War and values: An empirical analysis

2016 ◽  
pp. 5-33
Author(s):  
A. Edachev ◽  
T. Natkhov ◽  
L. Polishchuk
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Civic Culture ◽  
Ceteris Paribus ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
War Experience

The paper considers the influence of war experience on the norms and values of the Great Patriotic War veterans and studies the intergenerational transmission of the values created by the war to the veterans’ descendants. The study conjectures that the war developed higher civic culture and fostered ability to collective action, altruism, and self-reliance. The war enlarged the “space of freedom” for its partici- pants, providing the new experiences of autonomy and grassroots self-organization and promoting the feelings of dignity and common belonging to the destiny of one’s native land. The paper shows that similar norms and values are, ceteris paribus, more common among the veterans’ (grand)children than among the other Russians.

The worker collectivity and Anglo-Saxon theories of collectivity

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egil J Skorstad ◽  
Jan C Karlsson
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Research Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
International Body

The Norwegian sociologist Sverre Lysgaard’s theory of the worker collectivity is virtually unknown outside Scandinavia. This article presents the basic principles of the theory and compares it to three British theories in the same research area of resistance at work: Stewart et al. on the collective worker and collectivism; Fox on the employee collectivity; and Ackroyd and Thompson on self-organization. The main aim in this article is to examine whether Lysgaard’s theory may have anything to contribute to the international body of theories on collectivity. It is concluded that it stands out as a more thorough analytical examination of the constitutional mechanisms supporting collective action when compared to the other theories discussed.

The Value of Information in the Hold-Up Problem

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Pfeiffer
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Information Structure ◽  
Value Of Information ◽  
The Other ◽  
Information Control ◽  
Ceteris Paribus ◽  
Head Office ◽  
Specific Investments ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Central Management

Abstract In the literature, the information structure of the hold-up problem is typically assumed to be exogenous. In this paper, we introduce an additional stage at which the head office may grant individual divisions access to an information system before they undertake their specific investments. Although more information ceteris paribus enhances each divisions’ profits, more information can reduce divisions’ investments and destroy synergies for the other division that would have been generated by the investments. If this negative effect dominates, then information can be harmful for the entire company. Hence, information control can be a subtle force to deal with the hold-up problem to a certain extent. In this paper we analyze those conditions under which information is either harmful or beneficial for central management.

scholarly journals Caputo Fractional Derivative and Quantum-Like Coherence

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
Garland Culbreth ◽  
Mauro Bologna ◽  
Bruce J. West ◽  
Paolo Grigolini
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Equation ◽  
Fractional Derivative ◽  
Anomalous Diffusion ◽  
Caputo Fractional Derivative ◽  
Quantum Coherence ◽  
Time Derivative ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diffusion Equations ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Ordinary Time

We study two forms of anomalous diffusion, one equivalent to replacing the ordinary time derivative of the standard diffusion equation with the Caputo fractional derivative, and the other equivalent to replacing the time independent diffusion coefficient of the standard diffusion equation with a monotonic time dependence. We discuss the joint use of these prescriptions, with a phenomenological method and a theoretical projection method, leading to two apparently different diffusion equations. We prove that the two diffusion equations are equivalent and design a time series that corresponds to the anomalous diffusion equation proposed. We discuss these results in the framework of the growing interest in fractional derivatives and the emergence of cognition in nature. We conclude that the Caputo fractional derivative is a signature of the connection between cognition and self-organization, a form of cognition emergence different from the other source of anomalous diffusion, which is closely related to quantum coherence. We propose a criterion to detect the action of self-organization even in the presence of significant quantum coherence. We argue that statistical analysis of data using diffusion entropy should help the analysis of physiological processes hosting both forms of deviation from ordinary scaling.

