Technical Analyses of Necib El-Kilani’s Novel “Ramadan Habîbî”

Najib el-Kîlânî, who lived in Egypt from 1931 to 1995, is one of the important figures in Islamic literature. He dabbled in literature when he was young and wrote about a hundred works. The period he lived and the countries he visited gave him the opportunity to get to know the problems faced by the Islamic society. The author depicted these problems that he witnessed in his works. Najib el-Kîlânî, who focuses on the social, political, economic and religious problems of the Muslim community in his literary works, deals with 1973 Egypt-Israel war in his novel “Ramazan Habîbî” that is the focal point of our research. The novel is about the expansionist policy of the Jews, the unjust oppression they faced and the struggle of the Egyptian people against America's hypocrisy. In the novel, the struggle of the Egyptian people against Israel for the liberation of the Sinai Desert and the Suez Canal, the occupied lands, is told. It is about the war between the Arabs and Israel in 1973, known as the Ramazan War (Yom Kippur War). It relates the overnight seizure of the “Bar-Lev Line”, which Israel says is impassable. In this study, Najib el-Kîlânî’s novel “Ramazan Habîbî” will be examined technically and thematically within the framework of issues such as the cultural corruption experienced by the Arab society, their approach to Zionism and the problem of the sense of belonging for their homeland.

Teacher Professionalism Development in Community Based Research-Based Multicultural Islamic Education Learning

Learning Islamic Education by integrating multicultural values is indispensable. The presence of multicultural education has an important role in improving and providing solutions to various religious problems. It's just that teachers still have difficulty in integrating multicultural values in learning. There needs to be a development of teacher professionalism in terms of learning based on multicultural values, because the increasing professionalism of teachers will have an effect on improving the quality of learning both processes andresults. The method of community service used is the Community Based Research (CBR) method with RRA(Rapid Rural Appraisal) technique. Devotional activities through the multicultural PAI learning model raise awareness of teachers or assisted groups to develop their professionalism and competence in organizing innovative and quality learning.

Religion and human rights in artificial insemination.

It is pointed out that modern man is particularly sensitive to the imposition of any worldview and way of life. The only language in today's world is the language of freedom, even if there is a substitution of this concept and its abuse. The value of freedom is not indifferent to religion. Therefore, the only way to spread the religious worldview in society is not the force of coercion, but the force of gravity. It is noted that the problem of the relationship between bioethics and religion is determined by a number of reasons, both scientific and theoretical, and socio-cultural plan. The current stage of development of scientific thought is characterized by the emergence of a new phenomenon - bioethics. Bioethics is an integrative science that synthesizes knowledge about man, which is already substantiated in medicine, psychology, psychiatry, religious anthropology, philosophical anthropology and others. The moral aspect is the center of bioethics, it is associated with its attitude to all living things, to life as such. Because of this we can talk about the formation of a bioethical worldview as a holistic system of views on the human problem. The beginning of the process of forming a bioethical worldview is closely connected with scientific progress, biomedical practices, and the aggravation of religious problems. The uniqueness of bioethical discourse creates the preconditions for the development of philosophical and methodological ground for the study of bioethical worldview. The methodological significance of the problem is related to the need to rethink the fundamental philosophical problems that relate to demental philosophical problems that relate to the definition of attributive characteristics of man. It is established that the religious problems that arise when using the IVF method are associated with several components: the production of germ cells, the lack of connection between conception and the natural idea of marital intimacy, obtaining an excessive number of embryos and manipulating them (elimination, reduction, freezing) embryos, preimplantation diagnosis), the use of germ cells of third parties. In this case, in vitro fertilization can be morally justified by religion and an acceptable method of infertility therapy for the Orthodox Christian, if it does not kill embryos and does not break the bond "in the flesh" even at the level of gametes.

Historicism, Religionsgeschichte, and the Rhetoric of Eschatology

The article discusses the central role of the history of religion in the debate on the so-called “crisis of historicism” during the first half of the twentieth century. I argue that the seemingly marginal question of how to write the history of religion informs major debates about the writing of history and history's place in culture. Focusing on Ernst Troeltsch's On Historical and Dogmatical Method in Theology (1900) and Rudolf Bultmann's History and Eschatology (1955), I analyze how theological and historical arguments and concepts interact in their respective histories of religion. According to Troeltsch, the methods of contemporary Religionsgeschichte (history of religion) undermine not only theological dogma but also such common historicist categories as “reason,” “teleology,” or “essence.” Bultmann, using similar methods, develops a similar critique based on the idea of “historicity,” i.e. an anthropological fundament of understanding oneself historically. Here too, the simple and linear understanding of history is called into question by a decidedly religious element, namely eschatology understood as a radically different temporality. Both cases thus show how tightly religious problems, theological arguments, and historical methods are interwoven, and how much our understanding of history, religion, and their mutual relations is informed by this entanglement.

Ulama Perempuan Indonesia: Resistensi Terhadap Konstruksi Sosial Patriarki

This paper aims to explain the position and role of Indonesian Women's Ulama in responding to the social problems of women in the patriarchal culture of Ulamā’ which is dominated by male Ulamā’ in Indonesia. Using Peter L.Berger and Luckmann's (1966) social construction theory, this paper seeks to explore the capacity of Indonesian Women’s Ulama in solving socio-religious problems, especially in the field of female law and social issues in Indonesia. Law-making in Indonesia cannot be separated from the patriarchal construction built by the intellectual hegemony of male Ulamā’ (Islamic scholars) and the existence of social inequality between men and women in the dominance of social interpretations which results in the dominance of masculinity in the public sector. This paper uses qualitative research methods with data collection techniques in the form of observation and documentation. The conclusions of this paper are 1) the intellectual ahistorism of women socially constructed through verbalization, visualization, and adaptation in the socio-cultural scientific tradition; 2) the cultural backwardness experienced by women when men step forward in their socio-cultural intellect in the public sector such as law, education, politics and economics.

