Analysis of tax-spend nexus for Russian regional budgets

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-29
Author(s):  
Evsey T. Gurvich ◽  
Natalia A. Krasnopeeva

We study the tax-spend nexus for Russian regional budgets. Causal relationship running from taxing to spending is found, thus supporting the concept “tax and spend” suggested by M. Friedman. Next, elasticity of expenditure by revenue is estimated for a panel of 80 regional budgets basing on data for 2000—2017. Estimates are in the range of 0.72 to 0.78 (depending on the econometric technique), which exceeds elasticity for the federal budget more than twice. This evidences that fiscal policy at the sub-federal (as distinct from the federal) level has clear pro-cyclical nature. Besides, the largest sensitivity of expenditure to revenue shocks is found for the item “national economy”, implying marked adverse implications for economic growth. We suggest to mitigate this effect by modifying fiscal rules for sub-federal budgets. They are currently aimed primarily at enhancing fiscal discipline, with less emphasis on countercyclical policy, insulating economy from fiscal shocks.

2020 ◽  
Vol 254 ◽  
pp. R54-R66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Dullien ◽  
Sabine Stephan ◽  
Thomas Theobald

Under the Trump administration, a transatlantic trade conflict has been escalating step by step. First, it was about tariffs on steel and aluminium, then about retaliation for the French digital tax, which is suspended until the end of the year. Most recently, the US administration threatened the European Union with tariffs on cars and car parts because of Canadian seafood being subject to lower import duties. As simulations with NiGEM show, a further escalation of the transatlantic trade conflict has the potential to slow down economic growth significantly in the countries involved. This is a considerable risk given the fact that the countries have to cope with the enormous negative effects of the pandemic shock. Furthermore, the damage caused by the trade conflict depends on the extent to which the affected countries use fiscal policy to stabilise their economies.


2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Burange ◽  
Rucha R. Ranadive ◽  
Neha N. Karnik

The article analyses a causal relationship between trade openness and economic growth for the member countries of BRICS by using an econometric technique of time series analysis. Member countries of BRICS adopted a series of liberalization reforms, almost simultaneously, from the late 1980s. The article attempts to study the impact of trade openness on their growth in GDP per capita. It captures structural composition of GDP and openness of trade in four aspects, that is, merchandise exports, merchandise imports, services export and services import. In India, the study found growth-led trade in services hypothesis. The article supports the growth-led export and growth-led import hypothesis for China and export- and import-led growth for South Africa. However, no causal relationship was evident for Brazil and Russia. JEL Codes: F43, C22


2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (03) ◽  
pp. 1450024 ◽  
Author(s):  
NGEE CHOON CHIA

This paper examines Singapore's fiscal position and its unique way of financing targeted welfare programs. We examine how reserves are accumulated through fiscal discipline during times of phenomenal economic growth in Singapore and when Singapore was enjoying demographic dividend. The existence of the large accumulated reserves has resulted in particular features of the Singapore's budgetary process, such as fiscal rules, which govern the utilization of revenues from the reserves. Innovative budget implementation, such as Block Budgeting, has helped Singapore to ensure fiscal sustainability. The accumulation of reserves throughout its economic history has afforded Singapore a unique way to fund social protection through special transfers and funds, without having to raise taxes.


Author(s):  
Osama El-Baz

Financial cycles have become vividly tracked and analyzed by regulatory authorities to avoid the buildup of excessive systemic risks in the financial system that could hamper economic growth. However, fiscal policy usually pays an exclusive attention to business cycles; which might leave fiscal outcomes vulnerable to financial sector dynamics. We investigated financial and business cycles in Saudi Arabia over the period (1970Q1- 2016Q4). The results of the BBQ cycle dating algorithm revealed that the duration of financial upturns (downturns) are longer than that for economic expansions (contractions) in means, also both the amplitude and the slope for upturns (downturns) are higher than those for expansions (contractions) in means. Moreover, financial cycle episodes are more frequent than business cycle episodes. Finally, we found empirical evidence that financial (credit) conditions are crucial for economic stability. Fiscal policy can play an important role in fostering economic growth going forward through the implementation of a countercyclical policy that allows for the accumulation of fiscal buffers and releasing them during periods of an economic slowdown, the setup of early warning systems for business and financial cycles, and the introduction of fiscal rules to limit the scope for a procyclical fiscal stance.


