Incidence and Level of Aflatoxin M1 in Liquid and Imported Powdered Milk in Jordan with Special Reference to Aflatoxin B1 in Corresponding Feeds

1991 ◽  
pp. 205-216
Author(s):  
R. M. Natour ◽  
J. A. Rabba ◽  
M. S. Nowar ◽  
A. Salhab ◽  
A. Mahasneh
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Powdered Milk

scholarly journals Determination of Aflatoxin M1 in Pasteurized Liquid and Powdered Milk Products Imported to Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Mahmoodi Maymand ◽  
◽  
Mansooreh Mazaheri ◽  
Mahboobeh Talebi Mehrdar ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Powdered Milk ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Growth Development

Background: Mycotoxins are the secondary metabolites of molds and have adverse effects on humans, animals, and crops, resulting in illnesses and economic losses. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a hepatocarcinogen found in the milk from animals that have consumed feeds contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Milk is a highly nutritious food and is a source of necessary macro- and micro-nutrients for the growth, development and maintenance of human health. Methods: The presence of AFM1 was investigated in 70 samples of imported pasteurized and powdered milk products available to the Iranian consumers. The level of AFM1 was determined by HPLC method equipped with immunoaffinity cleanup. Results: The results showed that 32% of the analyzed samples were positive for AFM1 at 0.05-3.31 μg/kg. Also, 16% of analyzed samples were positive for AFM1at concentrations higher than the limit permitted by the Iranian standards. Conclusion: The detection of AFM1 contamination in the analyzed samples indicates the importance of the health of animal feeds. Thus, monitoring the imported feed materials, especially those arriving at Iranian borders is crucial in the prevention of AFM1 and AFB1 contaminations spreading across the domestic market.

Reduction of Milk Contamination with Aflatoxin-M1 through Vaccination of Dairy Cattle with Aflatoxin-B1 Vaccine

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Primary Vaccination ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serum Albumins ◽  
Milk Contamination ◽  
Before And After

Aflatoxin M1 is one of mycotoxin derivatives, which is secreted in milk of dairy cattle fed on feed contaminated with Aflatoxin-B1 (AFB1). The current study was designed to prepare a vaccine against AFB1and to evaluate its efficacy in reducing or preventing secretion of AFM1 in milk. Aflatoxin-B1 was prepared, purified and transformed into oxime, then it was fixed on bovine serum albumins. The AFB1-BSA conjugate was adjuvanted with Gold Nano particles then Montanide ISA 206. The prepared vaccine was used for immunization of rabbits by S/c routes as 100 µg/dose and dairy cattle by I/M routes as 500 µg/dose. The vaccinated animals were boosted at 3 weeks post primary immunization. Serum samples were collected and examined for the anti-AFB1 using AGPT. A mean titer of 15.2 AGPU/ml was detected at 2 weeks post primary vaccination then significantly increased till reached to 76.8 AGPU/ml at 6 weeks post Booster vaccination. All vaccinated rabbits were challenged with dose of 0.3 mg AFB1 toxin/Kg. The vaccinated rabbit showed 100% protection and no AFB1 toxin residue was detected in their livers. Milk samples were collected from non-vaccinated and AFB1-immunized dairy cattle then examined with ELISA for quantitation of AFM1 residues before and after vaccination. The results showed that the prepared AFB1 vaccine was safe, potent and able to reduce AFM1 release in milk of vaccinated heifers by 70%. So the vaccination of lactating animals with the AFB1vaccine might represent a valid tool for the prevention of AFM1 contamination of milk and dairy products.

Corn silage as a source of aflatoxin B1 in feed for dairy cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 2759-2764
Author(s):  
DRAGAN GLAMOČIĆ ◽  
MIROSLAVA POLOVINSKI HORVATOVIĆ ◽  
IGOR JAJIĆ ◽  
SAŠA KRSTOVIĆ ◽  
MIRKO IVKOVIĆ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Corn Grain

