headaches both during the perimenstrual phase and throughout the entire menstrual cycle.

scholarly journals Review of Academic Dishonesty among College Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Abolfazl Zolfaghari
Keyword(s):  
Academic Dishonesty ◽  
English Language ◽  
Academic Environment ◽  
Language Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Basic English ◽  
The Relationship

<p>Cheating and academic dishonesty is a moral anomaly in the field of scientific research and reflecting, i.e., academic environment and studies show that this phenomenon in many of the worlds is important problem.</p><p>This study measured the dishonesty of students in a quasi-experimental design. For this purpose, features lack of integrity by manipulating the facts were examined and meanwhile first, basic English language test coordination between the strict terms of the 280 students come to practice and after correction of examination papers by teachers, without leaving any traces on them instead, the plates are returned to students and provide them with answers to their paper to correct their score Master announced. The difference between the actual score (score of master) and score of the students to have their own, amount of honesty or lack of integrity appointed them and its relationship with some demographic and socio-ethical characteristics have been studied.</p><p>The results showed that more than 62 percent of the students in your grade to master completely honest with 26.6 percent have low honesty and the rest did not have the necessary integrity and the mean difference of scores announced by the professors and students have been about two score. Also results of chi-square tests and gamma, about the relationship between students’ evaluation of amount of sincerity with sincerity in the declared objective amount of the master score was not significant, this finding means that between demonstrators and people of integrity and honesty in practice, there are gaps.</p>

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF MUSIC PLAYBACK ON INTRAVENOUS CANNULATION PAIN AMONG CHILDREN

THE GENESIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ms. Reshma P. S* s ◽  
Mrs. Anju A r ◽  
Mrs. Evangeline j ◽  
Mrs. Sabitha r
Keyword(s):  
Pain Score ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nursing Theory ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Experimental Group

A quasi experimental study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of music playback on intravenous cannulation pain among children in a selected hospital. Objectives: to assess the mean posttest pain score among children in the experimental and control group, to find out the effectiveness of music playback on intravenous cannulation pain among children and to find out the association between posttest pain score and selected socio demo graphic variables of children in control group. Quasi experimental posttest only controls group design and convenience sampling technique was used to select 60 children in a selected hospital at Alappuzha district. Conceptual framework: Ernestine Wiedenbach’s Helping Art of Clinical Nursing Theory (1969). Posttest was conducted in the control and the experimental group by using FLACC Behavioral Pain Scale and Socio demographic proforma. Music playback was played to the experimental group for 10 minutes during intravenous cannulation. The data were tabulated and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The mean posttest pain score of children in the experimental group was 4.1 with SD 1.33 which was significantly lower than the mean posttest pain score of children in the control group which was 7.8 with SD 1.27 with a mean difference of 3.6. The calculated ‘t’ value 10.910 was greater than the table value 2.00, is significant at p<0.05 level with degree of freedom 58. Hence, we can conclude that the music playback was effective in reducing the pain level of children during intravenous cannulation. The analysis showed that the calculated chi square value for family monthly income, number of previous hospitalisations, previous exposure of cannulation were greater than that of the table value at p < 0.05 level of significance. Hence null hypothesis (H02) can be rejected and research hypothesis (H2) can be accepted. So, it can be concluded that there was significant association between posttest pain score an

scholarly journals Effects of Mindfulness on Stimulating Hope and Recovery among People with Schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-129
Author(s):  
Halimah Wenny Yulina Astuti ◽  
Murti Agustin ◽  
Sri Padma Sari ◽  
Diyan Yuli Wijayanti ◽  
Widodo Sarjana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Group ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Nursing Interventions ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Demographic Questionnaire ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Recovery Assessment

Background: Hope has an essential role in the recovery journey for people with schizophrenia. Current studies showed that people with schizophrenia reported having low hope. There is growing evidence that mindfulness has favorable effects on mental health in populations with chronic illness, including people with schizophrenia. However, the studies evaluating effects of mindfulness on hope and recovery for people with schizophrenia are limited.Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effects of mindfulness on hope and recovery among people with schizophrenia.Methods: This quasi-experimental study was carried out on 54 patients with schizophrenia based on purposive sampling in a psychiatric hospital in Indonesia. The respondents were divided into two groups with 27 patients each in the intervention and the control group. The intervention group received 2-session mindfulness, while the control group received standard care. The data were collected using the demographic questionnaire, the Schizophrenia Hope Scale (SHS-9), and Recovery Assessment Scale (RAS), and analyzed using the Chi-Square and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: After mindfulness therapy, the intervention group showed a higher mean score of hope than the control group (14.30±2.50 and 9.04±2.15, respectively) as well as in the mean of recovery (86.78±4.00 and 73.56±6.04, respectively). There were significant differences in hope and recovery levels between the two groups with p-value <0.001.Conclusion: This study showed that mindfulness is an effective strategy to stimulate hope and recovery among people with schizophrenia. Nurses can apply mindfulness as one of the nursing interventions for helping the recovery process among this population. 

