scholarly journals Fruits Contaminated with Lead, Cadmium and Nitrate are the Risks to Human Health: A seasonal study

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Reza Sharafati Chaleshtori ◽  
◽  
Zahra Jadi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Target Hazard Quotient ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inductively Coupled

Background: Consumers may be contaminated by various food intakes as one of the most important sources of organic and inorganic pollutants associated with agriculture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and nitrate contaminations in watermelon and carrot samples and the associated risks to human health. Methods: In this cross sectional study, 108 samples of watermelon and carrot samples were collected randomly from the supermarkets in Kashan, Iran, from October 2017 to September 2018. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and spectrophotometry were used to analyze Pb, Cd and nitrate in the collected samples, respectively. Results: The results showed that the carrot samples had the most concentrations of Pb, Cd and nitrate than those for watermelon (p<0.001). All of the samples except for some watermelons and carrots had lower contaminants than the permissible standard limits. The results of the target hazard quotient (THQ) and total THQ for the compounds were within the safe range (<1) and were not detected at harmful levels. The excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) of Pb and Cd were in the safe and unsafe range, respectively. However, the total cancer risk was higher than the standard level and was; therefore, unsafe to the consumers. Conclusion: The study showed that the concentrations of the compounds in carrot and watermelon may potentially be hazardous to the health of Iranian consumers.

scholarly journals Essential elements in the different type of fruits, soil and water samples collected from Markazi province, Iran: a health risk assessment study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-125
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rezaei ◽  
Ali Akbar Malekirad ◽  
Maryam Jabbari ◽  
Maryam Karimi-Dehkordi ◽  
Bahareh Ghasemidehkordi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Target Hazard Quotient ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Noncarcinogenic Risk ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Soil And Water

Fruits could contain elements in various concentrations, which can have both positive and negative impacts on human health. The concentrations of essential elements, including Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Manganese (Mn), and Chromium (Cr) in five types of fruits, namely, peach, apple, grape, nectarine, and golden plum, and the soil and irrigation water from six industrial zones of Markazi province, Iran, were evaluated using an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) technique. The noncarcinogenic risk was assessed by determining the target hazard quotient and the Monte Carlo simulation model. The highest concentrations of Fe, Mn, and Cr were observed in golden plum, while the highest concentrations of Cu and Zn were noted in grape and apple, respectively. The order of the mean of concentrations of elements in the soil and water samples were Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Cr. The transfer factor (TF) results indicate that studied fruits could not absorb a high amount of these elements from the soil (TF < 1). Target hazard quotient values of these elements in both adults and chil-dren were ranked as Cr > Cur > Fe > Mn > Zn. The target hazard quotient was 95% and total target hazard quo-tient was <1, meaning that the consumption of fruits is safe for consumers.

scholarly journals Toxic and heavy metals contamination assessment in soil and water to evaluate human health risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Waqar Ahmad ◽  
Rima D. Alharthy ◽  
Muhammad Zubair ◽  
Mahmood Ahmed ◽  
Abdul Hameed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Contamination Assessment ◽  
Soil And Water

AbstractDue to urbanization and industrialization, there has been an increase in solid waste generation and has become a global concern and leakage of leachate from landfills contaminate the soil and groundwater and hence can have a severe impact on human health. The present study aimed to determine the composition of toxic metals (Cr, Mn, Cu, As) and heavy metals (Cd, Ba, Hg, Pb) in soil and water by an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). To ensure accuracy during the analysis of Cr, Mn, Cu, As, Cd, Ba, Hg, and Pb in real samples, certified reference material (CRM, SRM 2709a) of San Joaquin soil and water (SRM 1640a) were analyzed and results were presented in terms of % recovery studies. The mean concentration of all the metals in soil and water did not exceed the limit set by the European Community (EU), WHO, and US EPA except Cu where the permissible limit defined by the EU is 50–140 mg/kg in soil. The soil is uncontaminated to moderately contaminated with respect to all metals except the Cu and Pb. Among the average daily dose (ADD) of soil, ADDing and ADDinh for children had the maximum dose for all metals than adults while ADDderm was higher in adults. Hazard quotient (HQ) trend in both adults and children was found in order HQing > HQderm > HQinh of soil for all metals except Ba which followed HQing > HQinh > HQderm. Hazard index (HI) values of soil for Cr and Pb in children were 7 and 7.5 times higher than adults respectively. Lifetime cancer risk (LCR) value for Cr by different exposure pathways of soil was 5.361 × 10−4 for children which are at the lower borderline of risk for cancer.

