Funding of science: A comparison of approaches and outcomes in Russia and Germany

2021 ◽  
pp. 147-160
Author(s):  
L. I. Tsedilin
Keyword(s):  
Export Performance ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Productive Force ◽  
Science Funding ◽  
German Model ◽  
The Military ◽  
D Investment ◽  
Russian Model

Russia and Germany use fundamentally different models of science funding. Russian government has inherited planning and distribution system’s principles in this sphere, when the development of the military-industrial complex was an absolute priority. The modern Russian model of R&D financing is also characterized by the predominance of the state research funding and insignificant business participation in R&D investment. The German model of science financing with the predominance of the business sector in the structure of investment in science shows more significant results and contributes more to the transformation of science into a real productive force. These fundamental differences directly affect the export performance of high-tech products (in Germany it is 20 times higher). The comparison of approaches to R&D financing and the results of their application lead to the conclusion that it is necessary to reform the Russian model of financing usage.

The aspects of the innovation of the military-industrial complex and its significance for the national security of Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Irina Orlova ◽  
Artem Sukharev ◽  
Maria Sukhareva ◽  
Mikhail Deikun
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Defense Industry ◽  
World Market ◽  
Modern World ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Military Industrial Complex ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Military

The main objective of the article is to substantiate a systematic approach to the introduction of all types of innovations in the development of the military-industrial complex of the Russian Federation. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that in the modern world it is especially important to ensure the national security of the country and the defense industry plays a crucial role in this. At the same time, one cannot but note the importance of the defense industry in the production of high-tech civilian products and dual-use products, which enhances the country's competitiveness in the world market. In addition, the relevance of the topic is due to the presence of rather serious problems in the Russian defense industry, which require immediate resolution. The article uses the methodology of structurally functional analysis, the institutional approach and the method of comparative assessments. The authors conclude that technological innovation alone will not be able to achieve strategic results for ensuring national security, only in conjunction with organizational, product, social and marketing innovations, the domestic defense industry is able to solve its tasks.

scholarly journals The Role of a Region in the Implementation of Innovative Projects for Non-Defence High-Technology Production

2020 ◽  
pp. 477-486
Author(s):  
Iurii V. Erygin ◽  
Elena V. Borisova
Keyword(s):  
Innovation System ◽  
High Technology ◽  
International Markets ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
Military Industrial Complex ◽  
Innovation Infrastructure ◽  
The Military

The article discusses the problems of involving the innovative potential of enterprises of the military-industrial complex in the implementation of innovative projects for the non-defence high-technology production, as well as determining the role and place of the regional innovation infrastructure in their implementation. The aim of the study is to justify the role of a region in the implementation of innovative projects for the non-defence high-technology production, to determine features and formulate requirements for the development of the regional innovation infrastructure that provides support for these innovative projects based on the interaction of the regional innovation system enterprises with the military-industrial complex and infrastructure facilities at the national and international levels. As a result of the study, the authors highlighted the most important areas of interaction between the enterprises of the military-industrial complex and the region’s innovative infrastructure facilities (raising funds, promoting high-tech civilian products to national and international markets, etc.) and formulated the requirements for its formation. The results of the study can be used in managing the innovative development of the regions where high-tech enterprises of the militaryindustrial complex are located

Innovative production of dual-use goods and technologies by high-tech enterprises of the military-industrial complex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Ponomareva ◽  
◽  
S.A. Khachaturyan ◽  
V.S. Kuruzova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Military Industrial Complex ◽  
The Military

В монографии рассмотрены отдельные инновационные аспекты производства товаров и технологий двойного назначения высокотехнологичными предприятиями оборонно-промышленного комплекса России. Акселерометры и гироскопы, в настоящий период времени, используются как при производстве продукции военного назначения, так и для производства роторно-управляемых систем в крупных компаниях нефтегазового комплекса. Основной целью производства товаров и технологий двойного назначения является конкурентоспособность отечественных высокотехнологичных предприятий ОПК и импортозамещение готовых продуктов для нефтегазового комплекса. Научные выводы авторов монографии подкреплены математическими моделями и испытаниями проведёнными при помощи современных программных продуктов, которые помогают отечественным учёным решать сложные математические и технические задачи. Исследования, представленные в монографии, будут полезны аспирантам, магистрантам, преподавателям и научным сотрудникам.