scholarly journals Comparison of Levetiracetam and sodium Valproate in the prevention of migraine: a randomized clinical trial study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1460
Author(s):  
Vahid Abbasi ◽  
Abolfazl Atalu ◽  
Perham Seddighnia
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Sodium Valproate ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Migraine Headaches ◽  
Neurology Clinic ◽  
Prophylactic Use

Background: Sodium valproate is an anti-seizure drug used for prophylactic use of migraine headaches. Despite the efficacy of this drug due to complications that cause some patients to not tolerate the drug. The purpose of this study was to Comparison of levotiracetam and Sodium valproate in migraine prophylaxis.Methods: This is a clinical trials study. 100 migraineurs who referred to the Alavi neurology clinic and indicated the onset of prophylaxis of migraine were studied in two groups of 50, one of which was a group of levetiracetam and another group of sodium valproate Received. Patients received daily 500mg of drug for 3 months and the effect of the drug on the number of attacks, severity of attacks, and MIDAS score was measured. Collected data analyzed by statistical methods in SPSS version 19. P<0.05 was considered as significant.Results: In both cases, significant improvement was observed in the number of attacks, severity and MIDAS score. In all of the criteria, levetiracetam and sodium valproate were almost identical, except for reducing the number of headache attacks that had a significantly in levothyramine group less than sodium valporoste group (P = 0.0001).Conclusions: This study showed that levothyramineacetamin can be used as a good alternative in those who do not tolerate sodium valproate.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF USING FULL-ENGLISH AS LANGUAGE OF INSTRUCTION IN IMPROVING CHILDREN’S SPEAKING SKILL

JURNAL BASIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
NITA KANIADEWI ◽  
WIDI SRIYANTO
Keyword(s):  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Proximal Development ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Language Of Instruction ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Oral Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Speaking Skill ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Mean

This research was an attempt to prove the effectiveness of using full-English as a language of instruction in improving children’s English-speaking skill. Treatments were given in 6 meetings for each of the control and experimental class. Two types of lesson plans were arranged, one used full-English as the language of instruction for the experiment class and the other used mixed language (a combination of English and mother tongue) for the control class. An experiment with a quasi-experimental design and an oral test were used as the method and instrument. Based on the calculation of Chi-square and Fisher tests, it was found that the data of both classes were homogeneous and normally distributed. After fulfilling the requirements, the hypothesis was tested by using the T-test at 0.05 significance level. The findings discovered that t-computation was higher than t-table (+3.25 > +1.67). It indicated that the mean of the experiment class was significantly higher than the control class. The findings above led to a conclusion that the use of full-English as language of instruction was effective in improving children’s English-speaking skill. However, since the children were still beginners of English as a foreign language, then it was advisable to ensure that the English used by teachers be inside the children’s zone of proximal development. It was also recommended for teachers to use broken instead of standard English and to accompany their language input with gestures in order deliver meaning easier.    

scholarly journals PATENT MEDICINE VENDORS’ PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE FOR THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF COVID-19 INFECTION IN A NORTH-CENTRAL STATE IN NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-84
Author(s):  
OLAYINKA S. ILESANMI ◽  
AANUOLUWAPO A. AFOLABI ◽  
OLUWATOSIN E. FAKAYODE
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Outbreak Response ◽  
Central State ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Preventive Practices ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Patent Medicine

Objective: This report aimed to determine the immediate effect of the IPC training on the knowledge and role of patent medicine vendors (PMV) in the COVID-19 outbreak response in Nigeria. Methods: We conducted a quasi-experimental study before and after the IPC training among 1076 PMV in Ilorin, Kwara state, Nigeria. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 23. Eight questions were asked, for which each was assigned a score of “1”. Participants who had scored<50% were categorized as “Fail”, while those with scores ≥50% were categorized as “Pass” in both the pre and post-tests. The Chi-square test was used to test for the association between sociodemographic characteristics and performance of respondents in the pre-and post-IPC knowledge results, and paired t-test to test for significant differences between the pre and post-tests mean scores. The level of significance was set at p<0.05 for all statistical tests. Results: The mean age of the 1076 respondents was 37.06±10.96, 463(43%) passed the pre-test, while 617 (57.3%) passed the post-test. The mean pre-test IPC training score was 3.1310±1.5631, while the mean post-test IPC training score was 3.7351±1.6028 (t=-11.337, p=<0.001). In all, 617(57.3%) scored higher in posttest. Overall, 560 (92.41%) identified community sensitization and health education on COVID-19 preventive measures as roles of PMV. Conclusion: Regular trainings on COVID-19 preventive practices among PMV should be conducted. PMV should be empowered to sensitize and educate their clients on the prevention of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Reported Migraine Headaches in Canadian Adolescents

