Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Perceptions of Physical Restraint Use Questionnaire

Objectives: One of the fundamental responsibilities of nurses in care is to prevent harm to the patients and others. Many nurses use physical restraints to achieve this goal. Considering that the use of physical restraints in older patients is associated with physical and psychological complications and ethical issues, it is important to identify the nurses’ perceptions of using physical restraint in hospitalized older adults. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of Perception of Physical Restraint Use Questionnaire (PRUQ) to be used in caring for hospitalized older adults in Iran. Methods & Materials: This is a methodological study with a descriptive cross-sectional design that was conducted in hospitals in Kermanshah (Western Iran) in 2019. After obtaining permission from the developers of PRUQ, translation to Persian was performed according to standard protocol of World Health Organization. Then, the Persian version was completed by 330 nurses who were selected by a convenience sampling method based on the inclusion criteria. Then, its face validity and content validity (qualitatively and quantitatively), construct validity using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), test-retest reliability, internal consistency and structural reliability were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS v. 23 and AMOS v. 5 applications. Results: Results showed a Content Validity Index (CVR) of 0.78 and a scale CVI of 0.88. Based on the results of EFA and CFA, three factors were extracted including “prevention of fall”, “prevention of interruption or interference in treatment” and “providing safe environment”. The good fit of the three-factor model of the Persian PRUQ was approved based on the model fit indices (Chi square/degree of freedom=2.27, Goodness-of-Fit Index=0.83, Comparative Fit Index =0.91, Normed Fit Index=0.92, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation=0.08). The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.82), structural reliability (>0.70) and intraclass correlation coefficient (0.86). Conclusion: The Persian version of PRUQ has good validity and reliability to be used in nurses working in hospitals in Iran. It can be used in future studies in this population.

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Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the 11-Item de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale in Iranian Older Adults

Evaluation & the Health Professions ◽

10.1177/01632787211015713 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 016327872110157

Author(s):

Reza Hosseinabadi ◽

Mahshid Foroughan ◽

Gholamreza Ghaedamini Harouni ◽

Mohammad-Sajjad Lotfi ◽

Yadollah Pournia

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Factor Analysis ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Content Validity ◽

Concurrent Validity ◽

Persian Version ◽

Loneliness Scale ◽

Two Factors ◽

Back Translation ◽

The Face

Loneliness is usually a chronic condition which may lead to physical and psychological undesirable consequences, and requires measurement and intervention. This study was conducted with the aim of preparing a Persian version of the 11-item de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale and evaluating its psychometric properties among the Iranian older adults. After applying the translation-back translation method, the prepared script was subjected to the face and content validity evaluations and a Persian version of the scale was prepared. Factor analysis, concurrent validity, internal consistency, and test-retest methods were used to validate the scale. The Persian version of the 11-item de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale showed acceptable content validity. The negative and significant correlations between the loneliness scores and the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale indicated that the questionnaire had acceptable concurrent validity. The results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed two factors for the scale. Also, the results of the intra-class correlation coefficient and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient demonstrated that the scale had acceptable reliability. The Persian version of the 11-item de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale is an appropriate tool for measuring loneliness in the Iranian older adults.

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PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE PERSIAN VERSION OF PERMA-PROFILER: A TOOL TO ASSESS FLOURISHING IN IRANIAN OLDER ADULTS

Успехи геронтологии ◽

10.34922/ae.2020.33.3.021 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 576-584

Author(s):

M. Payoun ◽

R. Fadayevatan ◽

M.-S. Lotfi ◽

M. Foroughan

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Factor Analysis ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽

Standard Error ◽

Content Validity ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Persian Version ◽

