scholarly journals КОМПОНЕНТ ТЕМНОЇ МАТЕРІЇ

2021 ◽  
pp. 170-189
Author(s):  
А. Н. Нарожный
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Gravitational Interaction ◽  
Classical Mechanics ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Small Time ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Galactic Clusters ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Universe

A possible component of dark matter is considered. Astronomer began to talk about this matter for a long time, when the speed of movement of galaxies in the clusters was coordinated with classical mechanics. Subsequently, the idea of dark matter became used in the dynamics of stars and lineling phenomena. The observational data of astronomy and astrophysics indicate another path, which leads to the idea of the existence of dark matter, if these data are considered through the prism of the main principles and laws of natural science. On this path, the component of dark matter (DM) appears as an environment in the universe necessary to ensure the life of galaxies. The origin of the dark matter and the functions performed by it are binding to star electromagnetic radiation (SER). Features of the interaction of a two-component system - DM and SER - the basis of all further conclusions. First of all, the outer space is considered filled with subtle forms of matter. It is assumed that DM belongs to them. The presence of two giant material objects distributed over the entire space of the Universe, DM and SER - means their interaction among themselves. First, it follows from dialectic, arguing about the relationship of phenomena in nature. Secondly, from the interpretation of the results of measurements of cosmic microwave radiation obtained by the Arcade system (NASA, 2006). A two-component environment - DM and SER - contains all the baryon matter of the universe, ranging from elementary particles and ending with galactic clusters. Support for "life" of baryon matter is carried out through a number of functions performed by this medium. It is assumed that the star radiation, spreading the space, gives its energy to the dark component. The photons shifted into the microwave region are capable of pairing unaging among themselves in counter courses and small sighting distances. Appearing bosons particles correlate with dark matter. These particles have zero spin or two. Their spectrum of mass turns out to be continuous, the maximum mass of the particle is given. The assumption of energy transmission by a quantum dissemination environment and the microwave hypothesis is consistently explained by many observation results. First of all, it is a red shift in galaxies spectra and the presence of a large cosmic microwave background with its intensity variations at relatively small time intervals. DM particles due to the gravitational interaction return the energy back to its baryonic sources. At the same time, the dark component additionally fills the central supermassive object of the galaxy, which in the quasar phase conducts utilization of star waste with hydrogen regeneration. It is DM that provides large energies allocated by quasars. Given the small part of the star matter, turning into the SER, it is shown that the particles of DM are a medium with a relatively low temperature. It is concluded that DM and SER are a comprehensive dynamic environment in which the baryon matter of the universe lives and develops. Through this two-component "ocean" of matter, all major metabolic processes supporting the "life" of galaxies are carried out.

STATISTICAL MECHANICS OF GALAXY CLUSTERING FOR A TWO-COMPONENT SYSTEM: EFFECT OF THE EXTENDED NATURE OF GALAXIES

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (06) ◽  
pp. 959-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
MANZOOR A. MALIK ◽  
FAROOQ AHMAD ◽  
SHAKEEL AHMAD ◽  
SAJAD MASOOD
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Distribution Function ◽  
Partition Function ◽  
Finite Size ◽  
Two Component System ◽  
System Effect ◽  
Component System ◽  
Two Component ◽  
The Universe ◽  
New Distribution

We develop a more general theory of the two-component system of galaxies by treating the galaxies as extended structures. We make use of the softened potential (r2 + ∊2)-1/2, with ∊ as a measure of the finite size of the galaxies, to evaluate the partition function, various thermodynamic properties of the system and the distribution function. Our analysis shows that the distribution function is not too greatly altered by the softening, thus vindicating our earlier claim1 besides making the theory more elaborate as all the earlier results1,2 are retrieved exactly from the new distribution function. Also, an attempt is made to account for the dark matter in the universe.

