scholarly journals Persistence of African languages and religions in Latin America since slavery

Author(s):  
Ndapewa Fenny Nakanyete

This paper examines the presence of African languages and spiritual practices of Candomblé, Santería and Vodou religions in Brazil, Cuba and Haiti respectively. The three religions are known to have been originated by African slaves that were mostly captured in- and transferred from West and Central Africa to Latin America. Currently, the three religions are not only followed by African descendants, but also by people of various ethnic backgrounds worldwide. Thus, people flock to the three countries regularly to be initiated into this African-based religions and cultures. On the other hand, similar spiritual practices on the African continent seem to be generally stigmatized if not demonized. Findings presented in this paper are as a result of direct observations and open interviews over a four months of fieldwork, as well as desktop reviews of existing literature. The findings demonstrate etymologies of terms and expressions that are of various African languages origin and are used in the three religions. The paper calls for integral comparative studies of parts in Africa with parts of Latin America to auxiliary identify linguistic and spirituality similarities, and significance roles of African slaves in maintaining African traditions.

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (156) ◽  
pp. 130-134

In 1970, the ICRC opened two regional delegations in Africa, one at Yaoundé (Cameroon) for West and Central Africa, and the other at Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) for East Africa. In both countries, the ICRC permanent delegates enjoyed throughout their mission the full support of the authorities and the co-operation of their National Red Cross Societies.


Author(s):  
Dr Sunday Nnamani

Music in Africa portrays the totality of its cultural product. It cannot be separated from culture because in culture there is music and in music there is culture. This paper titled “African Music and Human experience in the 21st century with particular reference to Nigeria” examined the traditional music of the continent as it is passed down orally from one generation to the other, it looked at it on the basis of regions and later zeroed down to the West and Central Africa where Nigeria is located. The problems of development of musical experience which include, socio-economic and technological problems, disunity, lack of recognition, education, politics, etc were examined. Also the relevance of music to human experiences presently were looked into with a view to salvaging the dilapidating image of the study/ and research into pure African music highlighted. A list of crusaders and scholars of African music were also enumerated in order to encourage others to join


1991 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ephraim Mosothoane

There are, for purposes of this paper, two remarkable facts about Christianity on the African Continent. The first is its antiquity. There seems to be every likelihood that it was as early as its very inception that Christianity, as part of its rapid sweep across the first century Graeco-Roman world, reached Africa as well. The New Testament contains a number of hints that suggest that places such as Ethiopia, Egypt (particularly Alexandria) and Cyrene could vie with each other for first position. In any case, by the second and third centuries, the African Church could boast of such great leaders and thinkers as Clement of Alexandria, Origen, Tertullian and Cyprian; and a century later of the highly influential Augustine of Hippo. The significance and influence of these men extended well beyond Africa. After that, with the exception of Egypt and Ethiopia, there is a lacuna in our knowledge of Christianity in Africa. The next significant centuries are the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries in respect of North, West and Central Africa, and the nineteenth century in respect of virtually the entire Continent. In short, Christianity is not a newcomer to the African Continent. Ups and downs of various kinds it has experienced here as it has done elsewhere; so also, in respect of a number of areas, major gaps affecting its continuous and unbroken existence down the centuries. Nevertheless, a newcomer to the Continent it is not.


2018 ◽  
pp. 15-27
Author(s):  
Maggie Dwyer

This chapter details the book’s research design. The study takes two distinct but complementary approaches to examining mutinies. One is a dataset that documents the occurrence of mutinies in West and Central Africa from 1960 to 2014. The other approach involves in-depth case studies of mutinies in Sierra Leone, The Gambia, and Burkina Faso, which include extensive interviews with mutineers and others knowledgeable about the revolts. This chapter will also expand on the definition of mutiny used in the research and show how it differs from a coup d’état.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Inés Pardo Martínez ◽  
William Alfonso Piña ◽  
Angelo Facchini ◽  
Alexander Cotte Poveda

Abstract Background Currently, most of the world’s population lives in cities, and the rapid urbanization of the population is driving increases in the demand for products, goods and services. To effectively design policies for urban sustainability, it is important to understand the trends of flows in energy and materials as they enter and leave a city. This knowledge is essential for determining the key elements characterizing future urban growth and addressing future supply challenges. Methods This paper presents an analysis of the energy and material flows in the city of Bogotá over the time span from 2001 to 2017. Urban flows are also characterized in terms of their temporal evolution with respect to population growth to compare and identify the changes in the main input flows, wealth production, emissions and waste in the city. Results The results of the analysis are then compared with those for other selected large urban agglomerations in Latin America and worldwide to highlight similarities and make inferences. The results show that in Bogotá, there was a decrease in some of the material flows, such as the consumption of water and the generation of discharge, in recent years, while there was an increase in the consumption of energy and cement and in the production of CO2 emissions and construction materials. Solid waste production remained relatively stable. With respect to the other large cities considered, we observe that the 10-year growth rates of the flows with respect to population growth are lower in Bogotá, particularly when compared with the other urban agglomerations in Latin America. Conclusions The findings of this study are important for advancing characterizations of the trends of material and energy flows in cities, and they contribute to the establishment of a benchmark that allows for the definition and evaluation of the different impacts of public policy while promoting the sustainability of Bogotá in the coming decades.


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