Smallest Detectable Change

Процветание имеет большое значение во всех возрастных группах, но оно становится еще более важным в период старения. Целью данного исследования была оценка психометрических свойств персидской версии PERMA-Proﬁler для использования его в качестве инструмента оценки успешности в жизни у пожилых иранцев. Это перекрестное исследование выполнено в три этапа. На первом этапе опросник был переведен на персидский язык с использованием метода прямого-обратного перевода; на втором этапе оценивали количественную и качественную достоверность лица, валидность контента и индекс валидности контента; на третьем этапе - анализ подтверждающего и поискового факторов, одновременная достоверность, сходящаяся и расходящаяся достоверность и надежность. Надежность опросника оценивали по α-коэффициенту Кронбаха, коэффициенту половины деления и стабильности по методу «тест-повторный тест». Наименьшее обнаруживаемое изменение и стандартная погрешность измерения были также рассчитаны. Персидская версия PERMA-Proﬁler с 14 элементами имела хороший коэффициент корреляции шкалы гериатрической депрессии и CASP-19 (0/545 GDS и 0,303 CASP-19). В исследовательском факторном анализе было выделено три фактора, которые объяснили 52 % дисперсию оценки PERMA-Proﬁ ler. Факторный анализ подтвердил наличие трех факторов. Опросник показал хорошую стабильность и надежность ( р <0,0001, α=0,896, коэффициент корреляции Спирмена 0,745 и ICC=0,693). Стандартный размер ошибки был небольшим и приемлемым. Персидская версия PERMA-Proﬁler является подходящим инструментом для оценки качества жизни пожилых иранцев и выявления их успешности. Статья публикуется в авторской редакции. Flourishing is of great importance in all age groups, but it becomes even more important in the aging period. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Persian version of PERMA-Proﬁler for using it as a ﬂourishing assessment tool in Iranian older adults. This cross-sectional study implemented in 3 phases. In phase 1 - the questionnaire was translated into Persian using the forward-backward translation method; in phase 2 - quantitative and qualitative face validity, content validity, and content validity index were evaluated; in phase3 - conﬁrmatory and exploratory factor analysis, concurrent validity, convergent and divergent validity, and reliability were evaluated. The reliability of the instrument was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha coefﬁ cient, split-half coefﬁcient, and stability by the test-retest method. Smallest detectable change and Standard error of measurement were calculated, too. Persian version of the PERMA-Proﬁler with 14 items had a good correlation coefﬁcient between with Geriatric Depression Scale and CASP-19 (0/545 GDS and 0,303 CASP-19). In exploratory factor analysis, three factors were extracted and explained 52 % of the variance of the PERMA-Proﬁler score. Conﬁrmatory factor analysis conﬁrmed the existence of three factors. The instrument showed good stability, repeatedly and reliability ( p <0,0001, α=0,896, Spearman correlation coefﬁcient =0,745 and ICC=0,693). The standard error size was small and acceptable. The Persian version of the PERMA-Proﬁ ler is an appropriate tool to measure the ﬂ ourishing among the Iranian elderly and to identify successful older individuals.

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Nursing professionals’ attitudes toward use of physical restraints in Styrian nursing homes Austria

Pflege ◽

10.1024/1012-5302/a000649 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 57-63

Author(s):

Hannes Mayerl ◽

Tanja Trummer ◽

Erwin Stolz ◽

Éva Rásky ◽

Wolfgang Freidl

Keyword(s):

Nursing Homes ◽

Large Scale ◽

Critical Role ◽

Physical Restraint ◽

Care Practice ◽

Physical Restraints ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Restraint Use ◽

Positive Attitudes ◽

Nursing Professionals

Abstract. Background: Given that nursing staff play a critical role in the decision regarding use of physical restraints, research has examined nursing professionals’ attitudes toward this practice. Aim: Since nursing professionals’ views on physical restraint use have not yet been examined in Austria to date, we aimed to explore nursing professionals’ attitudes concerning use of physical restraints in nursing homes of Styria (Austria). Method: Data were collected from a convenience sample of nursing professionals (N = 355) within 19 Styrian nursing homes, based on a cross-sectional study design. Attitudes toward the practice of restraint use were assessed by means of the Maastricht Attitude Questionnaire in the German version. Results: The overall results showed rather positive attitudes toward the use of physical restraints, yet the findings regarding the sub-dimensions of the questionnaire were mixed. Although nursing professionals tended to deny “good reasons” for using physical restraints, they evaluated the consequences of physical restraint use rather positive and considered restraint use as an appropriate health care practice. Nursing professionals’ views regarding the consequences of using specific physical restraints further showed that belts were considered as the most restricting and discomforting devices. Conclusions: Overall, Austrian nursing professionals seemed to hold more positive attitudes toward the use of physical restraints than counterparts in other Western European countries. Future nationwide large-scale surveys will be needed to confirm our findings.