5. Cosmology

2017 ◽  
pp. 58-82
Author(s):  
Timothy Clifton
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gravitational Interaction ◽  
Albert Einstein ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Normal Matter ◽  
History Of Cosmology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Edwin Hubble ◽  
The Universe

Cosmology began as a scientific discipline at the beginning of the 20th century, with the work of Albert Einstein and Edwin Hubble. Gravitational interaction is fundamental to cosmology, as gravity dominates over all other forces on large-scale distances. ‘Cosmology’ outlines the modern history of cosmology, discussing how studies have provided knowledge on the early Universe and its expansion. The Concordance Model proposes that only c.5 per cent of the energy in the Universe is in the form of normal matter; c.25 per cent is in the form of the gravitationally attractive dark matter; and the remaining c.70 per cent is in the form of the gravitationally repulsive dark energy. But there is still much to learn.

scholarly journals Self-gravitating dark matter gets in shape

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (14) ◽  
pp. 2043017
Author(s):  
Jenny Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Gravitational Lensing ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Gravitational Interaction ◽  
Mathematical Approach ◽  
Density Profiles ◽  
Physical Methods ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Galaxy Rotation Curves

In our current best cosmological model, the vast majority of matter in the universe is dark, consisting of yet undetected, nonbaryonic particles that do not interact electro-magnetically. So far, the only significant evidence for dark matter has been found in its gravitational interaction, as observed in galaxy rotation curves or gravitational lensing effects. The inferred dark matter agglomerations follow almost universal mass density profiles that can be reproduced well in simulations, but have eluded an explanation from a theoretical viewpoint. Forgoing standard (astro-)physical methods, I show that it is possible to derive these profiles from an intriguingly simple mathematical approach that directly determines the most likely spatial configuration of a self-gravitating ensemble of collisionless dark matter particles.

scholarly journals Two-component dark matter with cogenesis of the baryon asymmetry of the Universe

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Debasish Borah ◽  
Arnab Dasgupta ◽  
Sin Kyu Kang
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Baryon Asymmetry ◽  
Two Component ◽  
The Universe

КОСМІЧНІ «ДИВНІ РАДІОКРУГІ» (ODD RADIO CIRCLES)

2020 ◽  
pp. 162-171
Author(s):  
А. Н. Нарожный
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Shock Waves ◽  
Radio Emission ◽  
Microwave Radiation ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Gravitational Interaction ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Radio Range ◽  
Space Objects

The discovered space objects, called by the authors "strange radio circles", emitting exclusively in the radio range, have not yet found their explanation. However, a hypothesis and a mechanism associated with it were previously put forward, which is capable of emitting radiation in the radio range. In this case, the radiating region in the observation plane can be represented as circular. The hypothesis and mechanism relate to the origin of particles of one of the components of dark matter. They appeared as a result of the analysis of the process of the propagation of stellar radiation by outer space. This radiation cannot propagate indefinitely in space without interacting with anything, since the absence of interaction contradicts the philosophical principle of the interconnection of phenomena in Nature. Therefore, when radiation quanta move across the expanses of the Universe, there must be weak dissipative losses due to the interaction of electromagnetic quanta with thin levels of matter, which leads to redshifts in the emission spectra of galaxies. It was also suggested earlier that quanta losing energy, gradually shifting to the region of long waves, can, under certain conditions, pairwise combine into very light neutral Bose particles, which are a component of dark matter. These particles have spin 0, or spin 2 and a mass of 0.0013 eV and below. These particles will be characterized by their gravitational interaction, both among themselves and with galactic objects. Neutral Bose particles under the action of perturbations can decay into pairs of bound photons. Therefore, the perturbation of the medium of the supposed particles should lead to the appearance of microwave radiation. The destruction of the dark component into quanta explains, for example, the presence of powerful radio emission from active galactic nuclei (quasars, radio galaxies) and large variations in the intensity of microwave radiation at short time intervals, recorded by the ARCADE radiometer (NASA). Taking the hypothesis of the origin of the specified component of dark matter, one can explain the origin of the "strange radio circles". To do this, it is enough to assume that this dark component is organized into clouds of different lengths and densities. Especially far from active galactic zones, where there are no powerful streams of baryonic matter - plasma, gas, dust. For example, in the high galactic latitudes of the Milky Way. In this case, the appearance of shock waves in the center of the cloud will lead to the decay of particles and the emission of photons of the specified range. Objects such as these clouds cannot be observed in any other range of electromagnetic waves. Likewise, radio emission from small galaxies with increased density of dark matter in the halo can be observed, the particles of which can be destroyed by disturbances coming from the galactic core. After the complete emission of energy by the disturbing baryon component, only radiation from the destroyed particles of the dark component remains under the action of shock waves in its medium. The radiation from strange radio circles can serve as an indirect confirmation of the previously stated hypothesis about the origin of the dark matter component

scholarly journals An explanation for dark matter and dark energy consistent with the standard model of particle physics and General Relativity