2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmi Hamdi ◽  
Rashid Sbia

This paper studies the dynamic relationships between government revenues, government expenditures and economic growth in Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece and Spain (PIIGS henceforth). To this end we use a multivariate econometric model based on the Toda-Yamamoto (1995) procedure. Our empirical results reveal a bidirectional relationship between government revenues and government expenditures in Portugal only. Greece is the only county in which government expenditures Granger cause government revenues. Therefore, there is no evidence for spend-and-tax hypothesis for three countries of our sample. For Italy there is a unique unidirectional relationship running from government revenues to GDP while a unique unidirectional relationship was found running from government revenues to government expenditures for Ireland. Results for Spain show a double bidirectional relationships running from government revenues to GDP and from government expenditures to GDP. Moreover, there exists a unidirectional causal relationship between government revenues and government expenditures. Again, there is no evidence for tax-and-spend hypothesis for three countries of our sample.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faruk Hadžić ◽  
◽  
Nebojša Savanović ◽  

The paper investigates the impact of fiscal policy on economic growth, foreign direct investment and employment in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The focus of research is fiscal policy, which as a lever of economic policy that affects economic growth and development. The aim of the research is to determine the impact of fiscal policy on the economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina and propose solutions for higher growth and development, a higher degree of foreign direct investment and reducing the unemployment rate. The results of the research show that the fiscal policy for the years that are the subject of the research, has affected the public debt of the state. High taxes and contributions have contributed to the spread of the gray economy, fiscal discipline is at a low level due to the management in this way of this lever of economic policy. Public financial management should be one of the key macroeconomic goals, with special emphasis on fiscal policy. The research went in the direction of analyzing current trends and proposals for improving the situation. The research aims to show the current statistical impact of variables on gross domestic product, on growth and development and the impact after the application of expansionary fiscal policy on the same variables. It is recommended that economic policy be conducted in the direction of releasing additional funds through the redistribution of taxes in favor of workers, in the direction of capital investments that will repay themselves, to reduce the rate of taxes and contributions on wages and with incentives for investors, to go towards stimulating production and tax reliefs for export-oriented activities with an effort to try to produce products whose production is possible in our conditions, and all this is mostly possible with the implementation of an expansive fiscal policy.


2020 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Elena Yu. Sokolova ◽  

For several years, there has been a considerable interest in the development of regions and their contribution to the national economy, both in Russia and in foreign countries. The regions are characterized by uneven economic development and the amount of taxes and fees going to the Federal budget. Moreover, in Russia, this unevenness in regional development is particularly strong, which is facilitated by tax policy that affects the reduction of regional tax independence and does not encourage the regions to develop their income base. The task of achieving a balance between donor and recipient regions, reducing the number of subsidized regions, and creating incentives to increase their incomes and economic growth is one of the most actual problems of Russian economic policy.


2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph A. Schaltegger ◽  
Martin Weder

AbstractThis paper examines the stabilizing effects of Swiss fiscal policy. First, we find that the federation adopted a countercyclical fiscal policy in approximately 60% of all periods observed. During recessions, fiscal policy was always countercyclical and therefore helped to stabilize the economy. In case of the cantons, fiscal policy was countercyclical in 55% of all recessions. In recent years, there has been a trend for both the federation and the cantons toward stronger stabilization. Second, the two stabilizing instruments of fiscal policy, automatic stabilizers and discretionary fiscal policy are compared with each other. Over the last 50 years, automatic stabilizers have been expanded continuously, particularly on the federal level. We find that the impulse of automatic stabilizers is about twice as large as the one of discretionary fiscal policy. Third, macroeconomic effects of Switzerland’s fiscal policy during recessions are examined. Automatic stabilizers have been particularly effective in the cantons whereas the effects of discretionary fiscal policy on economic growth have tended to be weaker.