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Physical Restraint of Older Adults at Home: Preliminary Analysis of a Prospective Cohort Study

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2380 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 683-683

Author(s):

Asa Inagaki ◽

Ayumi Igarashi ◽

Maiko Noguchi-Watanabe ◽

Mariko Sakka ◽

Chie Fukui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Online Survey ◽

Physical Restraint ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Physical Restraints ◽

Care Nurse ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Home Care Nurse ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽

At Home

Abstract Our study aimed to explore the prevalence and factors of physical restraints among frail to dependent older adults living at home. We conducted an online survey to ask about the physical/mental conditions, demographics, service utilization, and physical restraints of community-dwelling older adults. Either home care nurse or care managers who were responsible for the older adult answered the survey that were conducted at baseline and one month later. We obtained data from 1,278 individuals. Physical restraint was reported for 53 (4.1%) participants. Multiple logistic regression revealed the factors associated with physical restraints at home: having been restrained at baseline, having pneumonia or heart failure, receiving home bathing, or using rental assistive devices were associated with physical restraints at one month. The findings could be used to promote discussion about which services prevent physical restraints and what we should do to support clients and their family to stay at home safely.

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Eliciting critical care nurses’ beliefs regarding physical restraint use

Nursing Ethics ◽

10.1177/0969733017752547 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 1458-1472 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Gemma Via-Clavero ◽

Marta Sanjuán-Naváis ◽

Marta Romero-García ◽

Laura de la Cueva-Ariza ◽

Gemma Martínez-Estalella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Critical Care ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽

Physical Restraint ◽

Critical Care Nurses ◽

Control Beliefs ◽

Physical Restraints ◽

Planned Behaviour ◽

Restraint Use ◽

And Control

Background: Despite the reported harms and ethical concerns about physical restraint use in the critical care settings, nurses’ intention to apply them is unequal across countries. According to the theory of planned behaviour, eliciting nurses’ beliefs regarding the use of physical restraints would provide additional social information about nurses’ intention to perform this practice. Aim: To explore the salient behavioural, normative and control beliefs underlying the intention of critical care nurses to use physical restraints from the theory of planned behaviour. Research design: A belief elicitation study was conducted. Participants and research context: Twenty-six critical care nurses were purposively sampled across gender, work-shift patterns and professional experience in five intensive care units of three hospitals in Spain. Data were obtained from a nine-item open-ended questionnaire and a focus group. Deductive content analysis was performed. Ethical considerations: Ethical approval was obtained from the hospital ethics committee. Participants were assured their participation was voluntary. Findings: Nurses framed the use of restraints as a way of prioritising patients’ physical safety. They referred to contextual factors as the main reasons to justify their application. Nurses perceived that their decision is approved by other colleagues and the patients’ relatives. Some nurses started advocating against their use, but felt powerless to change this unsafe practice within an unfavourable climate. Control beliefs were linked to patients’ medical condition, availability of alternative solutions, analgo-sedation policies and work organisation. Discussion: Safety arguments based on the surrounding work environment were discussed. Conclusion: Nurses’ behavioural and control beliefs were related. Nurses should be trained in alternatives to physical restraint use. The impact of analgo-sedation protocols, relatives’ involvement, leadership support and intensive care unit restraint policies on physical restraint practices need to be revised. Further research is required to explore why nurses do not act with moral courage to change this harmful practice.

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Psychometric Analysis of Persian Version of Patient Safety Competency Self-Evaluation in Psychiatric Wards

10.53350/pjmhs211562048 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 2048-2053

Author(s):

Mahya Torkaman ◽

Marzieh Momennasab ◽

Shahrzad Yektatalab ◽

Mahin Eslamishahrbabaki

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Patient Safety ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Content Validity ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Psychiatric Hospitals ◽