scholarly journals Methods, procedures and tools for diversification of enterprises and organizations of the Russian defense industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-53
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Mishin ◽  
N. B. Kosterev ◽  
V. B. Sukharev ◽  
A. Yu. Mishin
Keyword(s):  
Action Plan ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Defense Industry ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
The Military

Purpose: the work covers the issues of organizational, methodological and instrumental support of the processes of diversification of organizations and enterprises of the Russian defense industry complex. Based on an analysis of the reasons for the low efficiency of federal targeted programs for the conversion of enterprises and the organization of the military-industrial complex in 1993-1997, proposals for its improvement were formulated.Methods: the methodological basis of the approach considered in the article is to assess the effectiveness of diversification, including both parameters of the use of production capacity and the main results of the production activities of economic entities.Results: the article proposed and justified: 1) the principles of diversification of enterprises and defense industry organizations; 2) tools for assessing the economic consequences, based on justifying calculations of the use of production capacity, determining the need for resources, the volume of capital investments and production areas; 3) action plan (“roadmap”) for the development and production of high-tech civilian products.Conclusions and Relevance: Diversification of enterprises and organizations of the defense-industrial complex of the Russian Federation in most cases (except for dual-use products) requires an investment of a considerable amount of funds. In order to ensure the minimization of the resources required for its fulfillment (amount of capital investments, production space and labor force), the use of the production potential load factor is proposed as a criterion for evaluation of conversion efficiency of military production. 

Eisenhower versus the Spin-off Story: Did the Rise of the Military–Industrial Complex Hurt or Help America's Commercial Aircraft Industry?

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-95
Author(s):  
Eugene Gholz
Keyword(s):  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Commercial Aircraft ◽  
Military Industrial Complex ◽  
Commercial Markets ◽  
American Research ◽  
Contemporary Development ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Benefits And Costs

In his Farewell Address, President Eisenhower warned that the military-industrial complex (MIC) threatened to dominate American research, crowding out commercial innovation. Ironically, a number of analysts point to spin-off benefits of the 1950s' military effort as a crucial source of American high-tech competitiveness, often citing the key example of the relationship between military jet aircraft and the Boeing's 707. But the huge military investment in jet aviation had both benefits and costs for the commercial industry. This article compares the development of the Boeing 707 and its relationship to military projects like the KC-135 tanker to the contemporary development of commercial jet aircraft by other companies that were also integral parts of the military-industrial complex (MIC), including Douglas Aircraft and its commercial DC-8 and Convair and its commercial 880 and 990. Using evidence from archives, interviews with retired company executives, contemporary trade press, and academic studies, the article concludes that membership in the MIC did not offer firms a leg up in commercial markets. President Eisenhower was generally right about the costs of the military effort, but military spending remained low enough to allow commercial industry to thrive in parallel to the defense industry.

scholarly journals Mechanism of implementation of public-private partnership at the enterprises of the military-industrial complex

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 412-419
Author(s):  
I. V. Kazmina ◽  
E. A. Titova
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
The State ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Military Industrial Complex ◽  
Economic Interaction ◽  
The Military

The article deals with the features of organizational and economic interaction between the state and business in the defense industry. Using the results of research, the mechanism of implementation of public-private partnership at the enterprises of the military-industrial complex in the creation of joint ventures for the production of new models of weapons and military equipment, which is based on a set of organizational structures and specific forms, tools, tools and methods of management, through which the public-private partnership in the military-industrial complex. The main reasons for the need to implement public-private partnership in the military-industrial complex are identified. These reasons will contribute to the withdrawal of the state from the organizational and technological method of management of the military-industrial complex and the introduction of appropriate mechanisms for the implementation of public-private partnership in order to develop and create new high-tech military equipment of the new generation. The article proves that public-private partnership is one of the tools of effective defense policy. At the same time, in the period of budget deficit in the Russian Federation, such a mechanism becomes an outlet for solving important tasks in the field of defense. Having received a certain distribution in the military-industrial complex, public-private partnership has already established itself as one of the effective ways to attract business to the implementation of projects in the field of military-industrial complex..

