scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis of developing castor bean seeds and identification of ricinoleic acid biosynthesis genes

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 273-282
Author(s):  
Z.-T. WU ◽  
F. XU ◽  
L.-L. YU ◽  
Y. OUYANG ◽  
X.-X. GENG
Keyword(s):  
Ricinoleic Acid ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis

scholarly journals Ricinoleic acid biosynthesis and triacylglycerol assembly in microsomal preparations from developing castor-bean (Ricinus communis) endosperm

1991 ◽  
Vol 280 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bafor ◽  
M A Smith ◽  
L Jonsson ◽  
K Stobart ◽  
S Stymne
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Ricinoleic Acid ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Total Radioactivity ◽  
Minor Amount ◽  
Acyl Donor ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
A Minor

Microsomal membrane preparations from the developing endosperm of castor bean (Ricinus communis) catalysed the transfer of oleate from [14C]oleoyl-CoA to phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho). In the presence of NADH, radioactive ricinoleate (12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoate) was synthesized from [14C]oleate, and this was largely recovered in PtdCho and as free fatty acid. The addition of unlabelled ricinoleoyl-CoA to these incubation mixtures did not increase the low [14C]ricinoleate concentration found in the acyl-CoA fraction nor decrease the [14C]ricinoleate concentration in PtdCho and free fatty acid, and thus no evidence was obtained for a hydroxylation with oleoyl-CoA as a substrate. The addition of NADH, necessary for the formation of ricinoleate, caused a decrease of the total radioactivity in PtdCho with a corresponding increase in the amount of label in free ricinoleic acid. This increase was due to the action of a phospholipase A, which released ricinoleic acid but not oleic acid from PtdCho. Such a phospholipase activity, attacking ricinoleoyl-PtdCho but not oleoyl-PtdCho, was also demonstrated in microsomal preparations from developing cotyledons of safflower and oil-seed rape. An analysis of the acyl groups at different positions in microsomal PtdCho of castor bean showed that ricinoleate was almost entirely associated with position sn-2. Likewise the [14C]ricinoleate in [14C]PtdCho formed after incubations with microsomal preparations with NADH and [14C]oleoyl-CoA resided in position sn-2 with none in position sn-1. In contrast, the [14C]linoleate formed by desaturation of [14C]oleoyl-PtdCho was present at both positions. In the presence of ATP, CoA and Mg2+, the ricinoleate acid released from PtdCho was activated to ricinoleoyl-CoA. The ricinoleoyl-CoA was an efficient acyl donor in the acylation of glycerol 3-phosphate (Gro3P) to yield phosphatidic acid and triacylglycerols. In microsomal preparations incubated with an equimolar mixture of [14C]oleoyl-CoA and [14C]ricinoleoyl-CoA in the presence of Gro3P, only a minor amount of [14C]ricinoleate entered PtdCho, and this was believed to be via the exchange of phosphocholine groups between a diacylglycerol pool and the PtdCho. On the basis of our results, a scheme of ricinoleate formation and its incorporation into triacylglycerols in castor-bean endosperm is proposed.

scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis of developing castor bean seeds and identification of ricinoleic acid biosynthesis genes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziting Wu ◽  
Qin Yang ◽  
Fei Xu ◽  
Yi Ouyang ◽  
Xinxin Geng
Keyword(s):  
Ricinoleic Acid ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Oil Accumulation ◽  
Acid Accumulation ◽  
Key Genes

