scholarly journals PENGARUH KONSENTRASI Li YANG DI-DOPING KE DALAM KATALIS CaO TERHADAP REAKSI TRANSESTERIFIKASI MINYAK SAWIT

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tarmidzi ◽  
Andre Y. Putra ◽  
Renita Manurung ◽  
Tjahjono Herawan
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Parameter Test ◽  
Methyl Ester Content

The development of biodiesel which is derived  from Crude Palm Oil (CPO) shows a risingtrend  forpetroleum-based energy reserves are running low.Oil palm is the largestplantation commodity in Indonesia, so, it has high potential as raw material of biodiesel.Transesterification is a reaction of producingbiodiesel (methyl ester). Nevertheless, CPO is easy to be degraded byhydrolysis, so, it couldincrease the amount of Free Fatty Acid (FFA) content which hampers transesterification process. As a consequence, there is formation of soaps as side product. Tomaximize the production of biodiesel which is derived frompalm oil that contains of large amount of  FFA (low grade CPO)  one of the waysis by applying catalyst through doped-process. This research is held togive  information about the effect of Li+ion concentration (inLiNO3 form) which is doped to calcium oxide (CaO) to palm oil transesterification with the large amount ofFFA to produce methyl ester, attemperature of 120oC,the ratio of methanol:CPO = 12:1 (mol/mol), catalyst amount 2,5% (w/w) CPO, for 3,5 hours and usespressured reactor. The variable of research is Liconcentration that isdoped to CaO with concentration:  0%, 1% and 4% (w/w) CaO. The parameter test is methyl ester content that is derived from the result of transesterification with GasChromatography (GC) analysis. The research shows that Li+ion that is doped to CaO catalyst could increase the reaction of methyl ester production which is derived from low grade CPO with FFA>3,5 %, in which the finest of Liconcentration that is doped to CaO is 1%, with result of 90,88% methyl ester.

Perbandingan Karakteristik Surfaktan Metil Ester Sulfonat dan Sodium Lauril Sulfonat sebagai Bahan Emulsifier

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-176
Author(s):  
Eldha Sampepana ◽  
Paluphy Eka Yustini ◽  
Aditya Rinaldi ◽  
Amiroh Amiroh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Interfacial Tension ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Emulsion Stability ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Enzymatic Method

Surfactant which is used as raw emulsifier in an industry activity such as Sodium Lauryl Sulfonate is a raw material import, it is petroleum derivative which is not renewable and may cause pollution to the environment, because it is not degraded and are carcinogenic. The purpose of the research is to compare the characteristics of the Quaternary methyl ester sulfonat (MES) and Sodium Lauryl Sulfonat (SLS) as emulsifier. First, make the MES by filtering and eliminating fatty acids of palm oil, then process the MES with enzymatic method become methyl ester, then react it in sulfonation and metanolization process, and also neutralized with NaOH. Next, the MES experiment is compared with SLS and existing MES in the market. The results show that surfactants MES experiment has value hidrofil lipofil balance (HLB) interfacial tension and emulsion stability greater than MES in the market and SLS. And the surface tension of MES experiment is larger than MES in the market, but smaller compared to SLS.ABSTRAKSurfaktan yang digunakan sebagai bahan baku emulsifer dalam aktivitas suatu industri pada saat ini seperti Sodium Lauril Sulfonat  merupakan bahan baku import yang merupakan turunan dari minyak bumi, dengan sifat tidak dapat diperbaharui dan dapat menimbulkan pencemaran terhadap lingkungan karena tidak mudah terdegradasi serta bersifat karsinogenik. Metil ester sulfonat dari bahan minyak sawit merupakan surfaktan dengan sifat mudah terdegradasi yang perlu diketahui karakteristiknya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk membandingkan karakteristik surfaktan metil ester sulfonat (MES) dan Sodium Lauril Sulfonat (SLS) sebagai bahan emulsifier. Mula-mula dilakukan pembuatan MES dengan cara menyaring dan menghilangkan asam lemak minyak sawit terlebih dahulu, kemudian diolah menjadi metil ester secara enzimatis, lalu direaksikan secara sulfonasi dan metanolisis, serta dinetralkan dengan NaOH. Selanjutnya MES hasil percobaan dibandingkan dengan SLS dan MES yang ada dipasaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa surfaktan MES memiliki nilai hidrofil lipofil balance (HLB) tegangan antar muka dan stabilitas emulsi lebih besar apabila dibandingkan dengan MES di pasaran dan SLS, kecuali nilai stabilitas emulsi antara MES dan SLS sama. Dan tegangan permukaan MES hasil percobaan, lebih besar dibandingkan dengan MES dipasaran, dan lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan SLS. Kata kunci :   Metil  ester sulfonat, hidrofil lipofil balance, emulsifier, sodium lauril sulfonat , stabilitas emulsi 

scholarly journals Synthesis of Eco-Friendly Detergent Based on Crude Palm Oil and Titania Nanoparticles

