scholarly journals РЕЛІГІЄЗНАВЧА ЕКСПЕРТИЗА НОВИХ РЕЛІГІЙНИХ РУХІВ: ОСНОВНІ РАКУРСИ ПРОБЛЕМИ

2019 ◽  
pp. 97-116
Author(s):  
В. Г. Соловйов
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
The State ◽  
New Religious Movements ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
The Status ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
The One ◽  
The Church

The article deals with the problem of religious scholarly examination of new religious movements. Unfortunately, the topic of religious scholarly examination has not found theoretical understanding, and to this day remains beyond the scope of scientific research. The first attempt to comprehend the problems here is the monograph by Yu.V. Tikhonravov «Judicial Religion», published in 1998, where for the first time methodological questions were set concerning the possibility of «using special religious knowledge for procedural purposes». He drew attention to the controversy of the possible application of this procedure in the legal field, highlighting the ethical and ideological, methodical and methodological, organizational and legal issues of religious scholar examination. However, the need for more in-depth study of data issues forced the researchers to seek a methodological form that could adequately reflect the problem of the realization of religious scholarship expertise.Not enough investigation of such important issues as nature, features and functions of religious examination, conditions and special methods of its realization, the subject and the object of expertise, the status of an expert and ethical problems during the religious scholarly expertise, limits of using special knowledge force to address to the need for methodological analysis of this concept. In addition, the penetration of legal terminology and procedures into religious studies raised the question of the admissibility of a formal transfer, which may lead to incorrect assumptions and distortions in the perception of religions themselves. In general, if we take a look at the religious scholarly examination, we may notice that the methodology of this procedure is a general scientific task of defining, classifying and evaluating any subject of the study. And the problem itself arises when the law, penetrating ino the field of religious studies, attempts to formalize religion and to erode its content and involuntarily destroys its understanding.It is also possible to notice that this present-day problem is connected with the concept of «secular state», because the expertise in religious affairs in history, as the Inquisition in the Catholic Church or the spiritual examination on the basis of sectology in the Russian Orthodox Church, occurs at a time when modifications of the models of relations between the church and the state are taking place. By the way, the bursts of the emergence of the NRF in one or another state are connected with the changes in the legislative sphere in religion. To sum up, one can safely assert that, on the one hand, the essence of the NRF is covered in matters of relations between the church and the state. On the other hand, the necessity for the examination of NRP arises when this dichotomous system is joined by different dictatorial systems, which are trying to eliminate this contradiction. Therefore, the problem of examination of NRF can be considered from three perspectives.

scholarly journals The Belarusian Orthodox Church and Its Role in the Belarusian Regime

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Avanesová
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
The One ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Church Organizations ◽  
The Church

This text, conceived as an interpretative case study, deals with the role that the Belarusian Orthodox Church plays in the contemporary Belarusian regime. In light of the fact that the Belarusian Orthodox Church is an exarchate of the Russian Orthodox Church, the author will also look at whether the Belarusian Orthodox Church can actually be considered an instrument of Russian in Belarus. Within the research, the author will show that on the one hand, there are favorable conditions for the development of the Belarusian Orthodox Church. But on the other hand, although the state declares the de facto independence of the Belarusian Orthodox Church, any opposition activity on its part is seen as a threat to the state, which allows the state to interfere with its policy. This leads church organizations in such systems to become significantly weakened within this “cooperation with the state”, even though they have an influence on society and thus a legitimizing potential. As a result, the church is strongly dependent on the state and limited as an actor in civil society within the Belarusian regime. In addition, the author will also conclude in the study that it is difficult to consider the Belarusian Orthodox Church to be a tool of the Kremlin’s influence.

scholarly journals UKRAINIAN CHURCH SPACE IN THE SECOND HALF 16th CENTURY

2017 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
T. Pshenychnyi
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Religious Conflicts ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Ukrainian Crisis ◽  
The One ◽  
The Church

