scholarly journals Determination of Aflatoxin M1 in Pasteurized Liquid and Powdered Milk Products Imported to Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Mahmoodi Maymand ◽  
◽  
Mansooreh Mazaheri ◽  
Mahboobeh Talebi Mehrdar ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Powdered Milk ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Growth Development

Background: Mycotoxins are the secondary metabolites of molds and have adverse effects on humans, animals, and crops, resulting in illnesses and economic losses. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a hepatocarcinogen found in the milk from animals that have consumed feeds contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Milk is a highly nutritious food and is a source of necessary macro- and micro-nutrients for the growth, development and maintenance of human health. Methods: The presence of AFM1 was investigated in 70 samples of imported pasteurized and powdered milk products available to the Iranian consumers. The level of AFM1 was determined by HPLC method equipped with immunoaffinity cleanup. Results: The results showed that 32% of the analyzed samples were positive for AFM1 at 0.05-3.31 μg/kg. Also, 16% of analyzed samples were positive for AFM1at concentrations higher than the limit permitted by the Iranian standards. Conclusion: The detection of AFM1 contamination in the analyzed samples indicates the importance of the health of animal feeds. Thus, monitoring the imported feed materials, especially those arriving at Iranian borders is crucial in the prevention of AFM1 and AFB1 contaminations spreading across the domestic market.

Aflatoxin M in Perspective1

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEONARD STOLOFF
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Peanut Meal ◽  
The United States ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Commercial Milk

The steps are presented from the discovery of aflatoxin M1 in the milk of a cow fed “toxic” peanut meal to the determination of its relation to aflatoxin B1 and the relation of aflatoxin M1 to other animal metabolites of aflatoxin B1. Estimates from controlled studies are given of the level and amount of aflatoxin M1 to be expected in the milk of cows exposed to aflatoxin B1 in their feed, followed by numerous survey results that corroborate the conclusion from the experimental estimates: levels of aflatoxin B1 in uncontrolled dairy ration ingredients are sufficiently high to result in measurable aflatoxin M1 ( > 0.1 ng/ml) in commercial milk supplies. Because the Food and Drug Administration has been unable to prevent occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in milk in the United States by attempting to control the feed, an administrative guideline has been established at 0.5 ppb for aflatoxin M1 in fluid milk products; consideration is being given to related guidelines for products manufactured from milk.

Simultaneous Determination of Aflatoxin B1 and Aflatoxin M1 in Food Matrices by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 767-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxiao Jiang ◽  
Zhanhui Wang ◽  
Greta Nölke ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Lanlan Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Food Matrices

Rapid Thin Layer Chromatographic Determination of Aflatoxin M1 in Powdered Milk

1985 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 952-954
Author(s):  
Maria Luisa Serralheiro ◽  
Maria Lurdes Quinta
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Methanol Solution ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Powdered Milk ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Abstract A method has been developed for the detection of aflatoxin Mi in milk. The toxin is extracted with chloroform, the extract is evaporated, and the residue is partitioned between carbon tetrachloride and an aqueous saline-methanol solution. The toxin is once again extracted with chloroform from the methanol solution and analyzed by thin layer chromatography. The limit of detection of Mi in powdered milk is 0.5 μg/ kg; recoveries of added Mj are about 83%. The limit of detection can be improved to 0.3 μg/kg if the plate is sprayed with an aqueous solution of H2S04 after development.

Determination of trace aflatoxin M1 levels in milk and milk products consumed in Turkey by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sezgin Bakırdere ◽  
Tolga Yaroğlu ◽  
Nihan Tırık ◽  
Mehmet Demiröz ◽  
Abdullah Karaca
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Milk Products

scholarly journals Comparison of two Analytical Methods (ELISA and LC-MS/MS) for Determination of Aflatoxin B1 in Corn and Aflatoxin M1 in Milk

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 270-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srdjan Stefanovic ◽  
Danka Spiric ◽  
Radivoj Petronijevic ◽  
Jelena Nedeljkovic Trailovic ◽  
Dragan Milicevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Aflatoxin M1

scholarly journals The influence of haemolysis on the determination of vitamin E in cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-381
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Filípek ◽  
Romana Kadek ◽  
Josef Illek
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Repeated Sampling ◽  
Analytical Phase ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Vitamin E Supplementation

