scholarly journals The Strategies Used by Visually Impaired and Blind People in Iran to Cope With Difficulty Performing Daily Living Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-209
Author(s):  
Faezeh Aghazadeh ◽  
◽  
Abbas Riazi ◽  
Mohammad Kamali ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
General Category ◽  
Blind People ◽  
High School Diploma ◽  
Daily Living Activities

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the strategies used by visually impaired and blind people in Iran to cope with difficulty performing daily living activities. Materials & Methods: This research is a qualitative study using a content analysis method. The participants were 18 visually impaired and blind people who were purposefully selected from those referred to the Visual Aid Research Center of Iran University of Medical Sciences in Tehran City, Iran. A semi-structured interview was first used using general questions about some daily living activities to discover the participants’ experiences. Attempts were made to allow participants to express their experiences independently without the help of the interviewer. The interviews were recorded as an audio file. After the interview, the audio files were transcribed and analyzed using thematic content analysis. The key sentences were extracted from the main texts, and the strategies or concepts extracted from those sentences were identified. Common strategies were put under one category. After the data saturation, when no new concept was found in the sentences, the interviews ended. By examining similar strategies in a category, subcategories were defined, and finally, similar subcategories were placed in a more general category, and the main themes or strategies were identified. Results: The Mean±SD age of the participants was 39.5±11 years, ranging from 22 to 66 years. Of 18 participants, 7 were blind, 7 had severe visual impairment, and 4 had moderate visual impairment. Their duration of blindness or visual impairment was more than five years. In terms of education, 7 had no high school diploma, and 11 had a high school diploma or higher degree. Vision loss was congenital in some subjects and acquired in others. We extracted 8 main themes or strategies used by the subjects to cope with difficulty performing daily living activities. These themes are trust in others, use of alternative senses, efficient vision care, use of technology, optimization of the living environment, avoiding a specific activity, increasing emotional intelligence, and use of intelligence and memory. Conclusion: The strategies used by the visually impaired and blind people in Iran are entirely personal and innovative and play an influential role in increasing their quality of life. According to their own statements, these strategies can solve their many problems in performing daily living activities.

scholarly journals Echolocation, as a method supporting spatial orientation and independent movement of people with visual impairment

2019 ◽  
pp. 353-371
Author(s):  
KAMILA MILER-ZDANOWSKA
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Spatial Orientation ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Blind People ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Visually Impaired People ◽  
The World ◽  
Impaired People

Kamila Miler-Zdanowska, Echolocation, as a method supporting spatial orientation and independent movement of people with visual impairment. Interdisciplinary Contexts of Special Pedagogy, no. 25, Poznań 2019. Pp. 353-371. Adam MickiewiczUniversity Press. ISSN 2300-391X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2019.25.15 People with visual impairment use information from other senses to gain knowledge about the world around them. More and more studies conducted withthe participation of visually impaired people indicate that data obtained through auditory perception is extremely important. In this context, the ability of echolocation used by blind people to move independently is interesting. The aim of the article is to present echolocation as a method supporting spatial orientation of people with visual impairment. The article presents the results of empirical studies of echolocation. It also presents the benefits of using this ability in everyday life and signals research projects related to the methodology of teaching echolocation in Poland. People with visually impaired to get knowledge about the world around them use information from other senses. Many studies conducted with the participation of visually impaired people indicate that data obtained through hearing are extremely important. In this context, the ability of echolocation used by blind people to move independently is interesting. The aim of the article is to present echolocation as a method supporting spatial orientation of people with visual disabilities. The article presents the results of empirical studies on echolocation. It also presents the benefits of using this skill in everyday life and signals research projects on themethodology of teaching echolocation in Poland.

scholarly journals The impact of near visual impairment on instrumental activities of daily living among community-dwelling older adults in Selangor

