scholarly journals Application of coconut battery waste to graphic as an alternative electrode on primary battery cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 668-673
Author(s):  
Rikson Siburian ◽  
Saur L Raja ◽  
Minto Supeno ◽  
Crystina Simanjuntak
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Thin Plates ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Primary Battery ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Coconut Shells ◽  
Scanning Electron

Coconut shell is one of the potential biomass as carbon sources. Coconut shell is converted to charcoal through the carbonization process. The potential of charcoal from coconut shells can be synthesized into graphene. Graphene is a derivative of one of the carbon allotropes, namely graphite, where carbon is in the form of thin plates with sp2 orbitals arranged hexagonally. The process of making graphene which is coconut shell dried in the sun then pyrolysis into charcoal then mixed with activated carbon as a reducing agent at 600 ° C for 1 hour to produce graphene. The graphene produced is characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX). The results by XRD analysis showed the resulting peaks were not sharp and slightly widened at the diffraction peaks at 24 ° and 44 °. The results of SEM-EDX analysis at 4000x magnification show the surface size and shape of the structure that is smaller, thinner and reduced buildup on the graphene structure. graphene that has been successfully synthesized was tested on a coin battery. The coin battery cathode which was replaced with graphene succeeded in turning on the light.  

scholarly journals Supplementary X-ray studies of the Ni-Sn-Bi system

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.P. Vassilev ◽  
K.I. Lilova ◽  
J.C. Gachon
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Phase Equilibria ◽  
Ternary Compound ◽  
Approximate Formula ◽  
Ternary Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Scanning Electron

Phase equilibria were studied in the system Ni-Sn-Bi. Special attention has been paid to the identification of the recently found ternary phase. For this purpose samples were synthesized using intimately mixed powders. After annealing and quenching, all alloys were analyzed by scanning electron microscope and by X-ray diffraction. The results give evidences about the existence of a ternary compound with approximate formula Ni6Sn2Bi to Ni7Sn2Bi. Overlapping of some neighboring diffraction peaks of this phase with NiBi and Ni3Sn_LT is the reason for the difficulties related to the X-ray diffraction identification of the ternary phase.

scholarly journals Solvothermally derived Me2(H2O)4(5SSA)3·DMF and Me2(H2O)4(4NSA)2·DMF: Application as Biginelli reaction catalysts

Chemija ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrius Laurikėnas ◽  
Fatma Yalçin ◽  
Robertas Žilinskas ◽  
Ayse Uztetik Morkan ◽  
Albinas Žilinskas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solvothermal Synthesis ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Biginelli Reaction ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hybrid Compounds ◽  
Phase And Chemical Composition ◽  
Scanning Electron

The solvothermal synthesis between Me(NO3)x ∙ yH2O (Mex+ = Fe3+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Cu2+) and respectively 4-nitrosalycilic (4NSA) and 5-sulfosalicylic (5SSA) acids produced hybrid organic-inorganic compounds composed of Mex+ ions and organic fragments which include three different functional groups, carboxylic, hydroxyl and sulfonic, each coordinated to the Mex+ ions. The phase and chemical composition, microstructure and properties of Me2(H2O)4(5SSA)3·DMF and Me2(H2O)4(4NSA)2·DMF (DMF – dimethylformamide) hybrid compounds were evaluated and discussed. The synthesised materials were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The catalytic properties of the obtained compounds were also investigated.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic Degradation of Nitro and Chlorophenols Using Doped and Undoped Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Ilyas ◽  
Ishtiaq A. Qazi ◽  
Wasim Asgar ◽  
M. Ali Awan ◽  
Zahir-ud-din Khan
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Model Compound ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Liquid Impregnation ◽  
Scanning Electron