The paper is subjected to thorough analysis of the phenomenon of Ukrainian church space in the second half of the 16th century. We show how the church crisis has started in the Ukrainian lands and reveals socio-political and socio-cultural factors which triggered this crisis. In addition, we try to show how the international factor deepened it. We begin with analysis of how the political forces of the Rzeczpospolita tried to take a full control over the spiritual sphere of life of the Ukrainian people. Then we continue by showcase how Russian politicians together with the administration of the Russian Orthodox Church tried to do the very same thing. Caught in political and military machinery of these two different states priests and bishops of the Ukrainian church tried to build a model on their own of preserving their identity. In 1596 it resulted in the Union of Brest, which, on the one hand split Ukrainian society into two poles – the Orthodox and Uniates, and the other gave rise to serious reform Ukrainian church space. In general, we can conclude that the Union of Brest, despite the expectations and hopes of its organizers laid the beginning of a deep ideological confrontation among Ukrainian people. Union also resulted in serious cultural and political crisis. Supporters of the union have not received from Pope and Polish king protection of their rights and liberties. Religious conflicts became very difficult for the population. The polish politicians, the Catholic Church of Poland and Russians wanted to use Ukrainian crisis to implement his plans.

scholarly journals Formation of Synodal Regime of Church Administration in Context of Relationship between Secular and Spiritual Authorities in 1721—1725 (Nizhny Novgorod Diocese)

2021 ◽  
pp. 304-324
Author(s):  
A. V. Bodrin
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Dependent Position ◽  
The Status ◽  
State Relations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church ◽  
Nizhny Novgorod Region

The article is devoted to the formation of the synodal regime of government of the Russian Orthodox Church and related problems in the relationship between secular and spiritual authorities. Attention is paid to the new policy of the state represented by the Synod in relation to the local episcopate. The peculiarities of the organization of the diocesan administration are characterized on the materials of the Nizhny Novgorod region. A brief biography of the local Bishop Pitirim, one of the close associates of Peter I is presented. The results of the analysis of problems in relations between the state and the church in the political sphere are given. A classification of these problems is proposed on the basis of various aspects of interaction between secular and clergy. Special attention is paid to issues related to the status of the Synod and its real possibilities to represent the interests of the clergy. It is shown on regional material that the clergy, under synodal conditions, found themselves in a dependent position on the authorities, both central and local. The author especially dwells on the facts describing the arbitrariness of officials in relation to persons of clergy, interference in their competence on certain issues. It has been proved that the establishment of the Synod and the general bureaucratization during the reign of Peter I changed the nature of church-state relations and acted as prerequisites for the emergence of new difficulties.

scholarly journals Field observations as an indispensable tool for religious studies.

2014 ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Olga Nedavnya
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Adequate Understanding ◽  
The Status ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Indispensable Tool ◽  
Religious Problems ◽  
The Church

Among the rich instruments of religious studies, the fundamental place belongs to field observation. Only an in-depth study of religious life makes it possible for academics to have an adequate understanding of the phenomena of faith and of the Church, of spiritual and religious problems, of certain denominational features. Field research is not a substitute for something else. At the time of comprehension not only their essence, certain kinds and methods, but also the status of the researcher, which is occupied by them.

scholarly journals The school legislation of the Catholic Church in the Hussitian times

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-73
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Ratajczak
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The State ◽  
Ecclesiastical Law ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Catholic Church

The aim of the paper is to show the state and changes in the school legislation of the Catholic Church in the crucial period of its history, between 1378 and 1477. The focus of the analysis is especially on the acts of law decreed by the popes, on the canons of the councils, but also on the ius particulare of those ecclesiastical provinces that were affected by the Hussite movement. Also, factors influencing the ecclesiastical law in the realm of education are analysed, such as political, social, economic besides religious. Very important was the question if the changes could be controlled or inspired by the Church or whether the changes of the school legislation were only meant to preserve the status quo.