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiu Ting Kee ◽  
Mohd Harimi Abd Rahman ◽  
Norliza Mohamad Fadzil ◽  
Zainora Mohammed ◽  
Suzana Shahar
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Activity Of Daily Living ◽  
Instrumental Activities ◽  
Iadl Disability ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective Near visual impairment (VI) is a common disability in an aging population. Near vision is crucial in activity of daily living including reading, smartphone and computer use and meal preparation. This study was conducted to determine the association between near visual acuity (VA) and contrast sensitivity (CS) with activity of daily living (ADL) among visually impaired older adults. Results A total of 208 participants aged  ≥  60 were recruited from the population-based longitudinal study on neuroprotective model for healthy longevity. Habitual near VA and CS were measured using Lighthouse near VA chart and Pelli-Robson CS chart, respectively. Lawton instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) was used to assess ADL. There are 41.8% participants with near visual impairment and 28.7% among them had IADL disability. Independent t test showed significant lower mean IADL score among visually impaired participants [t(206)  =  2.03, p  =  0.04]. IADL score significantly correlated with near VA (r  =   − 0.21, p  =  0.05) but not with CS (r  =   − 0.14, p = 0.21). Near VA (B  =   − 0.44, p  =  0.03) and age (B  =   − 0.07, p  =  0.01) significantly predicted IADL. The findings show poorer VA renders higher IADL disability, which may necessitate interventions to improve ADL among visually impaired older adults.

scholarly journals O Diálogo com estudantes com deficiência visual (Dv’s ) como Instrumento Formativo para um Ensino de Matemática InclusivoThe dialogue with visually impaired students as a formative tool for an inclusive mathematics teaching

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-311
Author(s):  
Tiago Pereira ◽  
Fábio Alexandre Borges
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Mathematics Teaching ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Teaching Support ◽  
Visually Impaired Students ◽  
Inclusive Schooling

ResumoNeste trabalho discutimos alguns aspectos apresentados por estudantes com deficiência visual quanto às suas respectivas escolarizações inclusivas enfocando a disciplina de matemática. Foram entrevistados quatro sujeitos, atuais acadêmicos no ensino superior, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, que foram norteadas por um roteiro de perguntas construído com subsídios de uma revisão bibliográfica anterior. Na análise, empregamos os pressupostos da análise de conteúdo, e para expormos nossos resultados, utilizamos categorias elencadas por meio das convergências existentes nas falas dos entrevistados. As categorias identificadas foram: a diferenciação docente de conteúdos e atividades escolares entre estudantes com deficiência visual e videntes; o desconhecimento docente das necessidades educativas do aluno com deficiência visual; negligências/omissões docentes no ensino de estudantes com deficiência visual, incluso quanto aos seus aprendizados; tentativas isoladas de apoio docente como reflexo da falta de um trabalho coletivo escolar mais amplo.Palavras-chave: Deficiência visual, Ensino de matemática inclusivo, Narrativas de estudantes.AbstractIn this paper, we discuss some aspects presented by visually impaired students about their inclusive schooling focusing on mathematics. Four subjects, current higher education students, answered semi-structured interviews we prepared guided by a script of questions constructed with subsidies from a previous bibliographic review. In the analysis, we used the assumptions of content analysis, and to expose our results, we used categories listed through the convergences existing in the statements of the respondents. The categories identified were: the teaching differentiation of school content and activities between visually impaired and sighted students; the teachers' lack of knowledge of the educational needs of the visually impaired student; negligence/omissions in teaching visually impaired students, including their learning; isolated attempts at teaching support as a reflection of the lack of broader collective school work.Keywords: Visual impairment, Teaching of inclusive mathematics, Narratives of students.ResumenEn este artículo se discuten algunos aspectos presentados por estudiantes con discapacidad visual sobre su escolarización inclusiva con enfoque en matemáticas. Cuatro sujetos, estudiantes actuales de educación superior, respondieron entrevistas semiestructuradas que preparamos basados en un guión de preguntas construido con subsidios de una revisión bibliográfica previa. En el análisis, usamos los supuestos del análisis de contenido, y para exponer nuestros resultados, usamos categorías listadas a través de las convergencias existentes en las declaraciones de los encuestados. Las categorías identificadas fueron: la diferenciación docente del contenido y las actividades escolares entre estudiantes con discapacidad visual y con videntes; el desconocimiento de los profesores sobre las necesidades educativas del alumno con discapacidad visual; negligencia / omisiones en la enseñanza de estudiantes con discapacidad visual, incluido su aprendizaje; intentos aislados de apoyo a la enseñanza como reflejo de la falta de un trabajo escolar colectivo más amplio.Palabras clave: Discapacidad visual, Enseñanza inclusiva de las matemáticas, narrativas de estudiantes.