On the Relation Between Collective Responsibility and Collective Duties

Philosophy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-131
Author(s):  
Niels de Haan
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Collective Responsibility ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
Type Symmetry ◽  
Moral Demands

AbstractThere is good reason to think that moral responsibility as accountability is tied to the violation of moral demands. This lends intuitive support to Type-Symmetry in the collective realm: A type of responsibility entails the violation or unfulfillment of the same type of all-things-considered duty. For example, collective responsibility necessarily entails the violation of a collective duty. But Type-Symmetry is false. In this paper I argue that a non-agential group can be collectively responsible without thereby violating a collective duty. To show this I distinguish between four types of responsibility and duty in collective contexts: corporate, distributed, collective, shared. I set out two cases: one involves a non-reductive collective action that constitutes irreducible wrongdoing, the other involves a non-divisible consequence. I show that the violation of individual or shared duties both can lead to irreducible wrongdoing for which only the group is responsible. Finally, I explain why this conclusion does not upset any work on individual responsibility.

Reinventing the Concept of Civic Culture

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Lichterman
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Voluntary Associations ◽  
Civic Culture ◽  
Social Movement Organizations ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Religious Associations ◽  
Movement Organizations

This article proposes a new and better concept of civic culture and shows how it can benefit sociology. It argues that a better concept of civic culture gives us a stronger, comparative, and contextual perspective on voluntary associations—the conventional American empirical referent for “civic”—while also improving our sociologies of religion and social movements. The article first considers the classic perspective on civic culture and its current incarnations in order to show why we need better conceptual groundwork than they have offered. It then introduces the alternative approach, which is rooted in a pragmatist understanding of collective action and both builds on and departs in some ways from newly prominent understandings of culture in sociology. This approach’s virtues are illustrated with ethnographic examples from a variety of volunteer groups, social movement organizations, and religious associations.

scholarly journals Memorial Book of the Chechen Republic

2011 ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Zarema H. Ibragimova
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Working Out

On the history of the Memorial Book of the Chechen Republic as compared with preparation and publication of similar books in the other country’s regions. Working out of historical and documentary sources and present them a wide public in the long term reconstruction of historical events of the Great Patriotic War is actual.

scholarly journals Liberalism, Governmentality and Counter-Conduct; An Introduction to Foucauldian Analytics of Liberal Civil Society Notions

2015 ◽  
pp. 8-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miikka Pyykkönen
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Potential Field ◽  
Political Action ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coercive Power ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

This article gives an analysis of Foucault’s studies of civil society and the various liberalist critiques of government. It follows from Foucault’s genealogical approach that “civil society” does not in itself possess any form of transcendental existence; its historical reality must be seen as the result of the productive nature of the power-knowledge-matrices. Foucault emphasizes that modern governmentality—and more specifically the procedures he names “the conduct of conduct”—is not exercised through coercive power and domination, but is dependent on the freedom and activeness of individuals and groups of society. Civil society is thus analyzed as fundamentally ambivalent: on the one hand civil society is a field where different kinds of technologies of governance meet the lives and wills of groups and individuals, but on the other hand it is a potential field of what Foucault called ‘counter-conduct’ – for both collective action and individual political action.

scholarly journals This Is My World: A Submariner’s Battlefield Diary

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yekaterina Postnikova ◽  
Viktoriya Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Personal History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army

Battlefield diaries written by simple soldiers and seamen are unique, rare, and practically uncensored sources of war anthropology. The authors combine the comparative historical method of literary criticism with source analysis, which enables them to consider the Great Patriotic War from the point of view of personal history and reveal the peculiarities of wartime ego-documents. The authors refer to the battlefield diary of G. I. Sennikov, a submariner of the Northern Fleet, written between 1943 and 1946. The diary combines the genres of a diary and an ego-document. The peculiarity of the text is the fact that it combines the functions of a battlefield diary (keeping the author’s memories, having a therapeutic effect, etc.) and those of the individualisation process which helps the author to construct and preserve their own personality (self-identification, self-expression, philosophical, analytical, and vicarious functions, etc.) in the extreme conditions of war (from Murmansk between 1943 and 1944 to Crimea between 1944 and 1946). The autobiographic narrative bears the typical features of a diary, reflecting the development of a young Red Army sailor, i. e. severe selfcriticism, the “other” individuality which the author painfully becomes aware of, a frank and quite often uncomplimentary analysis of situations related to sexual relations. Additionally, the diary reflects the crucial stages in the sailor’s personal growth. The author of the diary builds a world of his own and works out his own ethical code; also, he creates a life plan and sets goals for himself.

