PROBLEMS OF CHOOSING THE RUSSIAN MODEL DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOCIAL STATE

Статья посвящена изучению проблем российской модели социального государства и его развития. На сегодняшний день выбор правильной стратегии социальной политики является важнейшей задачей для ряда государств, поскольку ошибки в этой сфере деятельности государства могут привести к социальным волнениям не только в кризисные, но и в стабильные периоды. Есть потребность в комплексном рассмотрении проблемы и выявлении тенденций в данной сфере. Россия на конституционном уровне провозглашает себя социальным государством, но в то же время с определенной периодичностью мы сталкиваемся с решениями государственных органов, которые можно считать спорными с точки зрения положений Конституции РФ о социальном государстве. В связи с вышесказанным, мы приходим к выводу, что российскому законодательству в виде правовых норм различного уровня необходимо выработать единую социальную стратегию, которая должна соответствовать ряду критериев. Среди них важно выделить: четкость и конкретность желаемых результатов, реалистичность задач и их важность для общества, сроки их достижения. Следует также отметить необходимость привлечения к разработке целей, показателей эффективности концепции, мер социальных гарантий представителей различных общественных наук. The article is devoted to the study of the problems of the Russian model of the social state and its development. To this date, the choice of the right strategy of social policy is the most important task for a number of states, because mistakes in this area of state activity can lead to social unrest not only in crisis periods, but also in stable periods. There is a need for a comprehensive review of the problem and identification of trends in this area. Russia at the constitutional level proclaims itself a social state, but at the same time with a certain periodicity we are faced with decisions of state bodies which can be considered disputable from the point of view of provisions of the Russian Federation Constitution on a social state. In connection with the above, we come to the conclusion that the Russian legislation in the form of legal norms of different levels needs to develop a unified social strategy, which must meet a number of criteria. Among them it is important to highlight: the clarity and specificity of the desired results, the realism of objectives and their importance for society, the timing of their achievement. And in the development of goals, performance indicators of the concept, measures of social guarantees it is necessary to involve representatives of various social sciences.

Categories “Process” and “Procedures” in the Works of the Classics of Russian Administrative Law: Concept, Relevance and Modernity of the Model

Research topics related to concepts such as “process”, “procedures”, “administrative process” remain the most controversial, and, therefore, relevant. Unfortunately, not many scientists are ready to take part in the creation of a modern theory of the administrative process, the development of unified approaches to its terminology, the formation of a unified Russian model of the administrative process. At the same time, knowledge of the works of recognized classics of Russian procedural law is very important and timely. This article attempts to analyze individual works of the classics of Russian administrative procedural law, who stood at the origins of its creation, to compare their position and draw their own conclusions. The excerpts are given and the positions on the subject and essence of the concepts o process, procedure, stages of such scientists as B. M. Lazarev, V. D. Sorokin, N. G. Salishcheva and some others are demonstrated. The purpose of the work was to prove that the ideas of the scientists who stood at the origins of the Russian administrative procedural law are not only alive, they are relevant and should be relied on in order to: 1) develop unified approaches to the terminology of the administrative process, 2) create a unified modern model of the administrative process. The tasks correspond to the purpose of the study and are aimed at understanding the works of recognized classics of Russian procedural law, popularizing their works, ideas, developments, etc. and highlight the signs of the concepts under study. The applied methods made it possible to individualize the essence of the approaches of the classics of Russian administrative procedural law to the concepts of “process”, “procedure”, “administrative process”, develop their own position, give an author's definition and draw other conclusions corresponding to the study.

Modern Problems of Building the Russian Model of the Administrative Process: A Review of the All-Russian Scientific-Practical Conference

The review contains the abstracts of the participants of the All-Russian scientific-practical conference “Modern problems of building the Russian model of the administrative process”, held on June 4, 2021 at the Siberian Law University (Omsk) and being the next stage in the development of the discussion of domestic administrative law scholars about the current model of the Russian administrative process, its concept, types,volume and structure, directions for improving the administrative procedural legislation, based on the standards of a legal state and taking into account the experience of foreign countries. Despite the difference in approaches to understanding the administrative process, the theoretical construction of its model, the conference participants expressed a common opinion about the urgent need to develop and adopt legislative acts that ensure an appropriate level of proceduralization of administrative activities and, accordingly, reliable protection of the rights and legitimate interests of citizens and organizations in the field of their relationship with the public administration.

Legal Regulation of Unmanned Vehicles: Foreign and Russian Experience

The main purpose of this article is to analyze the legal regulation of unmanned vehicles in the world and in Russia. The methodology is founded on various methods and logical techniques of information processing. The principle method is that of analysis: comparative-legal, structural-functional, and formal-legal. The article highlights the growing interest in self-driving vehicles and autonomous control systems in general, as well as the main advantages of using such technologies. It is determined that there is a constant building of capacity within the framework of information systems and technologies, an active search for labor resources, and a constant training of new personnel to expand the segment of autonomous management systems. The article discusses the intention of legislators from a number of states to develop a regulatory framework aimed at ensuring the testing of unmanned vehicles and their access to public roads, as well as the creation of entire networks of unmanned vehicles that can relieve the transport system and improve the economic and environmental well-being of the population. Within the framework of Russian realities, various government initiatives, initiatives of the President of the Russian Federation, and attempts to regulate unmanned vehicles at the legislative level are being considered. The authors have concluded that the issue of unmanned vehicle use, as well as the legal regulation of such vehicle use is on the agenda of many states. Russias achievements in the framework of the issue are highlighted separately. The question of the emergence of two models for the development of legal regulation of unmanned vehicles is raised: the Russian model and that (those) of other countries.