Abstract Background Ricinoleic acid is a kind of unsaturated fatty acid in castor oil with wide application value. It is sourced from R. communis seed oil, where it is present in large amounts. However, there is little transcriptomic information on genes related to ricinoleic acid biosynthesis in castor bean.Results In order to better understand the regulation mechanism of ricinoleic acid biosynthesis, immature seeds at three developmental stages (15, 30, and 45 days after pollination) were collected. The results indicated that the accumulation of castor oil and ricinoleic acid increased gradually during seed development, and reached the maximum value at the late stages of seed development (45 days after pollination). Furthermore, RNA sequencing was conducted to analyze the transcriptome of the developing seeds at three developing stages. Totals of 9,875 differentially expressed genes were identified among the three time points. Based on the annotation information, 49 DEGs related to lipid biosynthesis were screened among all DEGs. Through cluster analysis of the 49 DEGs, ten genes with increasing FPKM values from seed development stages S1 to S3 were selected as candidate key enzymes, since they showed similar patterns of increase with castor oil accumulation and ricinoleic acid biosynthesis during seed development. The transcriptomic data of the 10 candidate key enzyme genes was further validated by qRT-PCR. Ultimately, a putative model of key genes correlated with ricinoleic acid accumulation was built.Conclusion Our study identified a series of key genes and revealed the proposed molecular mechanism of ricinoleic acid accumulation in castor seeds through the transcriptional analysis. It broadens our knowledge of ricinoleic acid biosynthesis and castor oil accumulation and also provides a theoretical foundation for the genetic engineering key genes that can improve the ricinoleic acid production in castor bean as well as other plants.

Evaluation of castorbean samples by economically - valuable traits

2018 ◽  
pp. 39-48
Keyword(s):  
Ricinoleic Acid ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Ricinolic Acid

Castor oil (Ricinus communus L.) is an important commercial product. The climatic conditions of Ukraine determine the possibility of growing the castor as an annual crop. At the Institute of Oilseeds NAAS studied castor collection. The aim of the work was the selection of the most promising samples of castor oil, combining a large yield potential in a narrow range of vertical distribution for optimal technological parameters of mechanical harvesting with a high content of oil in seeds and ricinolic acid in oil. In the experience of 2015-2016, the manifestation of morphological features of 17 castor bean samples was studied. The height of plants, individual samples among themselves differed more than twice. Long-brush samples of ЕР118, К374, М203, К159 are distinguished on the basis of the length of the brush. The shortest brush was observed in sample K1008. The length of the productive brush in the studied samples is from 10.7 to 32.9 cm. Most castor bean samples under favorable conditions form brushes of the second and higher orders. According to this parameter, samples of Ep118 and selection No. 38 with four inflorescences of the second order are of the greatest interest. The largest brushes of the second order are similar in size to the brushes of the first order were observed in the samples: К1127, К810, К153. The adaptability of harvesting castor beads requires that the brushes of the first and second order coincide in height with each other, since the harvester can take a maximum of 60 cm. For the sum of the productive brushes of the first and second orders, the greatest potential yield will be provided by samples K159 and K1127. Among the studied collection stands out the small seed sample K159 and the large seed samples - PRL41 and K80. The average oil content in the seeds of the collection was from 52 to 61.4%. Sample38 had the highest oil content. The content of ricinolic acid in the collection was from 70.9 to 82.9%. Samples were isolated: К134, К1008, PRL41, К430 with the content of ricinoleic acid more than 80%. The results of the study of all parameters make it possible to isolate valuable technological samples. Sample K1064 with a high technological potential of productivity, with a seed oil content of 57.2%, has a not very high content of ricinoleic acid of 74.3%. Sample K1127 with an oil content of 58.6%, a mass of 1000 seeds of 265 g, a high potential of productive brushes has a wide variation in the arrangement of brushes. Sample K134 with a oil content of 57.1%, ricinoleic acid content of 80.7% has small second-order brushes and can be used as a single-cysts in a thicker seeding.

scholarly journals A Differentially Expressed Gene from a High Oil Producer Cultivar of Castor Bean (<i>Ricinus communis</i>) Is Involved in the Biosynthesis of Ricinoleic Acid

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 393-412
Author(s):  
Héctor A. Rodríguez-Cabal ◽  
Claudia Y. Jaramillo-Mazo ◽  
Nicolás D. Franco-Sierra ◽  
Diego F. Villanueva-Mejía ◽  
Javier C. Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Ricinoleic Acid ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Differentially Expressed Gene ◽  
Differentially Expressed