Estimation of Trace Elements in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Serum-Comparative Study in Healthy and Periodontitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhagavathami Meenaksh ◽  
Chitraa R. Chandran ◽  
Aravindhan Thathchari Ranganathan ◽  
Kavindapadi Venkateswaran Rama ◽  
Valarmathy Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Serum Copper ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Copper Zinc

Background: This study aims to determine and compare the levels of trace elements copper, zinc, selenium and chromium in GCF and serum of patients with periodontitis and healthy individuals. Methods: This cross sectional study includes 24 study subjects recruited from the patients reporting to the Department of Periodontics , Tagore Dental College Chennai. All the selected patients were subjected to a clinical examination done by a single examiner. The estimation of trace elements Copper, Zinc, Selenium and Chromium in GCF and serum is performed using Perkin Elmer optima 5300 Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometer (ICPOES). Results: GCF and serum copper levels showed no significant difference in both periodontitis and healthy groups . Selenium levels tend to be the same in both groups. Serum zinc levels are more in periodontitis patients than healthy subjects (p less than 0.01). GCF chromium levels are found to be more in patients with periodontitis than healthy. Conclusions : More research is therefore needed to monitor the role of these trace elements C with an increased sample size to ascertain whether they are associated with a reduced risk of periodontitis.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment of Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury on Human Health in Relation to the Consumption of Farmed Sea Bass in Italy: A Meta-Analytical Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calogero Di Bella ◽  
Antonino Calagna ◽  
Gaetano Cammilleri ◽  
Pietro Schembri ◽  
Daniela Lo Monaco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
Target Hazard Quotient ◽  
Weekly Intake ◽  
Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
Significant Difference

A risk assessment, related to the consumption of farmed sea bass, was carried out by meta-analysis, taking into account the concentration of trace metals (Cd, Pb, Hg) reported in the literature, the estimated weekly intake (EWI), the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI), and the target hazard quotient (THQ). The concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Hg in farmed sea bass marketed in Sicily (Southern Italy) were also assessed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) to have screening data for the comparison with literature results. In any case, the results obtained by meta-analysis and by screening were lower than the pre-established legal limits for each metal. The meta-analysis results showed very low levels of Cd (0.031 μg g–1 w.w.), Pb (0.110 μg g–1 w.w.), and Hg (0.023 μg g–1 w.w.). The EWI estimation confirmed safety limits for human health (0.004, 0.015, and 0.003 μg kg–1 for Cd, Pb, and Hg, respectively). Even the THQ demonstrated that farmed sea bass represent a secure food for humans (0.0006, 0.0005, and 0.0048 for Cd, Pb, and Hg, respectively). The comparison with our screening data showed a significant difference only for the Pb levels (p &lt; 0.05). The results obtained were compared with the same indexes relative to other food types (meat, cereals, vegetables, etc.). The EWI and THQ calculated were always lower than same indexes relative to other food types considered.

scholarly journals Assessment of Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu and Zn Amounts in Muscles of Cyprinus Carpio from Karasu Stream, Sinop

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levent Bat ◽  
Fatih Şahin ◽  
Ayşah Öztekin ◽  
Elif Arici ◽  
Öztekin Yardim
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Target Hazard Quotient ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Cu And Zn

Heavy metal contaminations in aquatic habitats effect negatively on the organisms that depend on the water. In this work heavy metal levels in edible tissues of Cyprinus carpio from Karasu Stream in Sinop in summer, autumn and winter were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer. The accumulation pattern in the work is in the order of Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd> Hg. The amounts of Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in carps were 0.022-0.036, 0.031-0.045, 0.22-0.29, 1.32-1.61 and 8.4-12.3 mg kg-1 wet wt., respectively. Concentrations of heavy metals in C. carpio were all below the TFC and EC guidelines. Total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) was 0.10722 and below 1 which showed that consumption of carp from the Karasu Stream has no health threats by now as the heavy metals investigated was concerned.

scholarly journals Concentrations and Risk Evaluation of Selected Heavy Metals in Amaranthus (L.) Leaf Cultivated in Katsina State, North West Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
A. I. Yaradua ◽  
A. J. Alhassan ◽  
A. Nasir ◽  
K. I. Matazu ◽  
A. Usman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Target Hazard Quotient ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
North West

Bioaccumulation of seven heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Fe, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn) in  Amaranthus leaf cultivated in Katsina state Nigeria were measured using atomic absorption spectrometer. The health risks to the local inhabitants from the consumption of the Amaranthus leaf were evaluated based on the Target Hazard Quotient. The possibility of cancer risks in the Amaranthus (L.) leaf through the intake of carcinogenic heavy metals was estimated using the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk. The target hazard quotient was (THQ)>1, indicating that the Amaranthus leaf cultivated may pose a non-carcinogenic risk for all the studied metals. Hazard index (HI) was low. The incremental cancer risk (ILCR) for Cd  violated the threshold risk limit (>10−4) and ILCR for Pb reached the moderate risk limit (>10−3) in all the studied samples in adults, While in children ILCR for both Pb in samples from Dabai, Daura, Funtua, Matazu and Zango and Cd for all samples have reached the moderate risk limit (>10−3), while the ILCR for Pb in samples from Birchi, Dutsinma, Kafur, Katsina and Malunfashi are beyond the moderate risk level (>10−2). The study suggests that consumption of Amaranthus leaf cultivated in Katsina may contribute to the population cancer burden.