Comparative analysis of anthropogenic impact levels and payments for natural resource use in the Russian model areas

An assessment of the effectiveness of the existing system of paid nature natural resource usage in terms of the effect of reducing the negative impact on the environment by nature users is considered. The theory and practice of the effectiveness of environmental investment, as well as environmental management fees, were used as the basis of the methodology. The basis of the methodological tools consists of calculation and analytical, comparative methods, methods of system and structural analysis. The model territories of the ecological rating of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are determined, the degree of anthropogenic impact is estimated on the basis of specific pollution indicators, the analysis of environmental investment features in the selected territories is carried out, the need for improving environmental policy is proved on the basis of the assessment of the ratio of payment for regulatory and excess pollution by environment.

Russian Compulsory Financial Ombudsman and Civil Procedure

In international law, there is no directly prescribed duty of states to create the institution of financial ombudsman. However, in practice this institution is in real terms very popular for effectiveness in various forms. This paper analyzes the models of financial ombudsman in some of the leading European jurisdictions as well as the Russian model and its distinction from all these models. The successful introduction of compulsory financial ombudsmen according to a new Russian law is impossible without deep integration of this institution with the general civil procedure legislation. The Russian financial ombudsman is authorized by law to partially create for himself the rules for resolving disputes, which in essence gives him the right to create rules of civil procedural law. Since pre-trial settlement of certain categories of civil disputes in the financial markets through the financial ombudsman system is mandatory, providing him with unlimited discretion to determine the amount of the fee for considering a case, this can create a conflict of interest in his or her activities. The new Russian law is criticized for numerous inconsistencies with civil procedure legislation, without the elimination of which the practical work of the financial ombudsmen will be ineffective. I offer some legal approaches for the development of this institution. The competence of the further alternative dispute resolution (ADR) Russian institutions depends on the success or failure of the financial ombudsman.

MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION MODELS IN ELECTRICAL CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE (EXAMPLE OF KEY COUNTRIES: USA AND CHINA)

Несмотря на существующие государственные инициативы, одним из факторов, сдерживающих развитие электротранспорта в России, является низкий уровень развития электрозарядной инфраструктуры. В данном контексте актуально изучить успешный опыт построения и внедрения моделей функционирования электрозарядной инфраструктуры и управления ею на примере наиболее развитых по данному направлению стран. Целью статьи является исследование моделей функционирования инфраструктуры для электромобилей и управления ею, применяемых в США и Китае, выявление характерных особенностей, преимуществ и недостатков с целью формирования наиболее оптимальных условий для построения российской модели электрозарядной инфраструктуры. Элементы научной новизны заключаются в обобщении и систематизация практического опыта применения моделей функционирования электрозарядной инфраструктуры и управления ею. Despite existing state initiatives, one of the factors limiting the development of electric transport in Russia is the low level of development of electric charging infrastructure. In this context, it is relevant to study the successful experience of building and implementing models for the management and operation of electric charging infrastructure on the example of the most developed countries in this area. The purpose of the article is to study models of infrastructure management and functioning for electric vehicles used in the USA and China, to identify characteristic features, advantages and disadvantages in order to form the most optimal conditions for building a Russian model of electric charging infrastructure. Elements of scientific novelty are the synthesis and systematization of practical experience in the application of models of control and operation of electric charging infrastructure.

Social work in Russia in the context of paradigm changes

The article determines the main trends in the development of theory and practice of social work and the education system in the conditions of modern Russia. The specific characteristics of the transition of practice from social patronage to individual work are revealed, the problem areas in Russian social work in the context of further development of the profession, theory, and the multilevel model of education are identified. The article examines approaches to the problems that are taking shape within the paradigm of social work and appear to be characteristic of the new stage of its institutionalization. The authors focus on the main contradictions within the Russian model of social work associated with the crisis of the social patronage model, the postmodern challenges of cognition theory, and new trends in the educational system.

Principles of monetary system reform in Russia in the XIX century. (To the 150th anniversary of the memory of N. I. Turgenev)

The purpose of the study is to characterize the Russian model of monetary circulation during the transition from pre-capitalist forms of economy to a relatively developed capitalism in the late XIX century. The paper provides the analysis of theoretical ideas on the specifics of metal, paper and credit instruments of circulation. The key principles of the Russian model of monetary circulation are formulated in the programs of statesmen (M. M. Speransky, E. F. Kankrin, S. Yu. Witte), in the works of economists who presented alternative concepts of money, the theoretical provisions of which formed the conceptual «core» of the new monetary system. The article reveals the features of quantitative approach of N. I. Turgenev, who was the first to analyze the factors of inflation development associated with issue of banknotes, and possible scenarios of monetary reform aimed at its mitigation. The author identifies fundamental differences in the methods of reforming Russia’s monetary system in 1839-1843 and 1895-1897, considers the characteristic features of the new system of «state credit money», the concept introduced by M. M. Speransky, and the criteria for its stabilization. He then shows that the concept of «state credit money» arose at the intersection of the interests of market and state economy and reveals the role of state and commercial institutions in forming a new model of monetary circulation. The paper reveals the specifics of the domestic monetary system during the transition to capitalist production. The study contributes to the development of the theory of money, as it shows the relationship between the evolution of national economic system, the model of monetary circulation and the instruments of state regulation of the market situation. The author concludes that the changes that occurred in the theories of money are a reflection of changes in the monetary system itself and state monetary policy during the periods of economic transformation.