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Candidate Genes for Petroselinic Acid Biosynthesis in Fruits of Coriandrum sativum L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (19) ◽  
pp. 5507-5520
Author(s):  
Zheng Yang ◽  
Changsheng Li ◽  
Qingli Jia ◽  
Cuizhu Zhao ◽  
David C. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Petroselinic Acid ◽  
Coriandrum Sativum ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis

THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF LONG-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS IN THE DEVELOPING CASTOR BEAN

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Canvin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Ricinoleic Acid ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Diethyl Malonate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Acetate-1-C14 and acetate-2-C14 were supplied to slices of developing castor bean endosperm. The molecules were extensively incorporated into long-chain fatty acids, water-soluble compounds, and protein. Oleic acid was the fatty acid initially labelled from acetate and it was the precursor of ricinoleic acid. Aerobic conditions were required for the formation of oleic acid and for the conversion of oleic acid to ricinoleic acid. Under anaerobic conditions the incorporation of acetate carbon into fatty acids was inhibited more than 90% and almost all of the C14 was found in stearic and palmitic acids. Stearic acid appeared to be formed first and palmitic acid appeared to be derived from it through a shortening of the chain. The position of linoleic acid in the fatty acid interconversions was not clear except that it was not a free intermediate in the conversion of oleic acid to ricinoleic acid.Malonate-C14 was only absorbed slightly by the tissue and although absorption could be increased by the use of diethyl malonate the metabolism of the compound was not facilitated. Because of its poor utilization by the tissue the role of malonate in long-chain fatty acid synthesis in this tissue could not be ascertained.

scholarly journals Global scale transcriptome analysis reveals differentially expressed genes involve in early somatic embryogenesis in Dimocarpus longan Lour.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukun Chen ◽  
Xiaoping Xu ◽  
Zhuanxia Liu ◽  
Zihao Zhang ◽  
XuHan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Plant Hormones ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Qrt Pcr

Abstract Background: Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a process of somatic cells that dedifferentiate to totipotent embryonic stem cells and generate embryos in vitro. Longan SE has been established and wildly used as model system for studying embryogenesis in woody plants, SE-related genes had been characterized. In spite of that, a comprehensive overview of SE at a molecular level is still absent. To understand the molecular mechanisms during longan SE, we examined the transcriptome changes by using Illumina HiSeq from the four distinct developmental stages, including NEC, EC, ICpEC, GE. Results: RNA-seq of the four samples generated a total of 243.78 million high quality reads, approximately 81.5% of the data were mapped to longan genome. The cDNA libraries of NEC, EC, ICpEC and GE, generated 22743, 19745, 21144, 21102 expressed transcripts, 1935, 1710, 1816, 1732 novel transcripts, 2645, 366, 505, 588 unique genes, respectively. Comparative transcriptome analysis showed that a total of 10,642, 4,180, 5,846 and 1,785 genes were differentially expressed in the pairwise comparisons of NEC_vs_EC, EC_vs_ICpEC, EC_vs_GE, ICpEC_vs_GE, respectively. Among them, plant hormones signalling related genes were significantly enriched, especially the auxin and cytokinin signalling components. The transcripts of flavonoid biosynthesis related genes were mainly expressed in NEC, while fatty acid biosynthesis related genes mainly accumulated in early SE. In addition, the extracelluar protein encoding genes LTP, CHI, GLP, AGP, EP1 were related to longan SE. Combined with the FPKM of longan nine tissues transcription, 27 SE specific or preferential genes (LEC1, LEC1-like, PDF1.3, GH3.6, AGL80, PIN1, BBM, WOX9, WOX2, et al.) and 28 NEC preferential genes (LEA5, CNOT3, DC2.15, PR1-1, NsLTP2, DIR1, PIP1, PIP2.1 and POD5 et al.) were characterized as molecular markers for longan early SE. qRT-PCR validation of SE-related genes showed a high correlation between RNA-seq and qRT-PCR data. Conclusion: This study provides new insights into the role of the transcriptome during early SE in longan. Differentially expressed genes reveal that plant hormones signalling, flavonoid and fatty acid biosynthesis, and extracelluar protein related genes were involved in longan early SE. It could serve as a valuable platform resource for further functional studies addressing embryogenesis in woody plants.

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