Pure and Ag-TiO2nanoparticles were synthesized, with the metallic doping being done using the Liquid Impregnation (LI) method. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized by analytical methods such as scanning electron micrographs (SEMs), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). XRD analysis indicated that the crystallite size ofTiO2was 27 nm to 42 nm while the crystallite size of Ag-TiO2was 11.27 nm to 42.52 nm. The photocatalytic activity of pureTiO2and silver dopedTiO2was tested by photocatalytic degradation ofp-nitrophenol as a model compound. Ag-TiO2nanoparticles exhibited better results (98% degradation) as compared to pureTiO2nanoparticles (83% degradation) in 1 hour for the degradation ofp-nitrophenol. Ag-TiO2was further used for the photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorphenol (99% degradation), 2,5-dichlorophenol (98% degradation), and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (96% degradation) in 1 hour. The degree of mineralization was tested by TOC experiment indicating that 2,4-DCP was completely mineralized, while 2,5-DCP was mineralized upto 95 percent and 2,4,6-TCP upto 86 percent within a period of 2 hours.

Study on Magnetic Properties of Na-Doped rGO Prepared from Coconut Shells

2020 ◽  
Vol 855 ◽  
pp. 160-165
Author(s):  
Deril Ristiani ◽  
Niken Sylvia Puspitasari ◽  
Retno Asih ◽  
Fahmi Astuti ◽  
Malik Anjelh Baqiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽  
Mixing Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Na Ions ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Coconut Shells

Na-doped reduced graphene oxide (Na-rGO) was prepared by wet mixing process of the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in NaOH solution. The results showed that the rGO doped with Na ions can increase its magnetization approximately 2 times greater than that in rGO without doping. Saturation magnetization (Ms) for rGO and Na-rGO samples are 0.017 emu/g and 0.037 emu/g, respectively. The increasing value of magnetization is suggested to be due to defect presented in the Na-rGO samples. Both samples, rGO and Na-rGO, have the similar XRD (X-ray Diffraction) spectra that is marked by two characteristic diffraction peaks of rGO, which are associated with [002] and [10] planes, followed by the increasing inter-planar distance in Na-rGO samples which might be due to Na ions intercalation into rGO sheets, confirmed by the energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) result revealing the presence of Na atoms in rGO.

Synthesis, Structural Analysis of Cadmium Sulphide Nanocrystallites

2019 ◽  
Vol 969 ◽  
pp. 169-174
Author(s):  
R. Sivanand ◽  
S. Chellammal ◽  
S. Manivannan
Keyword(s):  
Size Variation ◽  
Cadmium Sulphide ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Capping Agent ◽  
Energy Dispersive Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this paper, the effect of size variation of cadmium sulphide nanocrystallites which have been prepared by precipitation method is analyzed. These prepared samples were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy dispersive analysis of spectroscopy (EDAX) techniques. SEM analysis represents the morphological nature of prepared samples and EDAX indicates the confirmation of elements present in the sample. XRD analysis determines the size of the samples and identifies the structure using miller indices (h k l values) of the nanocrystallies matches with JCPDS. From the XRD analysis, the size variation which depends on dopant, capping agent are discussed and corresponding results are reported in this paper.

Inclusion Complexes between Starch and Vanillin

2019 ◽  
Vol 811 ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Rachmawati Rachmawati ◽  
Ida Ayu Dwitasari
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Complexes ◽  
Physical Mixture ◽  
Host Molecule ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Starch Solution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Single Helix ◽  
Scanning Electron

Vanillin is an additive widely used in foods and beverages. This research focused on formation of inclusion complexes to improve the stability of vanillin. The amylose in starch can act as a host molecule by forming a single helix known as V-amylose which has a hydrophobic channel. In this research, the starch was suspended in water (2.8% (w/v)) and was sonicated for 30 minutes. The mixture was subsequently heated at 180 °C to dissolve starch. Vanillin dissolved in ethanol was then mixed with the starch solution at around 85 °C. The concentration of vanillin was varied at 10%, 30% and 50% (w/w, based on the weight of starch). The resulting inclusion complexes were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). FTIR characterizations were conducted on starch, vanillin, physical mixture of starch-vanillin, and the inclusion complexes. The results showed there were differences on some vibration peaks between the physical mixture of starch-vanillin and the inclusion complex. The XRD results depicted different patterns of the diffraction peaks for the inclusion complexes compared to native starch and vanillin which showed that the starch-vanillin complexes were successfully formed.