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 2394-2396
Author(s):  
P.P. Wulandari ◽  
M.T. Adiwibowo ◽  
A.S. Redjeki ◽  
M. Ibadurrohman ◽  
Slamet
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Titania Nanoparticles ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Tension Analysis

In this work, we report the synthesis of eco-friendly detergent from crude palm oil and titania. Crude palm oil was converted into methyl ester sulfonate through esterification, transesterification and followed by sulfonation process. As-produced methyl ester sulfonate was characterized with Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (LCMS) and surface tension analysis. Detergents were synthesized by dispersing titania nanoparticles into methyl ester sulfonate solution, forming a nanofluid. Stability and detergency of the nanofluidic detergents were then evaluated. The results showed that the nanofluid detergents were stable in the presence of 0.1 wt % titania and the photocatalytic activity of titania nanoparticles improved the ability of nanofluidic detergents to remove dirt as well as degrading the surfactant residues in the laundry waste stream.

Esterification of Waste Palm Oil in Wastewater Pond for Community Biodiesel Production

2014 ◽  
Vol 692 ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
Athitan Timyamprasert ◽  
Vittaya Punsuvon ◽  
Kasem Chunkao ◽  
Juan L. Silva ◽  
Tae Jo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Concentration ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Methyl Ester Content

The aim of this research was to develop a two-step technique to prepare biodiesel from waste palm oil (WPO) with high free fatty acid content. The developed process consists of esterification and transesterification steps. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied for investigating the experimental design for esterification step. Design of experiment was performed by application of 5-levels-3-factors central composite design in order to study the optimum condition for decreasing FFA in WPO. The WPO with low FFA was further experimented in transesterification step to obtain fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). The investigated results showed that the WPO containing 48.62%wt of high FFA. The optimum condition of esterification step was 28 moles of methanol to FFA in WPO molar ratio, 5.5% sulfuric acid concentration in 90 min of reaction time and 60 °C of reaction temperature. After transesterification step, WPO biodiesel gave methyl ester content at 84.05% according to EN 14103 method. The properties of WPO methyl ester meet the standards of Thailand community biodiesel that can be used as fuel in agricultural machine.

scholarly journals Characterization of methyl ester compound of biodiesel from industrial liquid waste of crude palm oil processing

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maulidiyah ◽  
Muhammad Nurdin ◽  
Fetty Fatma ◽  
Muh. Natsir ◽  
Dwiprayogo Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Processing

Analysis of pre-heated crude palm oil, palm oil methyl ester and its blends as fuel in a diesel engine

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Deepanraj ◽  
P. Lawrence ◽  
R. Sivashankar ◽  
V. Sivasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Crude Palm Oil

A novel phosphonium-based deep eutectic catalyst for biodiesel production from industrial low grade crude palm oil

2013 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeeb Hayyan ◽  
Mohd Ali Hashim ◽  
Farouq S. Mjalli ◽  
Maan Hayyan ◽  
Inas M. AlNashef
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Crude Palm Oil

Comparative Study on Two-Step Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) Production from High FFA Crude Palm Oil Using Microwave Technique and Conventional Technique

2014 ◽  
Vol 917 ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suliana Abu Bakar ◽  
Suzana Yusup ◽  
Murni Melati Ahmad ◽  
Armando T. Quitain ◽  
Mitsuru Sasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Microwave Method ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Microwave Technique ◽  
Pre Treatment

The production of biodiesel from crude palm oil (CPO) using microwave technique is investigated and has been compared with conventional heating. Two-step biodiesel production process is applied to maximize the highest biodiesel yield in short reaction time using microwave method. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) as acid catalysts is used in pre-treatment of feedstock by esterification process followed by potassium hydroxide (KOH) as base catalyst for transesterification process with low methanol to oil ratio. The main purpose of the pre-treatment process is to reduce the free fatty acids (FFA) content of CPO from higher value of FFA content (>6.8%) to a minimum level for biodiesel production (<1%). Esterification and transesterification is carried out in fully instrumented and controlled microwave reactor system to get higher yield in shorter time. This two-step esterification and transesterification process showed that the maximum conversion of palm biodiesel obtained is 95.1% with the process conditions of methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 6:1, reaction temperature 65oC, reaction time 15min, and 2% (wt/wt) KOH amount using microwave method compared to conventional heating where the palm oil methyl ester (POME) yield obtained is 81% at the same conditions. The result showed that, the biodiesel production using microwave technique proved to be a fast and easy route to get high yields of biodiesel.