scholarly journals Assessment and Monitoring of Fish Quality from a Coastal Ecosystem under High Anthropic Pressure: A Case Study in Southern Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Loredana La Torre ◽  
Nicola Cicero ◽  
Giovanni Bartolomeo ◽  
Rossana Rando ◽  
Rossella Vadalà ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Target Hazard Quotient ◽  
Inorganic Elements ◽  
Cancer Disease ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Fish Samples

Fish is a nutrient-rich food but, at the same time, consumption of fish is a possible source of exposure to heavy metals. Since many coastal Mediterranean areas suffer from great anthropomorphic pressure, the aim of this study was to assess the level of potentially toxic inorganic elements in different fish samples from the coastal zone of Southern Italy (Gela) where there is a high mortality rate linked to cancer disease and congenital malformations. The presence of mercury, cadmium, lead, nickel, arsenic, vanadium, and chromium was measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The risk assessment was evaluated in terms of estimated daily intake by calculating the amount of potentially toxic elements that an average individual adult weighing 60 kg would ingest. Moreover the non-carcinogenic risk was estimated by target hazard quotient (THQ). The study evidenced significant contamination by inorganic elements, especially cadmium, which can be linked to industrial pollution. The THQ indexes, as indicators of human health, suggest that the consumption of fish from the study area is not free of risk.

scholarly journals Assessing the suitability of 8-OHdG and micronuclei as genotoxic biomarkers in chromate-exposed workers: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. e005979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Li ◽  
Yongen Gu ◽  
Shanfa Yu ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Jinglin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Positive Correlations

ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate suitable conditions of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and micronucleus (MN) as genotoxic biomarkers at different levels of occupational chromate exposure.DesignA cross-sectional study was used.Participants84 workers who were exposed to chromate for at least 1 year were chosen as the chromate exposed group, while 30 non-exposed individuals were used as controls.Main outcome measuresEnvironmental and biological exposure to chromate was respectively assessed by measuring the concentration of chromate in the air (CrA) and blood (CrB) by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) in all participants. MN indicators, including micronucleus cell count (MNCC), micro-nucleus count (MNC), nuclear bridge (NPB) and nuclear bud (NBUD) were calculated by the cytokinesis-block micronucleus test (CBMN), while the urinary 8-OHdG was measured by the ELISA method and normalised by the concentration of Cre.ResultsCompared with the control group, the levels of CrA, CrB, MNCC, MNC and 8-OHdG in the chromate-exposed group were all significantly higher (p<0.05). There were positive correlations between log(8-OHdG) and LnMNCC or LnMNC (r=0.377 and 0.362). The levels of LnMNCC, LnMNC and log (8-OHdG) all have parabola correlations with the concentration of CrB. However, there was a significantly positive correlation between log (8-OHdG) and CrB when the CrB level was below 10.50 µg/L (r=0.355), while a positive correlation was also found between LnMNCC or LnMNC and CrB when the CrB level was lower than 9.10 µg/L (r=0.365 and 0.269, respectively).ConclusionsMN and 8-OHdG can be used as genotoxic biomarkers in the chromate-exposed group, but it is only when CrB levels are lower than 9.10 and 10.50 µg/L, respectively, that they can accurately reflect the degree of genetic damage.

scholarly journals Human Blood Lead Levels and the First Evidence of Environmental Exposure to Industrial Pollutants in the Amazon

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (17) ◽  
pp. 3047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaís Karolina Lisboa de Queiroz ◽  
Karytta Sousa Naka ◽  
Lorena de Cássia dos Santos Mendes ◽  
Brenda Natasha Souza Costa ◽  
Iracina Maura de Jesus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Exposure ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Food And Beverage

The main routes of lead (Pb) absorption are through the airways and orally, and through consumption of contaminated food and beverage, with Pb mainly being absorbed in the atmospheric particulate form. In 2012, a cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate the Pb environmental exposure in two Amazonian districts, Dom Manuel (DMN) and Laranjal (CLA), located in Barcarena City, northern Brazil. CLA is located outside the industrial area of Barcarena (control population), whereas DMN is an old community located in the vicinity of industrial activities. A significant number of residents in these districts participated in an epidemiological inquiry and blood sampling. Total Pb blood levels were quantified using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The mean Pb blood level in people that live in DMN was 281.60 (98.73–570.80) μg·L−1, approximately nine times higher than the level found in CLA (32.77 μg·L−1). In these districts, the Pb blood levels showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) based on gender, schooling, residence time, and smoking. This is the first evidence of industrial environmental pollutant exposure in the Amazon.

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