scholarly journals Tecnologias digitais e deficiência visual: a contribuição das TIC para a prática pedagógica no contexto da Lei Brasileira de Inclusão

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 412
Author(s):  
Maria Helena Silveira Bonilla ◽  
Manoela Cristina Correia Carvalho da Silva ◽  
Taiane Abreu Machado
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Pedagogical Practices ◽  
Blind People ◽  
Visually Impaired People ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Right

Resumo: Com a promulgação da Lei Brasileira de Inclusão (LBI), confirma-se o direito das pessoas com deficiência à educação em escolas comuns. As Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC) podem ser grandes aliadas nesse processo, inclusive para pessoas com deficiência visual, o maior contingente de pessoas entre aquelas que têm deficiências no Brasil e um público para o qual o uso não criterioso de tecnologias digitais pode apresentar sérias barreiras devido à carga imagética associada às TIC. O presente estudo, além de discutir as principais barreiras na comunicação e na informação enfrentadas por pessoas com deficiência visual, apresenta alternativas de como educadores podem incorporar as TIC a sua prática pedagógica e fomentar a colaboração, a descentralização do conhecimento, a autonomia e a criatividade.Palavras-chave: Deficiência visual; TIC; Lei brasileira de inclusão. Digital technologies and visual impairment: the contribution of ICT to pedagogical practices in the context of the Brazilian Law for the Inclusion of persons with disability Abstract: With the enactment of the Brazilian law for the inclusion of persons with disability, the right of people with special needs to be educated in regular schools has been confirmed. Information and communication technologies (ICT) can be of great use in this process, even for visually impaired people, the largest contingent of people among those with disabilities in Brazil and an audience for whom the non-judicious use of digital technologies may present serious barriers due to the imaging load associated to ICT. In the present study, besides discussing the main barriers in information and communication faced by blind people, the authors present alternatives to educators who wish to incorporate ICT into their pedagogical practices and foster collaboration, helping enhance the decentralization of knowledge, autonomy and creativity.Keywords: Visual impairment; ICT; Brazilian law for the inclusion of persons with disability. 

Three Classes of Change to Improve the Daily Living Skills of Persons with Visual Impairment

1993 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 402-404
Author(s):  
J. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Daily Living Skills ◽  
Living Skills ◽  
The Way

Individuals who become visually impaired need to adapt in the way they perform tasks. This article describes three classes of change involved in improving the daily living skills of persons with visual impairments: changes in the work, in the workplace, and in the worker's activity. Changes in the work or product are considered the highest level of change and, of necessity, bring about changes in the workplace and in the worker's activities. Case studies illustrate the three levels of changes.

scholarly journals Lie Detection and Blindness: Research in Pandemic Times

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (5 Zeszyt specjalny) ◽  
pp. 141-154
Author(s):  
Jolanta Sak-Wernicka
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Lie Detection ◽  
Blind People ◽  
Visually Impaired People ◽  
Impaired People ◽  
Everyday Communication