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Deur
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Evolution Equations ◽  
Gravitational Interaction ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Law Of Gravity ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Universe Evolution

Abstract Analyses of internal galaxy and cluster dynamics typically employ Newton’s law of gravity, which neglects the field self-interaction effects of General Relativity. This may be why dark matter seems necessary. The universe evolution, on the other hand, is treated with the full theory, General Relativity. However, the approximations of isotropy and homogeneity, normally used to derive and solve the universe evolution equations, effectively suppress General Relativity’s field self-interaction effects and this may introduce the need for dark energy. Calculations have shown that field self-interaction increases the binding of matter inside massive systems, which may account for galaxy and cluster dynamics without invoking dark matter. In turn, energy conservation dictates that the increased binding must be balanced by an effectively decreased gravitational interaction outside the massive system. In this article, such suppression is estimated and its consequence for the Universe’s evolution is discussed. Observations are reproduced without need for dark energy.

scholarly journals OBTAINING NEUTRON MATTER AND HYPERHEAVY NUCLEI: POSSIBLE QUANTUM-TECHNOLOGICAL INSTRUMENTAL APPROACHES

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
G.B. Ryazantsev ◽  
V.I. Vysotskii ◽  
G.K. Lavrenchenko ◽  
S.S. Nedovesov
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Neutron Stars ◽  
Laser Cooling ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Gravitational Interaction ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Neutron Matter ◽  
Ultracold Neutrons ◽  
Fundamental Possibility ◽  
The Universe

Possible mechanisms of creation of both hyperheavy nuclei by electron-nuclear collapse and              neutron matter by condensation of ultracold neutrons are discussed. The fundamental possibility of the existence of  such objects was previously substantiated by A.B.Migdal, who suggested that the known set of proton-neutron nuclei with mass numbers from 0 to 300 and a maximum specific binding energy of about 8 MeV / nucleon at A≈60 corresponds to the first region, beyond which (starting from about the charge Z≈ ( hc/e2 )3/2 ≈1600 ) there is an additional region describing a possible state of nuclear matter, stabilized by a pion condensate. In this region, the maximum specific energy corresponds to ≈15 MeV / nucleon at A ≈ 100000. It is shown that neutron matter can be obtained under certain conditions, and its systematization can be realized as an addition to the Periodic Table. When solving such problems, it becomes quite real to study not only physical, but also chemical, and possibly engineering and technical properties. Analysis shows that the stability of neutron matter at the microlevel is ensured by the Tamm interaction and the Hund beta equilibrium. Such matter can be quite stable    not only on the mega-level (neutron stars) due to gravitational interaction, as was a priori assumed earlier, but also on the scale of "ordinary" matter. The process of neutronization is possible not only with critical gravitational interaction, but also by other mechanisms (supercritical increase in the atomic number of elements due to electron-nuclear collapse and condensation of ultracold neutrons), which opens the way to the fundamental possibility of obtaining both neutron matter in laboratory conditions and superheavy nuclei. Based on the works of Migdal, Tamm and Hund, the possibility of the existence of stable neutron matter (with Z >> 175, N >> Z, A> 10 3 -10 5 and a size of 200-300 femtometers and more) is argued at the microlevel, and not only at the mega-level, as is now considered in astrophysics. A critical analysis of the well-established concept of the minimum possible mass of neutron stars is carried out. The following quantum technological approaches to the realization of UCN condensation are proposed: 1. Slow isothermal compression; 2. Refrigerator for dissolving helium-3 and helium-4; 3. Use of a conical concentrator for UCN focusing (Vysotskii cone); 4. Magnetic trap; 5. Additional UCN laser cooling. Neutron matter is considered as a potential cosmological candidate for dark matter. One should take into account the possibility of the formation of fragments of neutron matter as dark matter (neutral, femto-, pico- and nanoscale, the cooling of relics makes it difficult to detect them by now) already at the initial origin of the Universe, which is the dominant process. The observable part of the Universe is formed by the residual part of protons, and then by decayed single neutrons and unstable fragments of neutron matter (with Z> 175, N >> Z, but A <10 3 -10 5 ).