Psychiatric Ward ◽

Self Evaluation ◽

Persian Version

Background: Assessment of the patient safety competency is necessary for the growth of nursing and safe care profession as well as evaluation of the nurses' educational needs. To this end, valid and reliable tools are required. Aim:The present study was conducted to determine psychometric properties of the Persian version of the patient safety competency self-evaluation (PSCSE) tool in Iranian psychiatric wards. Methods: All nurses (n = 209) working in two psychiatric hospitals of Kerman, Iran were included in the present cross-sectional study using census method. Followed by administering the Persian version of PSCSE to the participants, its internal consistency and reliability were assessed by test-retest method with an interval of 14 days. Other psychometric properties such as content, construct, and convergent validity of the tool were also examined. Results:The content validity index was 0.65 and the content validity ratio was 0.89. Item 14 was removed from the skill domain because it was not related to the psychiatric ward. According to the results of factor analysis, 40 items and three domains of knowledge (6 items), attitude (14 items), and skills (20 items) were confirmed with acceptable values. In terms of its convergent validity, PSCSE had a moderate correlation (r = 0.57) with the Assessment of the Safe Nursing Care (ASNC) scale. The correlation coefficient for test-retest was ICC = 0.92 for the whole instrument and 0.89, 0.89, and 0.92 for the domains of knowledge, attitude, and skill, respectively. The internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach's alpha) of the whole tool was 0.95 and 0.95, 0.79, and 0. 95 for the domains of knowledge, attitude, and skill, respectievly. Conclusion: Persian version of the nurses' competency tool in ensuring patient safety in psychiatric wards has acceptable psychometric characteristics. Keywords: Validity, Reliability, Confirmatory factor analysis, Patient safety competency, psychiatric nurse

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The Validation of the Hong Kong Chinese Version of the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale for Institutionalized Elderly Persons

OTJR Occupation Participation and Health ◽

10.1177/153944920202200402 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 132-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Angela Y.C. Tong ◽

David W.K. Man

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Factor Analysis ◽

Hong Kong ◽

Construct Validity ◽

Content Validity ◽

Daily Living ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Chinese Version ◽

Hong Kong Chinese ◽

Panel Review

The Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale is the assessment tool most commonly used by occupational therapists in Hong Kong. However, there has been no cross-cultural validation study of the Lawton IADL-Chinese Version (IADL-CV) scale as applied to Hong Kong's older adults. This was the first study of content validity, construct validity, and reliability of the Lawton IADL-CV. A total of 155 institutionalized older adults were recruited from three different hostels and one care-and-attention home by using a convenience sampling method. Expert panel review and pilot testing on the subjects established the linguistic and content validity of the Hong Kong Chinese version. The content of the scale, the scoring criteria, translation, and level of rating scale were examined. It was shown that all nine IADL items apart from “handyman work” were culturally relevant (more than 78% agreement). Nine items altogether had good representation in assessing the IADL ability of Hong Kong older adults (73% agreement). The scoring criteria were refined with reference to the local culture. Both panel review and the related psychometric properties supported the change of the level of rating scale from a three-point to a four-point scale. The inter-rater and test-retest reliability estimated by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) gave a value of 0.99 and 0.90, respectively. The Cronbach's alpha estimating the internal consistency was 0.86. In the study of the construct validity, the factor analysis and known-groups methods were used. The construct validity was examined by factor analysis of the Lawton IADL scores of 111 hostel subjects. The result showed that one factor was extracted from the nine items of the Lawton IADL-CV scale. The known-groups method was performed using the Lawton IADL-CV to separate 146 institutionalized subjects into their corresponding living institutions: hostel or care-and-attention home. An overall prediction ability of 78% was achieved so as to correctly discriminate between residents in the hostel and care-and-attention home. In conclusion, the Lawton IADL-CV scale is a valid and reliable instrument to assess the older adults' IADL ability to live independently in the community.

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PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF SPIRITUAL INDEX OF WELL-BEING AMONG FILIPINO WOMEN WITH BREAST CANCER

Belitung Nursing Journal ◽

10.33546/bnj.1167 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 177-181

Author(s):