Nutrition of dairy cattle is based on two components, concentrates and forages. The main forages in Vojvodina, north province of Serbia is silage made from the whole plant of corn. After the outbreak of aflatoxin B1 in corn in 2012, the occurrence of aflatoxin B1 in corn as a source of contamination of aflatoxin M1 in milk was very broadly investigated. There is no data regarding the occurrence of aflatoxin B1 in silage and how much silage can contribute to the overall intake of aflatoxin B1 in this region. This work is an attempt to estimate how much silage, in condition and practice used in Vojvodina, contributes to the intake of aflatoxin B1, and consequently aflatoxin M1 in milk. In total, 82 samples of corn grain and 72 samples of corn silage were analyzed on the occurrence of aflatoxin B1 during 2017-2018 period. Aflatoxin B1 was found in 13.41% of corn samples in the range from 6.82 to 187.5 ppb (average 63.5 ppb). All positive samples were from 2017, while no positive samples were found during 2018. Incidence of aflatoxin B1 in silage was 54.17% in the range of 3.5-58.0 ppb (12% moisture content) or 0.95-16.1 ppb in the fresh matter. Results suggest that silage can be a significant factor to overall intake of aflatoxin B1 and that further research is needed.

Simultaneous Determination of Aflatoxin B1 and Aflatoxin M1 in Food Matrices by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 767-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxiao Jiang ◽  
Zhanhui Wang ◽  
Greta Nölke ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Lanlan Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Food Matrices

Immunoassays for Analysis of Mycotoxins

1984 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 562-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
FUN SUN CHU
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Protein Conjugates ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Past

During the past few years, several laboratories have prepared specific antibodies against aflatoxins B1, M1, B2a and Q1, ochratoxin A, T-2 toxin, and zearalenone. These antibodies were obtained from rabbits after immunizing with various mycotoxin-protein conjugates. With the availability of these antibodies, specific, simple and sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) procedures for monitoring mycotoxins and their metabolites in foods, feeds and body fluids have been developed. In this review, details are presented for the preparation of antibodies and the application of RIA and ELISA to determine aflatoxins B1 and M1, ochratoxin A and T-2 toxin in corn, peanuts, milk and other biological fluids. The sensitivity of ELISA for analysis of these mycotoxins in foods varied from 0.1 μg/L for aflatoxin M1 in milk to 5 μg/kg of aflatoxin B1 in peanuts. The advantages and disadvantages of ELISA for monitoring mycotoxins in foods and feeds are discussed. In addition, a description of recent progress on simplified clean-up procedures which may increase the sensitivity of immunoassays is presented.

Determination and Confirmation of Identity of Aflatoxin M1 in Dairy Products: Collaborative Study

1980 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 907-921
Author(s):  
Robert D Stubblefield ◽  
Hans P Van Egmond ◽  
Walter E Paulsch ◽  
Pieter L Schuller ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Powdered Milk ◽  
Limit Of Determination ◽  
Sample Extraction ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Derivatives Of

Abstract An international collaborative study involving 23 collaborators was conducted to test methods, improved over previous methods with respect to speed and solvent use, for the rapid determination and thin layer chromatographic (TLC) confirmation of aflatoxin M1 identity in dairy products. For the quantitative method, collaborators assayed samples of Couda and cheddar cheeses, powdered milk, and butter containing levels of M1 near the anticipated limit of determination. Statistical analysis of the study results indicated that the lower limit of determination and precision of this method were comparable to these parameters of methods previously approved for analysis for aflatoxin M1. A few collaborators found that M1 eluted early from cleanup columns with cheese and butter samples and that emulsions formed during powdered milk sample extraction. The reasons for these problems have been determined and remedies are provided. For the TLC confirmation of identity method, collaborators prepared trifluoroacetic acid derivatives of M1 on the plates after 2-dimensional development. Concentrations as low as 0.3 ng/g cheese and 1.0 ng/g powdered milk were determined in this study. As a result of this study, both methods have been adopted as official first action methods by the AOAC and as reference methods by IUPAC.

Rapid Thin Layer Chromatographic Determination of Aflatoxin M1 in Powdered Milk

1985 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 952-954
Author(s):  
Maria Luisa Serralheiro ◽  
Maria Lurdes Quinta
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Methanol Solution ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Powdered Milk ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Abstract A method has been developed for the detection of aflatoxin Mi in milk. The toxin is extracted with chloroform, the extract is evaporated, and the residue is partitioned between carbon tetrachloride and an aqueous saline-methanol solution. The toxin is once again extracted with chloroform from the methanol solution and analyzed by thin layer chromatography. The limit of detection of Mi in powdered milk is 0.5 μg/ kg; recoveries of added Mj are about 83%. The limit of detection can be improved to 0.3 μg/kg if the plate is sprayed with an aqueous solution of H2S04 after development.

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