scholarly journals European City-States in the Emergence of Capitalism: Critical Assessment of Institutional, Political Economy, and Cultural Factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Hong-Sik Cho
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
European City ◽  
City States

scholarly journals Productive Labour in the Information Sector

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Finkelstein
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Surplus Value ◽  
Productive Labour ◽  
Information Sector ◽  
Marxian Political Economy

Background This article addresses the question of productive labour in the information sector. Based on Marxian political economy, it provides a critical assessment of Dan Schiller’s (2007) arguments on productive and unproductive labour. Unproductive labour, it argues, is not something a) unnecessary, b) morally inferior, c) outside of a wage relationship, or d) unprofitable. Analysis Following an orthodox Marxian interpretation, this article claims that unproductive labour is a category that revolves exclusively around the concept of surplus value, and that this recognition is vital to understanding the type of labour that takes place in those businesses whose main commodity is information. Conclusions and implications  The article ends with a more sophisticated account of how to apply the category of productive labour to the information sector. Contexte  Cet article traite de la problématique du travail productif dans le secteur de l’information. Sur la base de l’économie politique marxiste, les arguments autour du travail productif et improductif de Dan Schiller ont été évalués de façon critique. Je soutiens que le travail improductif n’est pas quelque chose a) d’inutile b) ni moralement inferieur, c) ni exempt d’un rapport de salaire, d) ni lucratif. Analyse  Suivant une interprétation marxiste orthodoxe, je postule que le travail productif est une catégorie en rapport exclusivement avec la production de plus-value et cette reconnaissance est vitale pour comprendre les types de travaux qui se réalisent dans les secteurs où la principale marchandise est l’information. Conclusions et implications  Pour conclure j’apporte une explication plus sophistiquée pour appliquer la catégorie de travail productif au secteur de l’information.

Toward a Critique of Latin American Neostructuralism

2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Ignacio Leiva
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Latin American ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
First Century ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
Economic Surplus ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
Key Dimensions

AbstractThis article offers a critical assessment of the first postneoliberalism development framework that emerged in Latin America after 1990. The ability of neostructuralism to present an attractive narrative about a twenty-first-century “modernity with solidarity” is based on abandoning key tenets of ECLAC's structuralism and the thinking of Raúl Prebisch and Celso Furtado; namely, a focus on the distribution and appropriation of economic surplus and a framing of Latin American development problems in a world capitalist system. This article argues that Latin American neostructuralism's discursive strengths, as well as its analytical weaknesses, stem from the marginalization of power relations from key dimensions of the region's political economy. Since 2000, neostructuralism has exacerbated its descriptive, short-term perspective, further dulling its analytical edge, by focusing on policies that promote social cohesion and state intervention in the cultural and the socioemotional realm.

scholarly journals Planejamento: do economicismo moderno à dialética socioespacial

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Lucas Linhares
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Planning Theory ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
The Social ◽  
Analytical Category ◽  
Rationality Model