The aim of this article is to explore the differences in lie detection between sighted and visually impaired people. In the study, three groups of blind and sighted individuals were tested on their lie-detecting abilities during natural everyday communication. Due to the current pandemic situation, the study was conducted in accordance with the sanitary regime, using appropriate methods and tools. The results revealed no statistically significant differences between blind and sighted individuals in the accuracy of lie and truth detection. The groups did not differ in how confident they were in making veracity judgements either. The study shows that visual impairment does not have an impact on lie-detection abilities and that blind people are as good at detecting lies as sighted individuals.

scholarly journals Unseen? A qualitative study on how mothers and fathers living with a visual impairment experience parenthood

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-80
Author(s):  
Jentel Van Havermaet ◽  
Elisabeth De Schauwer ◽  
Geert Van Hove
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Impaired Child ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Relational Work

It is barely taken into account that a visually impaired child might one day become a parent. Research on the insider perspectives of parents on parenting with a visual impairment is scarce. This exploratory study reports on how six mothers and seven fathers living with a visual impairment experience parenthood. An individual or paired open interview, followed by qualitative content analysis, captured their multi-layered and personal lived experiences on parenting. Analysis of the data collected revealed three themes: the actual practices of daily parenting as an exploration of a personal and unique toolbox for each parent; a parental urge to prove themselves to overcome extra doubts, pressure and othering; and the relational work of parents with their partner and child(ren).

scholarly journals Assessment of the life experiences of visually impaired adults in the Empangeni region of Kwazulu

Curationis ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Zungu
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Structured Interviews

The purpose of the study was to assess how visual impairment influenced the experiences of daily living of blind adults in a rural community in KwaZulu, Information was elicited through semi-structured interviews with 16 people (eight men and eight women) between the ages of 21 and 55 years who had been visually impaired from one to more than 20 years. Such visual impairment ranged from inability to perform some of the activities that require the use of eyesight to inability to see at all.

scholarly journals An analysis of the impact of visual impairment on activities of daily living and vision-related quality of life in a visually impaired adult population

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabila Jones ◽  
Hannah Elizabeth Bartlett ◽  
Richard Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
The Impact

Previous research has shown that people with visual impairment are more likely to be malnourished and have reported to have difficulty shopping for, preparing, and eating food. They are also reported to have a poor quality of life. The present study aims to investigate the impact of visual impairment on activities of daily living and Vision-Related Quality of Life (VR-QoL) in a sample of adults with visual impairment who are living in the United Kingdom. A 37-question survey evaluating the nutritional status and the activities of daily living, cooking and shopping, was disseminated to adults with visual impairment who were 18 years and older. VR-QoL was also assessed using the validated, Questionnaire of Vision-Related Quality of Life Measure (VCM1). Participants reported that being visually impaired made it difficult to shop for, prepare, and cook meals, and this correlated significantly with level of visual impairment. The VCM1 score of ⩾2.1 was reported by 74% of people with visual impairment revealing VR-QoL is more than a little of a concern for most of the participants. The mean VCM1 score for females was 2.9 ± 0.98 and 2.5 ± 1.1 for males. Level of visual impairment was not found to influence the VCM1 scores. This indicates even those with visual impairment below the level required for sight impairment registration report a reduced VR-QoL. It is the responsibility and duty of society to support people with visual impairment or other disabilities rather than blaming them for not ‘integrating’. Among other things, this can be done by incorporating norms into the marketing. These norms might help to raise and increase the awareness of suppliers to the needs of consumers with visual impairment. Furthermore, such norms may contribute to our ongoing efforts for a more inclusive and accessible environment.

Articulatory Intervention for the Visually Impaired

1979 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
Cheri L. Florance ◽  
Judith O’Keefe
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
School Students ◽  
Handicapped Children ◽  
Paired Stimuli ◽  
Visually Handicapped ◽  
Parent Program

A modification of the Paired-Stimuli Parent Program (Florance, 1977) was adapted for the treatment of articulatory errors of visually handicapped children. Blind high school students served as clinical aides. A discussion of treatment methodology, and the results of administrating the program to 32 children, including a two-year follow-up evaluation to measure permanence of behavior change, is presented.

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