2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Ryta Iwona Dziemianowicz ◽  
Aneta Kargol-Wasiluk

Due to the rapid increase of the budget deficit and public debt in many the EU countries after 2008, fiscal policy has faced a significant challenge for developing an appropriate tools to strengthen fiscal discipline and thereby improve the quality of public finance. Institutional mechanisms such as among others numerical fiscal rules play an important role in maintaining the fiscal discipline and support fiscal credibility of the state. Fiscal rules are most often defined as permanent constraints on fiscal policy, expressed by indicators introducing a limit for a particular fiscal aggregate, such as a budget deficit (real or structural), public debt, public expenditure or public revenue. The theoretical objective of the article is to analyze the institutional dimension of numerical fiscal rules (their type, legal basis, transparency, complexity, flexibility, adequacy and coherence). The empirical purpose, on the other hand, is to conduct a statistical analysis and to examine the relationship between the value of the fiscal rules index and the level of budget deficit and public debt in 28 Member States of the European Union. Examining the effectiveness of applied fiscal rules, at both European and national level seems to be the most valuable part of the analysis.


Author(s):  
Serhii Sobchuk

Relevance of the research topic. The search for new sources of economic growth at the stage of post-crisis development of the national economy determines the need for the development and implementation of an effective budget policy, since the financial system dysfunctions generated by the trends of financial globalization negatively affect the economic environment of the country. The change in the type of economic growth constitutes the necessity of modifying the budget regulation towards its proactive changes, which include transparency, effective tax incentives and increased availability of financial resources by improving existing methods and methods for implementing fiscal policy and improving the quality of the institutional environment. Formulation of the problem. Budgetary regulation needs to take into account the optimal balance between elements of the budget system and characteristics of cyclic economic development. This indicates the appropriateness of forming an institutional environment of fiscal policy, which should be aimed at ensuring the sustainable development of the national economy, promoting economic competitiveness, ensuring financial stability, effective protection of the domestic market and export support, infrastructure modernization, ensuring environmental protection, optimizing social protection of the population. and increasing its level and targeting. Analysis of recent research and publications. The work of foreign and domestic scholars such as A. Mazaraki [1], L. Lisyak [2], D. North [3], V. Makogon [4], M. Pasichnogo [5], I. Chugunova [6], S. Blankart, A. Smith, J. M. Keynes, A. Gritsenko, I. Zapatrina, I. Lukyanenko, I. Lyutoha, V. Fedosova, S. Yurii and others, are devoted to studying the institutional principles of fiscal policy making in the country and to improve the system of budgetary regulation of social development. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. Institutional transformation of fiscal policy is an effective tool for increasing the level of interaction between all members of budget relations. It is necessary to strengthen their coordination in achieving the goals of social development in the process of performing functions and tasks, in accordance with the strategic goals of the domestic economy. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. The objective of the study is to characterize the institutional environment of the state budget policy. The purpose of the study is to reveal the theoretical and methodological foundations for the formation of the institutional environment of budgetary regulation of social development and to identify the directions of its improvement. Method or methodology for conducting research. The article uses a set of methods and approaches of scientific knowledge, among which it should be noted: systematic, structural, generalization and scientific abstraction. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The peculiarities of formation of the institutional environment of budget regulation of social development are determined. The directions of increasing the institutional interaction of the components of the budget system in the conditions of the transformation of the economy are singled out. The main elements of the budget architectonics are described to achieve a balanced and sustainable socio-economic development of the state. The field of application of results. Organization and conducting of scientific researches on formation of institutional principles of the budget policy of the country. Conclusions according to the article. In order to ensure sustainable economic growth, it is expedient to determine the basic principles of forming an institutional environment for budget regulation of social development, consisting of combining the components of the adaptive institutional architecture of the budgetary system and instruments of fiscal regulation, optimizing the structure of budget revenues and expenditures, the system of intergovernmental fiscal relations and medium-term budget planning, and forecasting on the basis of establishing the relationship between the trends of financial globalization and priorities state financial policy, taking into account the volatility of the economy and the lagged effects will promote sustainable economic growth.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document