Gil P Soriano

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Content Validity ◽

Well Being ◽

Mean Square ◽

Validity Index ◽

Filipino Women ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Fit Index

Background: Breast cancer patients need to be treated not only physically and emotionally but also spiritually. Hence, the assessment of the spirituality of patients is essential to provide holistic nursing care. However, there was no culturally valid and reliable instrument that measures spirituality among Filipino women with breast cancer.Objective: The study was conducted to determine the psychometric properties of the spiritual index of well-being among Filipino women with breast cancer.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was utilized in the study, and a sample of 170 Filipino women with breast cancer were included. The World Health Organization guidelines were used to translate the original instrument to Filipino, and content validity was computed using the Davis technique. Also, confirmatory factor analysis with maximum likelihood estimation was performed to assess the construct validity of the instrument. Cronbach’s α and item-total correlations were done to assess the internal consistency of the Filipino version of the spiritual index of well-being.Results: The Filipino version of the spiritual index of well-being had an item content validity index (I-CVI) ranging from 0.86 to 0.92 and a scale content validity index (S-CVI) of 0.95. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed factor loadings of 0.42 to 0.72. Also, the CFA model revealed a 𝜒2/df = 2.51, root mean square error of approximation= 0.074, comparative fit index= 0.091, goodness of fit index=0.98, Tucker-Lewis index= 0.93, incremental fit index= 0.91, and standard root mean square residual== 0.072.Conclusion: The Filipino version of the spiritual index of well-being was cross-culturally valid and reliable in measuring the spiritual index of well-being among Filipino women with breast cancer.

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The psychometric evaluation of the sense of belonging instrument (SOBI) with Iranian older adults

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-021-02115-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kelly-Ann Allen ◽

Gökmen Arslan ◽

Heather Craig ◽

Sedigheh Arefi ◽

Ameneh Yaghoobzadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Factor Analysis ◽

Sense Of Belonging ◽

Psychometric Evaluation ◽

Later Life ◽

Well Being ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Internal Reliability ◽

Persian Version ◽

Latent Structures

Abstract Background A sense of belonging is a significant predictor of mental health and well-being in later life. A sense of belonging in childhood and adolescence contributes to a number of adult behavioural and psychological outcomes. A high sense of belonging has been associated with better health, longevity, psychological well-being, and disease recovery. Methods In this study, the Persian version of the Sense of Belonging Instrument (SOBI) for older adults in Iran was evaluated psychometrically to develop an accurate measure for belonging. Participants in the study were 302 older adults, 60 years old and above, living independently in Iran and chosen through convenience sampling. Results An exploratory factor analysis indicated that the four-factor structure, which included 16 items, accounted for 54.12% of the total variance, and was characterized by strong factor loadings, with values ranging from .50 to .87. Thereafter, a confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the four-factor latent structure of the SOBI, providing adequate data-model fit statistics. All latent structures were characterized by adequate-to-strong latent construct (H) internal reliability (α) coefficients. Conclusions The Persian version of the SOBI is a useful tool in understanding older adult patients’ sense of belonging when living independently within the community. The implications for practice and research are discussed.

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Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE)

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-021-02337-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Omid Hatami ◽

Mahdi Aghabagheri ◽

Somayeh Kahdouei ◽

Khadijeh Nasiriani

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Content Validity ◽

The Elderly ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Persian Version ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Activity Scale ◽

Physical Activity Scale

Abstract Background Old age is associated with reduced physical ability. It is necessary to measure and evaluate the physical activity of older people. Implementing appropriate requires a valid and reliable tool. Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) is the frequently used self-reported physical activity assessment for older adults. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the translation validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly. Methods This study is a methodological, descriptive applied research was conducted on 300 older people. The translation process of the English version of PASE into Persian was carried out according to the process of translation and adaptation of scale recommended by the World Health Organization. The reliability of the scale was examined by calculating the Cronbach’s alpha, Pearson, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The reliability and validity of the scale were evaluated by following the “Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Status Measurement Instruments” (COSMIN) checklist. To assess the face and content validity, impact score (IS), the content validity ratio (CVR), and the content validity index (CVI) were determined. A confirmatory factor analysis was also performed. Results The experts approved the quality of the Persian version of PASE. The reliability was calculated with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.94, an ICC of 0.99, and a test-retest correlation coefficient of 0.94. The qualitative and quantitative face validity of all questions by expert judgment and IS of greater than 1.5 was considered. Also, CVR and CVI scores of all questions were higher than 0.6 and 0.79, respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a good fit for the original three-factor structure. Conclusions The Persian or Farsi version of PASE was shown to have acceptable validity and reliability. This tool is suitable for measuring the physical activity level in the Persian elderly language special in clinical environments and therapeutic interventions.

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