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.E. Gordon ◽  
J.M. Dooley ◽  
E.P. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Active Treatment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Migraine Treatment ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Prevalence Data ◽  
Migraine Headaches ◽  
Canadian Youth ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Survey Estimates

Objective:To examine self-reported prevalence data for migraine among adolescent Canadians and to explore how reported migraine treatment varies by age.Methods:We analyzed the microdata files of the Canadian National Population Health Survey (1996-1997). Respondents reported whether they had “migraine headaches diagnosed by a health professional”. They also reported whether they received “any treatment or medication for migraine headaches”, with treatments subdivided into drug, diet or “other”.Results:99.9% of 173,216 eligible respondents reported whether they had migraine headaches. Migraine was reported by 2.4% of Canadian youth aged 12-14 years and by 5.0% of 15-19 year-olds compared to 7.2% of adults aged 20 years of age (p< 0.0001, chi-square). Active treatment was used by 51.0% - higher by females (53.1%) than males (44.7%) (p<0.0001 chi-square). Treatment was used by 45.1% of 12-14 year-olds, by 45.7% of 15-19 year-olds and by 51.5% of those 20 years (p=0.0027). The nature of the active treatment choice (drug, diet or other) did not significantly vary within the age groups studied.Conclusion:We present robust estimates of self-report diagnosed migraine prevalence, derived from a large nationally representative population survey. Estimates of the prevalence of active treatment for migraine provide insight into the burden of migraine within this population.

Vestibular Migraine: Treatment and Prognosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (01) ◽  
pp. 083-086
Author(s):  
Michael von Brevern ◽  
Thomas Lempert
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Vestibular Migraine ◽  
Migraine Treatment ◽  
Relaxation Techniques ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Pharmacological Prophylaxis ◽  
Migraine Headaches ◽  
Antiemetic Drugs ◽  
Acute Attacks ◽  
Firm Scientific Basis

AbstractTreatment of vestibular migraine currently lacks a firm scientific basis, as high quality randomized controlled trials are not available. Therefore, recommendations are largely borrowed from the migraine sphere. The first therapeutic step is explanation and reassurance. Many patients do not need pharmacological treatment, as attacks may be infrequent and tolerable. Acute attacks can be ameliorated in some patients with antiemetic drugs such as diphenhydramine, meclizine, and metoclopramide. Frequent attacks may warrant pharmacological prophylaxis with metoprolol, amitriptyline, topiramate, valproic acid, or flunarizine. Nonpharmacological measures including regular exercise, relaxation techniques, stress management, and biofeedback may be similarly effective and can be combined with a pharmacological approach. Limited data indicate that the prognosis appears to be less favorable for vestibular migraine than for migraine headaches.

Prophylactic Effect of Memantine on Chronic Migraine Headache

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 5327-5331
Author(s):  
Davood Kashipazha ◽  
Sahereh Emadi
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Migraine ◽  
Migraine Headache ◽  
Migraine Treatment ◽  
Prophylactic Effect ◽  
Migraine Headaches ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Mean

Given the high prevalence of migraine treatment failure and resistance to existing drugs and side effects of drugs, finding alternative therapies for refractory patients or chronic migraine is essential. Fifty four patients with migraine headaches were stochastic classified to the 2 groups: placebo and memantine. In first one, memantine is managed at a dose of 20 mg in a day, that enhanced 4 weeks to this dose, and in second group placebo was given. The severity, duration, incapacity, and frequency of migraine headache attacks were recorded at the starting of the research, and the end of first, second, third and fourth months of the study. The mean of VAS score did not have a significant difference at the beginning of the study and at the end of the first month, however here was a significant decrease in the memantine group, during the end of second, third and fourth. After 4 months of behaving, MIDAS score were 22.44±10.62 in the memantine group, when in the placebo group, this was 14.47±1.79 (p <0.0001). The outcomes shows the role of memantine on the treatment and prevention of chronic migraine headaches. In addition, the migraine headaches incidence is mainly decreased in the memantine group in comparison to placebo at the end of the research.

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