scholarly journals DIRECTIONS OF THE TRANSITION OF THE MILITARY-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX AND THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE TO THE "GREEN" MODEL OF DEVELOPMENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2(64)) ◽  
pp. 147-156
Author(s):  
L.E. Kupinets ◽  
T.S. Obniavko
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Green Technologies ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Military Industrial Complex ◽  
Green Model ◽  
The Military

The place of Ukraine's territory and its military-economic potential in the accumulation in the European region of a large number of troops, naval forces, military equipment and armaments, powerful enterprises, institutions and organizations of defense purposes, which have a negative impact on the environment are determined; �ontaminated and continues to be contaminated the main components of the environment: soil, surface and groundwater, atmosphere air. The basic principles of internal policy in the field of national security and defense are indicated. The transition of the military-industrial complex and the Armed Forces of Ukraine to the "green" model of development is substantiated. The role of the military-industrial complex in the environmental pollution is proved. It is shown that the domestic defense industry has some scientific, technical and production capabilities to create competitive armament and military equipment, but significantly behind in the implementation of environmental standards and ecology-oriented technology and is not a leader in the new global transition to the "green" economy and the "green" growth. It is proved that in the course of reforming the military-industrial complex, its reconversion, the destruction of outdated ammunition, wastes of military production and military products, and in the event of non-compliance with environmental requirements, should expect the deterioration of the ecological state of the territory. Considered the main innovational directions, which provide an increase of the degree of ecologization of the military economy and form a technological "green" jump in the specified sphere of activity: introduction of alternative types of energy into the activities of defense enterprises and army units; creation of weapons based on "green" technologies, using of "smart" clothing. Substantiated the prospects of further researches, which consists in defining the goals, objectives, principles, directions and approaches of ecologization of the military-industrial complex and the Armed Forces of Ukraine, assessment and classification of eco-friendly technologies, development of high-tech competitive industries, rational re-engineering of the military-industrial complex, development of mechanisms and tools for the ecologically oriented development and transition to the "green" technological model.

scholarly journals DIVERSIFICATION OF PRODUCTION AT THE ENTERPRISE OF THE MILITARY-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-103
Author(s):  
I. V. Tsomaeva ◽  
V. A. Bazhanov ◽  
A. A. Kiseleva
Keyword(s):  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Product Range ◽  
Military Industrial Complex ◽  
Business Units ◽  
Economic Zones ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Entire Economy

As you know, the diversification of production in the military-industrial complex is called one of the key strategic national tasks, the solution of which directly affects both the development of the complex and the entire economy of Russia and, most importantly, ensuring the country’s defense and security in the long term. The article examines the current problems of diversification of production using the example of a specific defense enterprise in the Altai Territory. In order to implement it and increase efficiency, it is proposed to use an approach based on the well-known concept of strategic economic zones and strategic business units. It is shown how their allocation at the enterprise allows to reduce strategic vulnerability, increase the level of profitability, competitiveness of civilian high-tech products, and reduce the impact of risks. The possibilities of using this concept to solve the problems of diversification of production of a defense enterprise are shown. It is argued that the application of the proposed method of diversification will allow the defense enterprise to control the types of activities and the product range, motivates the maximum possible expansion of this and that through innovation both in the types of activities and in the product range, and the cessation of production of those which do not fit into the development prospects of the enterprise.

Implementation Flight-Modeling Complex and the Choice of Flying Laboratory in Order to Reduce the Costs of Testing Aviation Equipment

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Владимир Дадонов ◽  
Vladimir Dadonov ◽  
Ольга Юсуфова ◽  
Ol'ga Yusufova ◽  
Екатерина Петрова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flight Test ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Model Complexes ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Military

In the face of growing competition in high-tech products, the feasibility of introducing product and technological innovations into Russian enterprises is revealed. The article conducted a study of the Russian and foreign markets. The analysis of the state program of development of the military-industrial complex and the aviation industry. The main stages of development and production of further aviation aircraft are given. The scheme of testing new equipment and aircraft weapons was considered. The article determines the feasibility of using flight-model complexes for conducting summer tests of aircraft units and assemblies, its composition and main tasks. Based on the analysis of current flight test methods, the determining factors for the choice of a flying laboratory were identified in order to reduce the cost of conducting tests of aircraft equipment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document