scholarly journals FEMALE VOICES IN NEPALI NOVELS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 216-223
Author(s):  
Ashok Thapa ◽  
Sushil Rajbhandari
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Democratic Socialism ◽  
Psychological Issues ◽  
Societal Norms ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Communist Ideology ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Political Spectrum

The female characters created by BP Koirala and Pradip Nepal in Narendra Dai and Swapnil Shahar respectively have been compared and contrasted in this paper. Although Koirala and Nepal represent two poles of the Nepalese political spectrum, with Koirala pursuing democratic socialism doctrine and Nepal following communist ideology, the characters they create in their novels do not completely reflect the political schooling of their creators. The female characters in both the novels share some common traits of characters which most of the women in the Nepalese society, even today, exude, such as compassion, sacrifice, and docility. However, these female characters also display enough courage to rebel against the prevalent patriarchal dominance. The plot of Nepal’s novel is considerably politically colored, and thus the female characters in his novel discuss progressive ideas and even act accordingly. Koirala’s novel on the other hand deals more with socio-psychological issues and these conditions the dispositions of his characters. Nevertheless, his female characters too display rebellious traits and speak back to the patriarchal hegemony both through words and actions. As compared to Nepal, however, Koirala seems to have better succeeded in creating well-rounded female characters that not only abide by the then societal norms and values but also display mutiny against unjust treatment.

scholarly journals Образ материнской любви в фильме Трясина Григория Чухрая*

2018 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
Shino Maeda
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Public ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Female Image ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
The Military

Image of maternal love in Grigory Chukhray’s The QuagmireMemories of the Great Patriotic War contributed to the making of a national identity in Soviet Russia, and clear gender roles are evident in Soviet propaganda war art. The image of male soldiers demonstrates the obligation to defend the fatherland against the outside enemy. On the other hand, there are images of a mother cheering for her son or a mother lamenting over a fallen soldier. It is clear that the female image belongs to the reproductive function of motherhood. The establishment presents an ideal and urges the public to internalize it by themselves. Grigory Chukhray’s film The Quagmire’s 1977 mother, however, hides her young son, who was conscripted to the front. The  film casts doubt on the Soviet war myth and asks “Why do mothers have to be reconciled to lose their sons in order to defend the fatherland?” That’s why the military purged the film from the screen. Obraz miłości macierzyńskiej w filmie Grigorija Czuchraja TrzęsawiskoWspomnienia i obrazy Wielkiej Wojny Ojczyźnianej odegrały ważną rolę w kształtowaniu tożsamości obywateli Rosji Radzieckiej. W sowieckiej propagandzie wojennej wyraźnie widać hierarchię genderową. Wizerunek żołnierza mężczyzny odnosi się do obowiązku obrony ojczyzny przed zewnętrznym wrogiem. Natomiast wizerunek matki wiwatującej na cześć zwycięstwa syna lub rodzicielki lamentującej nad poległym żołnierzem kojarzony jest z macierzyństwem. Film Grigorija Czuchraja Trzęsawisko Трясина opowiada historię matki ukrywającej powołanego do wojska i wezwanego na front syna. Film, który wkrótce po premierze wycofano z  dystrybucji, stawia pytania dotyczące funkcjonowania radzieckich mitów wojennych oraz sytuacji kobiet, które nie chcą się pogodzić ze śmiercią swych synów broniących ojczyzny.

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