Poland

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Detlef Pollack ◽  
Gergely Rosta
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Culture ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Pope John Paul Ii ◽  
National Values ◽  
The Impact ◽  
State Socialist ◽  
The Church

The chapter on Poland focuses on two questions. Why, in contrast to all other state-socialist countries, did the church’s capacity for integration actually increase rather than decrease despite persecution and discrimination during the communist period? And why has this capacity also remained more or less constant (albeit to a lesser extent) in the period since the end of communist rule? The authors have identified four key factors in the remarkable resistance of the Polish Catholic Church during the period of communist persecution: the fusion of religious and national values, the specific conflict dynamics of the church’s struggle with the state, the structural conservatism of agricultural production in Poland, and the actions of Pope John Paul II. Explanations for the surprising stability of religiosity in Poland after 1990 point to the behaviour of the Church itself, to the internal pluralization of Catholicism, and to the impact of a homogeneous religious culture.

The Oxford Handbook of New Religious Movements

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
New Religious Movements ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
New Religions ◽  
New Age Movement ◽  
Book Award ◽  
The Status ◽  
Social Scientific

The first edition ofThe Oxford Handbook of New Religious Movementsappeared in early 2004. At the time, it was a much-needed overview of a rapidly-expanding area of study; it received recognition in the form of aChoicebook award. The second edition brings this task up to date. In addition to updating most of the original topics, the new edition takes in more topics by expanding the volume from 22 to 32 chapters, and enlarges the scope of the book by doubling the number of contributors from outside of North America. Following an introductory section devoted to social-scientific approaches to New Religious Movements (NRMs), the second section focuses on what has been uppermost in the minds of the general public, namely the controversies that have surrounded these groups. The third section examines certain themes in the study of NRMs, such as the status of children and women in such movements. The fourth section presents religious studies approaches by looking at NRM mythologies, rituals and the like. The final section covers the subfields that have grown out of NRM studies and become specializations in their own right, from the study of modern Paganism to the study of the New Age Movement. Finally, the present volume has a thematic focus; readers interested in specific NRMs are advised to consult the second edition of James R. Lewis and Jesper Aa. Petersen’s edited volume,Controversial New Religions(Oxford University Press 2014).

The Political Theory of the Disruption

1916 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold J. Laski
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Political Authority ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Secular Society ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Political Principles ◽  
The Church

“Of political principles,” says a distinguished authority, “whether they be those of order or of freedom, we must seek in religious and quasi-theological writings for the highest and most notable expressions.” No one, in truth, will deny the accuracy of this claim for those ages before the Reformation transferred the centre of political authority from church to state. What is too rarely realised is the modernism of those writings in all save form. Just as the medieval state had to fight hard for relief from ecclesiastical trammels, so does its modern exclusiveness throw the burden of a kindred struggle upon its erstwhile rival. The church, intelligibly enough, is compelled to seek the protection of its liberties lest it become no more than the religious department of an otherwise secular society. The main problem, in fact, for the political theorist is still that which lies at the root of medieval conflict. What is the definition of sovereignty? Shall the nature and personality of those groups of which the state is so formidably one be regarded as in its gift to define? Can the state tolerate alongside itself churches which avow themselves societates perfectae, claiming exemption from its jurisdiction even when, as often enough, they traverse the field over which it ploughs? Is the state but one of many, or are those many but parts of itself, the one?

‘A Moment of Truth’? The Church and Political Change in Malawi, 1992

1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Newell
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Party System ◽  
Urban Riots ◽  
Congress Party ◽  
Industrial Action ◽  
Political Dominance ◽  
Entire Nation ◽  
The One ◽  
Democratic Elections ◽  
The Church

The immediate origins of the democratic elections held in Malawi in 1994, which brought to an end over 30 years of political dominance by President Kamuzu Banda and the Malawi Congress Party (MCP), lie in the unprecedented events which shook the entire nation in 1992. Although that turbulent year was characterised by industrial action, serious urban riots, student demonstrations, the emergence of new domestic political groupings, and the Government's agreement to hold a national referendum on the future of the one-party system in the country, in retrospect perhaps what was most remarkable about these developments was that they were sparked off by the Catholic Church, and that their momentum was sustained at crucial stages by other Christian denominations in Malawi.1

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