Turning Aliens into Socialists

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-93
Author(s):  
Jessica Moberg
Keyword(s):  
Outer Space ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Swedish History ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Highly Evolved

Immediately after the Second World War Sweden was struck by a wave of sightings of strange flying objects. In some cases these mass sightings resulted in panic, particularly after authorities failed to identify them. Decades later, these phenomena were interpreted by two members of the Swedish UFO movement, Erland Sandqvist and Gösta Rehn, as alien spaceships, or UFOs. Rehn argued that ‘[t]here is nothing so dramatic in the Swedish history of UFOs as this invasion of alien fly-things’ (Rehn 1969: 50). In this article the interpretation of such sightings proposed by these authors, namely that we are visited by extraterrestrials from outer space, is approached from the perspective of myth theory. According to this mythical theme, not only are we are not alone in the universe, but also the history of humankind has been shaped by encounters with more highly-evolved alien beings. In their modern day form, these kinds of ideas about aliens and UFOs originated in the United States. The reasoning of Sandqvist and Rehn exemplifies the localization process that took place as members of the Swedish UFO movement began to produce their own narratives about aliens and UFOs. The question I will address is: in what ways do these stories change in new contexts? Texts produced by the Swedish UFO movement are analyzed as a case study of this process.

scholarly journals Two-component galaxy models with a central BH – II. The ellipsoidal case

2020 ◽  
Vol 500 (1) ◽  
pp. 1054-1070
Author(s):  
Luca Ciotti ◽  
Antonio Mancino ◽  
Silvia Pellegrini ◽  
Azadeh Ziaee Lorzad
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Stellar Dynamics ◽  
Azimuthal Velocity ◽  
Dark Matter Halo ◽  
Gas Flows ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Density Distributions ◽  
Stellar Component ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Analytical Formulae

ABSTRACT Recently, two-component spherical galaxy models have been presented, where the stellar profile is described by a Jaffe law, and the total density by another Jaffe law, or by an r−3 law at large radii. We extend these two families to their ellipsoidal axisymmetric counterparts: the JJe and J3e models. The total and stellar density distributions can have different flattenings and scale lengths, and the dark matter halo is defined by difference. First, the analytical conditions required to have a nowhere negative dark matter halo density are derived. The Jeans equations for the stellar component are then solved analytically, in the limit of small flattenings, also in the presence of a central BH. The azimuthal velocity dispersion anisotropy is described by the Satoh k-decomposition. Finally, we present the analytical formulae for velocity fields near the centre and at large radii, together with the various terms entering the virial theorem. The JJe and J3e models can be useful in a number of theoretical applications, e.g. to explore the role of the various parameters (flattening, relative scale lengths, mass ratios, rotational support) in determining the behaviour of the stellar kinematical fields before performing more time-expensive integrations with specific galaxy models, to test codes of stellar dynamics and in numerical simulations of gas flows in galaxies.

scholarly journals Identifying molecules as biosignatures with assembly theory and mass spectrometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart M. Marshall ◽  
Cole Mathis ◽  
Emma Carrick ◽  
Graham Keenan ◽  
Geoffrey J. T. Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Molecular Assembly ◽  
Detection Experiment ◽  
Complex Molecules ◽  
The World ◽  
Life Detection ◽  
Molecular Complexity ◽  
The Universe

AbstractThe search for alien life is hard because we do not know what signatures are unique to life. We show why complex molecules found in high abundance are universal biosignatures and demonstrate the first intrinsic experimentally tractable measure of molecular complexity, called the molecular assembly index (MA). To do this we calculate the complexity of several million molecules and validate that their complexity can be experimentally determined by mass spectrometry. This approach allows us to identify molecular biosignatures from a set of diverse samples from around the world, outer space, and the laboratory, demonstrating it is possible to build a life detection experiment based on MA that could be deployed to extraterrestrial locations, and used as a complexity scale to quantify constraints needed to direct prebiotically plausible processes in the laboratory. Such an approach is vital for finding life elsewhere in the universe or creating de-novo life in the lab.

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