A teoria e a práxis do planejamento, nas sociedades capitalistas modernas, refletem a consolidação de um modelo de racionalidade fundado numa visão mecanicista dos processos sociais. A matriz positivista da ciência – que busca enunciar (e predizer) os fenômenos sociais por meio de leis universais – alcançou posição hegemônica e assentou as bases do planejamento moderno. No campo da Economia Política, dominada pela perspectiva mecanicista embutida na corrente neoclássica, a busca da construção de esquemas teóricos generalistas confere ao espaço, enquanto categoria analítica, um papel secundário. O presente artigo propõe inicialmente uma discussão epistemológica, buscando avaliar criticamente o significado da incorporação de um paradigma economicista e mecanicista por parte da teoria do planejamento. Entrecortando a discussão epistemológica, procuramos, amparados na perspectiva teórica neomarxista, reafirmar o papel do espaço como categoria elementar à compreensão dialética da dinâmica capitalista, sem a qual uma teoria do planejamento incorreria em importante lacuna. O reconhecimento de que as contradições do modo de produção devem ser desvendadas pela investigação do espaço socialmente engendrado é capaz de nos conduzir a uma teoria social mais robusta no balizamento do planejamento.Palavras-chave: planejamento; dialética socioespacial; modernidade; espaço social.Abstract: In modern capitalist societies, the Planning Theory and Praxis reflects a consolidation of a “mechanical” rationality model which treats social phenomena as they could be described by universal and immutable laws. Specifically in the field on Political Economy which is dominated by neoclassical corpus, searching for general theoretical schemes tends to neglect the “space” as analytical category. Initially, this paper aims to make an epistemological discussion and to make a critical assessment of the embodiment of the “mechanical paradigm” by the Planning Theory. Moreover, this paper intends to put the space on foreground of the Social Theory, i.e., the space is taken as a fundamental category to comprehend the capitalist dynamics. Looking into socially built space allows us to reach a socio-spatial dialectics and hence a more comprehensive Social Theory and a stronger Planning Theory.Keywords: planning; socio-spatial dialectics; modernity; social space.

The Political Economy of Marine Fisheries Development in Peru, Chile and Mexico

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 503-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALONSO AGUILAR IBARRA ◽  
CHRIS REID ◽  
ANDY THORPE
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
The Political ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Management Styles ◽  
Marine Fisheries ◽  
Fisheries Policy

Latin American fish production has expanded significantly in recent years. Unfortunately, as management systems in the three major Latin American fish producing countries have not developed at the same pace, all three countries now experience problems of overfishing and industrial overcapitalisation. This article examines the distinctive national fisheries development programmes that have led to this ‘tragedy of the oceans’. By comparing and contrasting the Peruvian, Chilean and Mexican management styles, it offers a critical assessment regarding the likely direction of future Latin American fisheries policy.

A Critical Assessment of Social Entrepreneurship

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 61S-77S ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Frank ◽  
Gordon E. Shockley
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
The Political ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Friedrich Hayek

We offer a microfoundation of social entrepreneurship through the work of Vincent and Elinor Ostrom on polycentricity (Ostromian polycentricity) and that of Friedrich Hayek on the economics of knowledge (Hayekian knowledge) that reveals both the main strength and main weakness of social entrepreneurship. Problematizing social entrepreneurship in terms of the political economy of knowledge and based on Ostromian polycentricity and Hayekian knowledge, we first find the main strength of social entrepreneurship is that local, decentralized social entrepreneurs usually are the most appropriate and best-positioned—indeed, the most efficient—actors to solve their communities’ social problems. Also based on the work of the Ostroms and Hayek, we identify the main weakness of social entrepreneurship: the lack of institutional safeguards to social entrepreneurship. The localized decision-making process, however, might mitigate to some degree the potential for large-scale abuse.

scholarly journals Madryckie place w relacjach wybranych polskich podróżników w XIX i na początku XX wieku

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 201-220
Author(s):  
Natalia Bursiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
European City ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The 19Th Century

This article presents the perception of Madrid squares as viewed by Polish travellers in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The squares functioned for centuries as key areas of a city, both for the residents and visitors. In Spain, they were also an important element of culture and urban planning. Plaza Mayor – a unique European city square – was established in that country. Therefore, it may be assumed that the squares, playing a leading role in the analysed urban space, are one of the main tourist destinations. The aim of the article was to analyse the accounts of Polish travellers who came to Madrid in the 19th century and attempt to answer the following questions: what role the squares played during the time of those travels, which square made the greatest impression on the writers and why. The author also wanted to gain a better understanding of the aesthetic sensitivity and architectural and urban awareness of the Polish travellers. The analysis was carried out on the basis of source texts and historical studies. The presented image of public spaces was juxtaposed with iconographic and cartographic sources. The article shows that the Polish travellers staying in Madrid in the 19th and early 20th centuries limited their urban strolls to only a few squares, and the most important ones were approached with critical assessment.

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