The study deals with the influence of haemolysis on the results of vitamin E determination in plasma (serum) in cattle. Although nowadays specific High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) techniques are used almost exclusively for the determination of vitamin E, this indicator is also influenced by haemolysis. This occurs in the pre-analytical phase due to the fact that iron contained in haemoglobin is able to catalyze peroxidation reactions. Subsequently, changes occur mainly in polyunsaturated fatty acids in the lipoprotein components of serum/plasma. The vitamin E present inhibits this process, as a result of which its concentration is reduced. The experiment was performed by preparing model samples with a defined degree of haemolysis by adding haemolysate to the centrifuged plasma in the range of ca 0–12 g/l, i.e. mild to severe haemolysis. After 4 h of incubation at room temperature, the vitamin E concentration was determined by the HPLC method. Haemolysis was found to reduce the test result; mild one (approximately up to 2 g/l) non-significantly, medium and severe haemolysis by up to tens of percent, which warrants repeated sampling. False reductions in results will not endanger the patient’s health, but economic losses may occur due to unnecessary check-ups and increased vitamin E supplementation.

scholarly journals AFLATOXIN M1 IN MILK AND ASSESSING THE POSSIBILITY OF ITS OCCURRENCE IN MILK PRODUCTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-49
Author(s):  
Sandra Jakšić ◽  
Milica Živkov Baloš ◽  
Jasna Prodanov Radulović ◽  
Igor Jajić ◽  
Saša Krstović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Economic Strategy ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Milk Processing ◽  
Milk Samples

Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a hepatocarcinogenic derivative of aflatoxin B1 excreted into the milk after ingestion of contaminated feed. The presenceof AFM1 in milk and milk products is of huge concern for human health. In this paper, the results on long term assessment of AFM1 in milk produced in Serbia are presented. In the period 2013 to 2016, 427 milk samples were examined for AFM1. In 34.4 % of samples, the content of AFM1was higher than 0.05 μg/kg. The article also offers a review of the fate of aflatoxin in milk products during the different operations in milk processing. The evaluation of the influence of processing on AFM1 stability can propose economic strategy for resolving cases of accidents due to AFM-1contamination of milk.

scholarly journals An Impedance Based Electrochemical Immunosensor for Aflatoxin B1 Monitoring in Pistachio Matrices

Chemosensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Michail D. Kaminiaris ◽  
Sophie Mavrikou ◽  
Maria Georgiadou ◽  
Georgia Paivana ◽  
Dimitrios I. Tsitsigiannis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Electrochemical Immunosensor ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Biomolecular Recognition ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
Ethylcarbodiimide Hydrochloride ◽  
Food And Feed

Aflatoxins are highly toxic fungal secondary metabolites that often contaminate food and feed commodities. An electrochemical immunosensor for the determination of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was fabricated by immobilizing monoclonal AFB1 antibodies onto a screen-printed gold electrode that was modified with carbo-methyldextran by N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysuccinimide cross-linking. An electrochemical interfacial modelling of biomolecular recognition was suggested and reasonably interpreted. Impedance technology was employed for the quantitative determination of AFB1. The limit of detection concentration of AFB1 for standard solutions and spiked pistachio samples was 0.5 ng/mL and 1 ng/mL, respectively. The immunosensor was able to successfully determine AFB1 concentrations in the range of 4.56–50.86 ng/mL in unknown pistachio samples. Comparative chromatographic analysis revealed that AFB1 concentrations that were higher than 345 ng/mL were not within the immunosensor’s upper limits of detection. Selectivity studies against Ochratoxin A and Aflatoxin M1 demonstrated that the proposed AFB1 immunosensor was able to differentiate between these other fungal mycotoxins. The novel electrochemical immunosensor approach has the potential for rapid sample screening in a portable, disposable format, thus contributing to the requirement for effective prevention and the control of aflatoxin B1 in pistachios.

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