ACTUALIZATION OF RELIGIOUS MODERATION TOWARDS A SOCIETY 5.0 ERA THROUGH UNDERSTANDING EDUCATION MANAGEMENT, MENTAL HEALTH AWARENESS, AND ORGANIZATIONAL ACTIVITY

Currently the presence of the millennial generation is sunnatullah, the emergence of this generation is due to advances in science and technology. Millennials rely heavily on social media, however, they do not yet have a strong filter to be able to filter the information they receive. The millennial generation also has challenges in facing a new era in their life, namely the era of society 5.0 as a complement to the 4.0 Industrial Revolution. In this instantaneous era, various religious problems that never end, such as rampant politicization, terrorism, radicalism, extremism, disintegration, misuse of da'wah, exploitation of the people, so many hate speeches, hoaxes and slander are now flooding the faces of the diversity of the nation. In relation to this impact, the level of understanding of education management, mental health awareness, and organizational activeness turned out to be greatly influences human behavior, especially for new students who are vulnerable to invitations from outside influences. Facing an era like this, it is time for the millennial generation to take part in actualizing the moderation of religion as a solution to religious problems.

KOMUNIKASI DAKWAH KOLABORATIF PEMERINTAH DESA MELALUI KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK

Margoyoso Jepara village is a village that has socio-religious problems as part of the negative impact of the times. Under these conditions, the Village Government carried out collaborative da'wah communication in overcoming these problems. This type of research is qualitative with field research methods. In this study, data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis techniques used in the form of inductive and descriptive narrative. The results of this study explain that collaborative da'wah in the Margoyoso Village Government is influenced by the existence of a village autonomy system, where the Village Government can manage and regulate its own government area according to the characteristics and styles of each. The emergence of collaborative da'wah policies is motivated by social and political religious problems. The message of Da'wah communication in the form of congregational dawn prayers, turning off the television after sunset, let's recite the Koran, and compulsory madrasah diniyah was formed through a deliberation process by the Village Government, community leaders, religious leaders, socio-religious organizations, and related stakeholders. Collaborative da'wah policy has benefits as a means to strengthen friendship with residents, a means of socialization and village information, as well as a means to improve the quality of religion and community education.

Ulama and Radicalism in Contemporary Indonesia: Response of Al Washliyah’s Ulama on Radicalism

Al Washliyah is a moderate Islamic organization in Indonesia. Ulama (Islamic scholars) have obtained honorable and strategic positions in Al Washliyah organization. As an elite group in Al Washliyah organization, the ulama have responded to socio-religious problems in Indonesia, including issues of radicalism and terrorism. Their responses to these problems should be understood as they reflect and become one of the foundations in counteracting radicalism and terrorism in Indonesia. This article examines the responses of Al Washliyah’s ulama against radicalism and terrorism. It is mainly written to get an insight into the ulama’s responses towards the four issues indoctrinated by the radical and terrorist groups such as the Islamic State, jihādī, takfirī, and suicide bombers. This research highlights that Al Washliyah ulama give different interpretations of those four doctrines. Al Washliyah ulama prioritize moderation in religion and firmly reject radicalism and terrorism in actions or ideas.Abstrak:Al Jam’iyatul Washliyah merupakan sebuah organisasi Islam moderat di Indonesia. Para ulama sejauh ini mendapatkan kedudukan terhormat dan strategis dalam organisasi ini.. Para ulama sebagai kelompok elit dalam organisasi Al Washliyah memberikan respons terhadap persoalan sosial keagamaan di Indonesia, termasuk masalah radikalisme dan terorisme. Respons mereka terhadap masalah ini perlu diketahui dan menjadi salah satu landasan bagi upaya menangkal paham dan gerakan radikalisme dan terorisme di Indonesia. Artikel ini mengkaji respons para ulama Al Washliyah terhadap radikalisme dan terorisme. Kajian artikel ini difokuskan pada respons mereka terhadap empat isu yang menjadi doktrin kelompok-kelompok radikalis dan teroris yakni negara Islam, jihād, takfir, dan bom bunuh diri. Artikel ini mengajukan temuan bahwa para ulama Al Washliyah yang menjadi informan terpilih memberikan interpretasi yang berbeda mengenai keempat isu tersebut. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa ulama Al Washliyah mengedepankan moderasi dalam kehidupan beragama dan berbangsa, dan secara tegas mereka menolak paham dan gerakan radikalisme dan terorisme.

MENIMBANG MADRASAH DINIYAH TAKMILIYAH SEBAGAI PENGUAT PEMBINAAN AKHLAK MULIA ANAK-ANAK DARI KELUARGA KARIER

The role of Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah is quite essential in shaping Muslims, especially for children of career families. This research aims to identify and elaborate its role in terms of developing noble morals over industrial environments and career families. The approach used is qualitative approach with case studies. The results include: (1) the madrasah gives a positive role in forming individual to have faith, taqwa, and noble character as the spiritual foundation of learners in facing global community, (2) the madrasah is an alternative solution to religious problems for those who are living in the industrial environments and career families. After being observed, this madrasah plays an important role in forming students to have strong faith, honesty, responsibility, intellect, creativity, independency, religiosity, discipline, and social care. Keywords: Madrasah; Diniyah Takmiliyah; Career Families