Microstructural Characterization of Glass-to-Metal Brazed Joint

2012 ◽  
Vol 616-618 ◽  
pp. 1732-1735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Hai Shen ◽  
Yu Gang Zheng ◽  
Liang Chang ◽  
Jin Jia Guo ◽  
Song Bin Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Power ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solar Thermal Power ◽  
Brazed Joints ◽  
Brazed Joint ◽  
Scanning Electron

Aiming at the glass-to-metal seals serving in the Solar Thermal Power (STP), glass-to-metal vacuum brazed joints were studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were performed to examine the microstructure and element contents of interface seam on the glass-to-metal vacuum brazed joints. Also, the compositional concentration of the interface seam was measured by using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).

The Effect of Water Content on the Formation of TiO2 Nanotubes in Ethylene Glycol

2010 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 102-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khairul Arifah Saharudin ◽  
Srimala Sreekantan
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Anatase Phase ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Degradation Of Methyl Orange ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this paper, anodization of Ti foil was carried out in ethylene glycol (EG) containing 5 wt% NH4F solution and 0 to 1.5 wt% of water at 50 V for 60 min. The pH of the bath was kept constant at ~pH7. The crystal structure was studied by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, and the morphology was observed via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). TiO2 nanotube with aspect ratio of 100 was obtained in EG containing less than 1wt % water. The nanotubes wall was very smooth. Increasing the water content > 1wt % results in short nanotubes of approximately 6.2μm with aspect ratio of 62. As anodized, nanotubes were amorphous and annealed at 400 °C promote 100 % anatase phase. Photocatalytic activity of the nanotubes produced at different water content was also evaluated by the degradation of methyl orange and the detail of the observation was discussed thoroughly in this paper.

The Effects of Ternary Elemental Additions on the Structure and Magnetic Properties of Nanocrystalline Feco Powders

2002 ◽  
Vol 753 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Baker ◽  
R. G. Quiller ◽  
M. Robson ◽  
D. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Vibrating Sample Magnetometer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Steel Balls ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTPowders of near-equiatomic Fe and Co were mechanically milled with additions of Zr, C, Ni, Cu and/or B for 60 hr using stainless steel balls in a Svegari attritor operated at 1300 r.p.m. under argon. The milled powders were examined before and after annealing at 600 °C. The morphologies and sizes of the powders were examined using a scanning electron microscope. The grain sizes were characterized from the widths of X-ray diffraction peaks obtained using a computer-controlled x-ray diffractometer and the lattice parameters were determined. The resulting magnetic properties were measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer.

Interaction between Yttria Fully Stabilized Zirconia or Yttria-Zirconia Blended Face-Coat with Ti6Al4V during Investment Casting

2014 ◽  
Vol 1019 ◽  
pp. 302-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalenda Mutombo ◽  
Christina Kgomo ◽  
P. Rossouw
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Alpha Case ◽  
Face Coat ◽  
Scanning Electron

The interaction between the Ti6Al4V alloy and the mould materials was investigated. The alpha-case was characterized by Vickers hardness tester, optical and scanning electron microscopy equipped with electron dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed on as cast and on YFSZ or YZ-Blended face-coats. From the experimental results, a distinct alpha-case formation was revealed. The YFSZ led to a thicker and harder alpha-case than the YZ-Blended face-coat. The EDX revealed the presence of Zr and Si elements in both alpha-cases. Therefore, from experimental results and thermodynamic calculations, pure ZrO2and SiO2may react with Ti.

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