scholarly journals Estudio cinético de la sulfonación de ésteres metílicos derivados de la estearina de palma

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Jesús Alfonso Torres Ortega ◽  
Luis Alejandro Díaz Aldana ◽  
Francisco José Sánchez Castellanos
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Reaction Velocity ◽  
Other Substances

<strong><strong></strong></strong>Los ésteres metílicos como alternativa oleoquímica permiten sintetizar compuestos para la fabricación de detergentes, polímeros, recubrimientos, cosméticos, pinturas y otras sustancias. Así, la transformación del aceite de palma se establece como una cadena productiva con múltiples aplicaciones industriales. Las propiedades biológicas del éster metílico sulfonado, derivado del aceite de palma, permiten desarrollar detergentes de baja toxicidad al medio ambiente, son una fuente renovable de materia prima, y con su desarrollo se explota este recurso nacional; se generan así conocimiento y fuentes adicionales de trabajo. La sulfonación de ésteres metílicos es una reacción altamente exotérmica en la que la velocidad de reacción determina la carga térmica que debe disipar el reactor, y por tanto es trascendental para el diseño del reactor de sulfonación y su modelamiento matemático. Mediante técnicas instrumentales se estableció una expresión cinética para la velocidad de reacción. Los ensayos realizados en el laboratorio permitieron la deducción de una cinética de segundo orden para el mecanismo de reacción propuesto; esta velocidad de reacción describe adecuadamente la sulfonación con SO3 de ésteres metílicos derivados de la estearina hidrogenada de palma. Se verificó la cinética de segundo orden de la reacción global del proceso de sulfonación de ésteres metílicos con SO3. <p class="Corpoica"><strong>Kinetic study of methyl esters sulfonation derived from palm stearin </strong></p><p class="Corpoica">The methyl esters as an alternative to oil-chemical compounds, is an feedstock to manufacture of detergents, polymers, coatings, cosmetics, paints and other substances, establishing them the palm oil transformation like a productive chain with multiple applications at the industry level. Biological properties of biodiesel (methyl ester) sulfonated allow to develop low toxicity detergents to the environment, they are a renewable source of raw material, and with its development it is possible to take advantage of a national sources of knowledge and employment. Methyl esters sulfonation is a reaction highly exothermic, where reaction velocity determines the charge of heat, which should be dissipated by reactor. Therefore, it is important for sulfonation reactor design and its mathematical modelling. In this investigation, a kinetic study for methyl ester from palm oil stearin with sulfur trioxide SO3 sulfonation is presented, whereby with experimental techniques, it was possible to obtain a kinetic expression for reaction velocity. Tests in the laboratory allowed the deduction of a second-order kinetics for the reaction mechanism proposed, the reaction rate described adequately with SO3 sulfonation of methyl esters derived from hydrogenated palm stearin. It was observed second order kinetics of the reaction for the overall process of sulfonation with SO3 methyl esters. </p>

scholarly journals PEMBUATAN METIL ESTER DARI MINYAK KEMIRI SUNAN DENGAN KEBERADAAN CO-SOLVENT ASETON DAN KATALIS HETEROGEN NATRIUM SILIKAT TERKALSINASI

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yusuf Ritonga ◽  
Mangunsong Ruben Reinhard Giovani
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Yield Condition ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Homogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Methyl Ester Content

Methyl ester can be produced from vegetable oil or animal oil through transesterification process. The problem that often arises in the transesterification process is the long reaction time because of oil and alcohol are not mutually dissolve and also separation and purification catalysts are difficult to homogeneous catalysts. The addition of co-solvent may assist the mixing of the reactants and the use of heterogeneous catalysts can overcome the problem of homogeneous catalysts. Sunan candlenut oil contained high free fatty acid (FFA) content of 9.1517% so it needs to be pretreated by esterification so that the raw material has a 1.0538% FFA.  The product  from  this stage  was subjected  to produce methylester and glycerol. The produced methyl ester on the upper layer was separated from the glycerol and then washed. Effect of various process variables were investigated. The propertiesof methyl ester like methyl ester content, density, viscosity, iodine value, acid value, the content of methyl ester,  triglycride(TG), diglyceride(DG) and monoglyceride (MG) was evaluated and was found to compare well with Indonesian Standard (SNI) and European strandart (EN). On this work the best yield condition , was obtain  by using amount of catalyst 3% at 40oC, for reaction time 30 minute in presence of 20% co-solvent of the 96,1493 yield methyl ester. The result of this work showed that sunan candlenut oli is very suitable as the feedstock of methyl ester.

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